Journal by Pratik Dutta
One of the crucial problems in the field of functional genomics is to identify a set of genes whi... more One of the crucial problems in the field of functional genomics is to identify a set of genes which are responsible for a particular cellular mechanism. The current work explores the usage of a multi-objective optimization based genetic clustering technique to classify genes into groups with respect to their functional similarities and biological relevance. Our contribution is twofold: firstly a new quality measure to compute the goodness of gene-clusters namely protein-protein interaction confidence score is developed. This utilizes the confidence scores of the protein-protein interaction networks to measure the similarity between genes of a particular cluster with respect to their biochemical protein products. Secondly, a multi-objective based clustering approach is developed which intelligently uses integrated information of expression values of microarray dataset and protein protein interaction confidence scores to select both statistically and biologically relevant genes. For that very purpose, some biological cluster validity indices, viz. biological homogeneity index and protein-protein interaction confidence score, along with two traditional internal cluster validity indices, viz. fuzzy partition coefficient and Pakhira-Bandyopadhyay-Maulik-index, are simultaneously optimized during the clustering process. Experimental results on three real-life gene expression datasets show that the addition of new objective capturing protein-protein interaction information aids in clustering the genes as compared to the existing techniques. The observations are further supported by biological and statistical significance tests.
Papers by Pratik Dutta
Mach-Zehnder Interferometer based All Optical Reversible Carry-Lookahead Adder
In this work, we present an efficient reversible
implementation of Carry-Lookahead Adder (CLA) i... more In this work, we present an efficient reversible
implementation of Carry-Lookahead Adder (CLA) in all-optical
domain. Now-a-days, semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA)-
based Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) plays a vital role in
the field of ultra-fast all-optical signal processing. We have used
all optical based Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) switches
to design the CLA circuit implementing reversible functionality.
Two approaches are proposed for designing the CLA circuit.
First, we propose a hierarchical approach for implementation of
2n-bit reversible CLA. In the second approach, we remove the
drawback of hierarchical CLA and improve the design by
implementing non-modular staircase structure of n-bit reversible
CLA. The design complexities of both the approaches are
computed. Experimental result shows that the optical cost and
delay incurred in staircase structured reversible implementation
of CLA are much less than those proposed in the recently
reported works.
All Optical Implementation of Mach-Zehnder Interferometer based Reversible Sequential Circuit
In this work, we present all optical reversible implementation of Flip-Flops using semiconductor ... more In this work, we present all optical reversible implementation of Flip-Flops using semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) based Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) switches. Improved design of MZI-based functionally reversible RS, D, JK, T and three different implementations of all optical functionally reversible MZI-based Master-Slave Flip-Flop using RS, D and JK Flip-Flop are presented. Detailed analysis and design complexities of all the functionally reversible optical Flip-Flops with improved optical costs have been reported.
All Optical Implementation of Mach-Zehnder Interferometer Based Reversible Sequential Counters, 2015
This work presents all optical reversible implementation of sequential counters using semiconduct... more This work presents all optical reversible implementation of sequential counters using semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) based Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) switches. All the designs are implemented using minimum number of MZI switches and garbage outputs. This design ensures improved optical costs in reversible realization of all the counters circuit. The theoretical model is simulated to verify the functionality of the circuits. Design complexity of all the proposed memory elements has been analyzed.
Thesis Chapters by Pratik Dutta
Reversible circuits are of great importance in many applications involving low power design. One ... more Reversible circuits are of great importance in many applications involving low power design. One of the main areas where reversible circuits play vital role is in optical computing. Reversible logic has many other applications in several technologies such as quantum computation, digital signal processing, cryptography, ultra low power CMOS design, nanotechnology, thermodynamics and bioinformatics. Most of them are under research. In present days VLSI technology is facing a real challenge with the exponential growth of packing density in VLSI chip and CMOS technologies are reaching to a limit. So some alternative technology is required to overcome from this stagnancy. Energy losses inform of heat generation in VLSI chip is a real hurdle that is facing traditional CMOS technologies. Problem due to irreversibility of logic leads to loss of energy, generation of heat, loss of information, slow computation.
Reversible logic may provide a potential solution of such problems. Among various reversible approaches, optical computing has proved to be very significant in achieving high speed since it uses photons in light which have unmatched speed. In the optical computer of the future, the electronic circuits and wires will be replaced by a few optical fibers and films, making the systems more efficient with no interference, more cost effective, lighter and more compact. Based on optical computing, several optical switches have been proposed which have been designed for future applications. One among them is MACH-ZEHNDER INTERFEROMETER (MZI). In this thesis, we have studied behavior of MZI based switch and developed novel approaches for implementation of reversible logic circuits.
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Journal by Pratik Dutta
Papers by Pratik Dutta
implementation of Carry-Lookahead Adder (CLA) in all-optical
domain. Now-a-days, semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA)-
based Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) plays a vital role in
the field of ultra-fast all-optical signal processing. We have used
all optical based Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) switches
to design the CLA circuit implementing reversible functionality.
Two approaches are proposed for designing the CLA circuit.
First, we propose a hierarchical approach for implementation of
2n-bit reversible CLA. In the second approach, we remove the
drawback of hierarchical CLA and improve the design by
implementing non-modular staircase structure of n-bit reversible
CLA. The design complexities of both the approaches are
computed. Experimental result shows that the optical cost and
delay incurred in staircase structured reversible implementation
of CLA are much less than those proposed in the recently
reported works.
Thesis Chapters by Pratik Dutta
Reversible logic may provide a potential solution of such problems. Among various reversible approaches, optical computing has proved to be very significant in achieving high speed since it uses photons in light which have unmatched speed. In the optical computer of the future, the electronic circuits and wires will be replaced by a few optical fibers and films, making the systems more efficient with no interference, more cost effective, lighter and more compact. Based on optical computing, several optical switches have been proposed which have been designed for future applications. One among them is MACH-ZEHNDER INTERFEROMETER (MZI). In this thesis, we have studied behavior of MZI based switch and developed novel approaches for implementation of reversible logic circuits.
implementation of Carry-Lookahead Adder (CLA) in all-optical
domain. Now-a-days, semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA)-
based Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) plays a vital role in
the field of ultra-fast all-optical signal processing. We have used
all optical based Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) switches
to design the CLA circuit implementing reversible functionality.
Two approaches are proposed for designing the CLA circuit.
First, we propose a hierarchical approach for implementation of
2n-bit reversible CLA. In the second approach, we remove the
drawback of hierarchical CLA and improve the design by
implementing non-modular staircase structure of n-bit reversible
CLA. The design complexities of both the approaches are
computed. Experimental result shows that the optical cost and
delay incurred in staircase structured reversible implementation
of CLA are much less than those proposed in the recently
reported works.
Reversible logic may provide a potential solution of such problems. Among various reversible approaches, optical computing has proved to be very significant in achieving high speed since it uses photons in light which have unmatched speed. In the optical computer of the future, the electronic circuits and wires will be replaced by a few optical fibers and films, making the systems more efficient with no interference, more cost effective, lighter and more compact. Based on optical computing, several optical switches have been proposed which have been designed for future applications. One among them is MACH-ZEHNDER INTERFEROMETER (MZI). In this thesis, we have studied behavior of MZI based switch and developed novel approaches for implementation of reversible logic circuits.