The soundness of the banking sector is very important because they play a pivotal role in economi... more The soundness of the banking sector is very important because they play a pivotal role in economic growth. This article sought to investigate the Impacts of political instability on financial institution performance evidence from Ethiopian banks. The study employed 16 out of 26 banks due to the availability of audited panel data from the National Bank of Ethiopia (NBE) and the ministry of finance and economic development (MoFED), for the period ranging from 2013 to 2021. For the study, the panel regression model was employed. The study used two common measures of performance, proxied by either ROA or ROE as the dependent variables. Eight independent variables are also used. The descriptive and multiple linear regression analyses were done. The results documented that political violence & ethnic conflicts, and inflation have a significant negative effect on ROA and ROE, but non-performing loans have a significant and negative effect on ROA and a significant and positive effect on ROE, while deposit volume, operational efficiency, financial risk, and GDP have a positive and significant effect on ROA and ROE. The finding also reveals liquidity has a positive and insignificant effect on ROA and ROE. Political instability is a serious problem for the sustainable development of the country's banking sector. Thus, the study gives worthy acumens for the Government, regulators, and interested parties for enhancing the performance of the banking sector in Ethiopia.
Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 2000
Defining and measuring sustainability is a major challenge. This article argues these limitations... more Defining and measuring sustainability is a major challenge. This article argues these limitations need not stop us from trying to identify and value the possible impacts of what we are doing, or are thinking about doing, over time periods much longer than the lives of our investments, or even of the lives of those of us living today. Sustainability is a relative concept that must be applied in an environment undergoing multiple changes, changes that are occurring over different temporal and spatial scales. We depend on our water resource systems for our survival and welfare. Yet no one expects them to be restored to, or survive in, their most productive pristine states in the face of increasing development pressures for land in their watersheds and for water in their streams, rivers, lakes, and aquifers. A continuing task of water resource planners and managers is to identify the multiple impacts and tradeoffs resulting from what we who are living today may wish to do for ourselves and our immediate children and what we can only guess our yet-to-be-born descendants may wish us to do, or not do, for them in some distant future. This task must involve professionals from other disciplines in a context much broader than just water management. Once these impacts and tradeoffs are identified, it is then up to the political process to make choices when they are in conflict. All of us need to be a part of this decision-making process.
In the present study, climate change effects on surface water availability and crop water demand ... more In the present study, climate change effects on surface water availability and crop water demand (CWD) were evaluated in the Birr watershed (a sub-watershed of Abbay Basin), Ethiopia. The Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX)-Africa data output of Hadley Global Environment Model 2-Earth System (HadGEM2-ES) was selected under the representative concentration pathways (RCP) scenarios. The seasonal and annual streamflow trends in the watershed were assessed using the Mann–Kendall (MK) test and Sen’s slope at 5% significance level. The surface water availability was assessed using the Hydrologiska Byråns Vattenbalansavdelning (HBV) model. The HBV model showed a satisfactory performance during calibration (R2 = 0.89) and validation (R2 = 0.85). The future water availability was simulated under climate change scenarios. The future projected streamflow indicates that minimum flow may decrease under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios, revealing significant downward shifts in the years 2035 and 2055, respectively. Similarly, the 1 day and 7 days maximum flow under RCP8.5 and 90 days flow under RCP4.5 are expected to decrease significantly and a considerable shift may occur in the 2060s and 2030s, respectively. Contrarily, both the minimum and maximum flow may not change significantly under the RCP2.6 scenario. Current and future water demand for the maize crop was estimated using the CROPWAT. The result indicated that irrigation water requirement (IWR) for maize crop may be increased throughout the growing periods, especially, during the development stage. Therefore, this study may contribute to the planning and implementation of the sustainable water resources development strategies and help to mitigate the consequences of climatic change, especially on commonly grown crops in the region.
In the present study, climate change effects on surface water availability and crop water demand ... more In the present study, climate change effects on surface water availability and crop water demand (CWD) were evaluated in the Birr watershed (a sub-watershed of Abbay Basin), Ethiopia. The Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX)-Africa data output of Hadley Global Environment Model 2-Earth System (HadGEM2-ES) was selected under the representative concentration pathways (RCP) scenarios. The seasonal and annual streamflow trends in the watershed were assessed using the Mann–Kendall (MK) test and Sen’s slope at 5% significance level. The surface water availability was assessed using the Hydrologiska Byråns Vattenbalansavdelning (HBV) model. The HBV model showed a satisfactory performance during calibration (R2 = 0.89) and validation (R2 = 0.85). The future water availability was simulated under climate change scenarios. The future projected streamflow indicates that minimum flow may decrease under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios, revealing significant downward shifts in the years 2035 and 2055, respectively. Similarly, the 1 day and 7 days maximum flow under RCP8.5 and 90 days flow under RCP4.5 are expected to decrease significantly and a considerable shift may occur in the 2060s and 2030s, respectively. Contrarily, both the minimum and maximum flow may not change significantly under the RCP2.6 scenario. Current and future water demand for the maize crop was estimated using the CROPWAT. The result indicated that irrigation water requirement (IWR) for maize crop may be increased throughout the growing periods, especially, during the development stage. Therefore, this study may contribute to the planning and implementation of the sustainable water resources development strategies and help to mitigate the consequences of climatic change, especially on commonly grown crops in the region. Keywords CWD · IWR · HBV model · Trend analysis · Climate change · Ethiopia
In the present study, climate change effects on surface water availability and crop water demand ... more In the present study, climate change effects on surface water availability and crop water demand (CWD) were evaluated in the Birr watershed (a sub-watershed of Abbay Basin), Ethiopia. The Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX)-Africa data output of Hadley Global Environment Model 2-Earth System (HadGEM2-ES) was selected under the representative concentration pathways (RCP) scenarios. The seasonal and annual streamflow trends in the watershed were assessed using the Mann–Kendall (MK) test and Sen’s slope at 5% significance level. The surface water availability was assessed using the Hydrologiska Byråns Vattenbalansavdelning (HBV) model. The HBV model showed a satisfactory performance during calibration (R2 = 0.89) and validation (R2 = 0.85). The future water availability was simulated under climate change scenarios. The future projected streamflow indicates that minimum flow may decrease under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios, revealing significant downward shifts in the years 2035 and 2055, respectively. Similarly, the 1 day and 7 days maximum flow under RCP8.5 and 90 days flow under RCP4.5 are expected to decrease significantly and a considerable shift may occur in the 2060s and 2030s, respectively. Contrarily, both the minimum and maximum flow may not change significantly under the RCP2.6 scenario. Current and future water demand for the maize crop was estimated using the CROPWAT. The result indicated that irrigation water requirement (IWR) for maize crop may be increased throughout the growing periods, especially, during the development stage. Therefore, this study may contribute to the planning and implementation of the sustainable water resources development strategies and help to mitigate the consequences of climatic change, especially on commonly grown crops in the region. Keywords CWD · IWR · HBV model · Trend analysis · Climate change · Ethiopia
The soundness of the banking sector is very important because they play a pivotal role in economi... more The soundness of the banking sector is very important because they play a pivotal role in economic growth. This article sought to investigate the Impacts of political instability on financial institution performance evidence from Ethiopian banks. The study employed 16 out of 26 banks due to the availability of audited panel data from the National Bank of Ethiopia (NBE) and the ministry of finance and economic development (MoFED), for the period ranging from 2013 to 2021. For the study, the panel regression model was employed. The study used two common measures of performance, proxied by either ROA or ROE as the dependent variables. Eight independent variables are also used. The descriptive and multiple linear regression analyses were done. The results documented that political violence & ethnic conflicts, and inflation have a significant negative effect on ROA and ROE, but non-performing loans have a significant and negative effect on ROA and a significant and positive effect on ROE, while deposit volume, operational efficiency, financial risk, and GDP have a positive and significant effect on ROA and ROE. The finding also reveals liquidity has a positive and insignificant effect on ROA and ROE. Political instability is a serious problem for the sustainable development of the country's banking sector. Thus, the study gives worthy acumens for the Government, regulators, and interested parties for enhancing the performance of the banking sector in Ethiopia.
Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 2000
Defining and measuring sustainability is a major challenge. This article argues these limitations... more Defining and measuring sustainability is a major challenge. This article argues these limitations need not stop us from trying to identify and value the possible impacts of what we are doing, or are thinking about doing, over time periods much longer than the lives of our investments, or even of the lives of those of us living today. Sustainability is a relative concept that must be applied in an environment undergoing multiple changes, changes that are occurring over different temporal and spatial scales. We depend on our water resource systems for our survival and welfare. Yet no one expects them to be restored to, or survive in, their most productive pristine states in the face of increasing development pressures for land in their watersheds and for water in their streams, rivers, lakes, and aquifers. A continuing task of water resource planners and managers is to identify the multiple impacts and tradeoffs resulting from what we who are living today may wish to do for ourselves and our immediate children and what we can only guess our yet-to-be-born descendants may wish us to do, or not do, for them in some distant future. This task must involve professionals from other disciplines in a context much broader than just water management. Once these impacts and tradeoffs are identified, it is then up to the political process to make choices when they are in conflict. All of us need to be a part of this decision-making process.
In the present study, climate change effects on surface water availability and crop water demand ... more In the present study, climate change effects on surface water availability and crop water demand (CWD) were evaluated in the Birr watershed (a sub-watershed of Abbay Basin), Ethiopia. The Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX)-Africa data output of Hadley Global Environment Model 2-Earth System (HadGEM2-ES) was selected under the representative concentration pathways (RCP) scenarios. The seasonal and annual streamflow trends in the watershed were assessed using the Mann–Kendall (MK) test and Sen’s slope at 5% significance level. The surface water availability was assessed using the Hydrologiska Byråns Vattenbalansavdelning (HBV) model. The HBV model showed a satisfactory performance during calibration (R2 = 0.89) and validation (R2 = 0.85). The future water availability was simulated under climate change scenarios. The future projected streamflow indicates that minimum flow may decrease under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios, revealing significant downward shifts in the years 2035 and 2055, respectively. Similarly, the 1 day and 7 days maximum flow under RCP8.5 and 90 days flow under RCP4.5 are expected to decrease significantly and a considerable shift may occur in the 2060s and 2030s, respectively. Contrarily, both the minimum and maximum flow may not change significantly under the RCP2.6 scenario. Current and future water demand for the maize crop was estimated using the CROPWAT. The result indicated that irrigation water requirement (IWR) for maize crop may be increased throughout the growing periods, especially, during the development stage. Therefore, this study may contribute to the planning and implementation of the sustainable water resources development strategies and help to mitigate the consequences of climatic change, especially on commonly grown crops in the region.
In the present study, climate change effects on surface water availability and crop water demand ... more In the present study, climate change effects on surface water availability and crop water demand (CWD) were evaluated in the Birr watershed (a sub-watershed of Abbay Basin), Ethiopia. The Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX)-Africa data output of Hadley Global Environment Model 2-Earth System (HadGEM2-ES) was selected under the representative concentration pathways (RCP) scenarios. The seasonal and annual streamflow trends in the watershed were assessed using the Mann–Kendall (MK) test and Sen’s slope at 5% significance level. The surface water availability was assessed using the Hydrologiska Byråns Vattenbalansavdelning (HBV) model. The HBV model showed a satisfactory performance during calibration (R2 = 0.89) and validation (R2 = 0.85). The future water availability was simulated under climate change scenarios. The future projected streamflow indicates that minimum flow may decrease under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios, revealing significant downward shifts in the years 2035 and 2055, respectively. Similarly, the 1 day and 7 days maximum flow under RCP8.5 and 90 days flow under RCP4.5 are expected to decrease significantly and a considerable shift may occur in the 2060s and 2030s, respectively. Contrarily, both the minimum and maximum flow may not change significantly under the RCP2.6 scenario. Current and future water demand for the maize crop was estimated using the CROPWAT. The result indicated that irrigation water requirement (IWR) for maize crop may be increased throughout the growing periods, especially, during the development stage. Therefore, this study may contribute to the planning and implementation of the sustainable water resources development strategies and help to mitigate the consequences of climatic change, especially on commonly grown crops in the region. Keywords CWD · IWR · HBV model · Trend analysis · Climate change · Ethiopia
In the present study, climate change effects on surface water availability and crop water demand ... more In the present study, climate change effects on surface water availability and crop water demand (CWD) were evaluated in the Birr watershed (a sub-watershed of Abbay Basin), Ethiopia. The Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX)-Africa data output of Hadley Global Environment Model 2-Earth System (HadGEM2-ES) was selected under the representative concentration pathways (RCP) scenarios. The seasonal and annual streamflow trends in the watershed were assessed using the Mann–Kendall (MK) test and Sen’s slope at 5% significance level. The surface water availability was assessed using the Hydrologiska Byråns Vattenbalansavdelning (HBV) model. The HBV model showed a satisfactory performance during calibration (R2 = 0.89) and validation (R2 = 0.85). The future water availability was simulated under climate change scenarios. The future projected streamflow indicates that minimum flow may decrease under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios, revealing significant downward shifts in the years 2035 and 2055, respectively. Similarly, the 1 day and 7 days maximum flow under RCP8.5 and 90 days flow under RCP4.5 are expected to decrease significantly and a considerable shift may occur in the 2060s and 2030s, respectively. Contrarily, both the minimum and maximum flow may not change significantly under the RCP2.6 scenario. Current and future water demand for the maize crop was estimated using the CROPWAT. The result indicated that irrigation water requirement (IWR) for maize crop may be increased throughout the growing periods, especially, during the development stage. Therefore, this study may contribute to the planning and implementation of the sustainable water resources development strategies and help to mitigate the consequences of climatic change, especially on commonly grown crops in the region. Keywords CWD · IWR · HBV model · Trend analysis · Climate change · Ethiopia
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Papers by Alemu Ademe
the Birr watershed (a sub-watershed of Abbay Basin), Ethiopia. The Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment
(CORDEX)-Africa data output of Hadley Global Environment Model 2-Earth System (HadGEM2-ES) was selected under
the representative concentration pathways (RCP) scenarios. The seasonal and annual streamflow trends in the watershed
were assessed using the Mann–Kendall (MK) test and Sen’s slope at 5% significance level. The surface water availability
was assessed using the Hydrologiska Byråns Vattenbalansavdelning (HBV) model. The HBV model showed a satisfactory
performance during calibration (R2 = 0.89) and validation (R2 = 0.85). The future water availability was simulated under
climate change scenarios. The future projected streamflow indicates that minimum flow may decrease under RCP4.5 and
RCP8.5 scenarios, revealing significant downward shifts in the years 2035 and 2055, respectively. Similarly, the 1 day and
7 days maximum flow under RCP8.5 and 90 days flow under RCP4.5 are expected to decrease significantly and a considerable shift may occur in the 2060s and 2030s, respectively. Contrarily, both the minimum and maximum flow may not
change significantly under the RCP2.6 scenario. Current and future water demand for the maize crop was estimated using
the CROPWAT. The result indicated that irrigation water requirement (IWR) for maize crop may be increased throughout
the growing periods, especially, during the development stage. Therefore, this study may contribute to the planning and
implementation of the sustainable water resources development strategies and help to mitigate the consequences of climatic
change, especially on commonly grown crops in the region.
Keywords CWD · IWR · HBV model · Trend analysis · Climate change · Ethiopia
the Birr watershed (a sub-watershed of Abbay Basin), Ethiopia. The Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment
(CORDEX)-Africa data output of Hadley Global Environment Model 2-Earth System (HadGEM2-ES) was selected under
the representative concentration pathways (RCP) scenarios. The seasonal and annual streamflow trends in the watershed
were assessed using the Mann–Kendall (MK) test and Sen’s slope at 5% significance level. The surface water availability
was assessed using the Hydrologiska Byråns Vattenbalansavdelning (HBV) model. The HBV model showed a satisfactory
performance during calibration (R2 = 0.89) and validation (R2 = 0.85). The future water availability was simulated under
climate change scenarios. The future projected streamflow indicates that minimum flow may decrease under RCP4.5 and
RCP8.5 scenarios, revealing significant downward shifts in the years 2035 and 2055, respectively. Similarly, the 1 day and
7 days maximum flow under RCP8.5 and 90 days flow under RCP4.5 are expected to decrease significantly and a considerable shift may occur in the 2060s and 2030s, respectively. Contrarily, both the minimum and maximum flow may not
change significantly under the RCP2.6 scenario. Current and future water demand for the maize crop was estimated using
the CROPWAT. The result indicated that irrigation water requirement (IWR) for maize crop may be increased throughout
the growing periods, especially, during the development stage. Therefore, this study may contribute to the planning and
implementation of the sustainable water resources development strategies and help to mitigate the consequences of climatic
change, especially on commonly grown crops in the region.
Keywords CWD · IWR · HBV model · Trend analysis · Climate change · Ethiopia
the Birr watershed (a sub-watershed of Abbay Basin), Ethiopia. The Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment
(CORDEX)-Africa data output of Hadley Global Environment Model 2-Earth System (HadGEM2-ES) was selected under
the representative concentration pathways (RCP) scenarios. The seasonal and annual streamflow trends in the watershed
were assessed using the Mann–Kendall (MK) test and Sen’s slope at 5% significance level. The surface water availability
was assessed using the Hydrologiska Byråns Vattenbalansavdelning (HBV) model. The HBV model showed a satisfactory
performance during calibration (R2 = 0.89) and validation (R2 = 0.85). The future water availability was simulated under
climate change scenarios. The future projected streamflow indicates that minimum flow may decrease under RCP4.5 and
RCP8.5 scenarios, revealing significant downward shifts in the years 2035 and 2055, respectively. Similarly, the 1 day and
7 days maximum flow under RCP8.5 and 90 days flow under RCP4.5 are expected to decrease significantly and a considerable shift may occur in the 2060s and 2030s, respectively. Contrarily, both the minimum and maximum flow may not
change significantly under the RCP2.6 scenario. Current and future water demand for the maize crop was estimated using
the CROPWAT. The result indicated that irrigation water requirement (IWR) for maize crop may be increased throughout
the growing periods, especially, during the development stage. Therefore, this study may contribute to the planning and
implementation of the sustainable water resources development strategies and help to mitigate the consequences of climatic
change, especially on commonly grown crops in the region.
Keywords CWD · IWR · HBV model · Trend analysis · Climate change · Ethiopia
the Birr watershed (a sub-watershed of Abbay Basin), Ethiopia. The Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment
(CORDEX)-Africa data output of Hadley Global Environment Model 2-Earth System (HadGEM2-ES) was selected under
the representative concentration pathways (RCP) scenarios. The seasonal and annual streamflow trends in the watershed
were assessed using the Mann–Kendall (MK) test and Sen’s slope at 5% significance level. The surface water availability
was assessed using the Hydrologiska Byråns Vattenbalansavdelning (HBV) model. The HBV model showed a satisfactory
performance during calibration (R2 = 0.89) and validation (R2 = 0.85). The future water availability was simulated under
climate change scenarios. The future projected streamflow indicates that minimum flow may decrease under RCP4.5 and
RCP8.5 scenarios, revealing significant downward shifts in the years 2035 and 2055, respectively. Similarly, the 1 day and
7 days maximum flow under RCP8.5 and 90 days flow under RCP4.5 are expected to decrease significantly and a considerable shift may occur in the 2060s and 2030s, respectively. Contrarily, both the minimum and maximum flow may not
change significantly under the RCP2.6 scenario. Current and future water demand for the maize crop was estimated using
the CROPWAT. The result indicated that irrigation water requirement (IWR) for maize crop may be increased throughout
the growing periods, especially, during the development stage. Therefore, this study may contribute to the planning and
implementation of the sustainable water resources development strategies and help to mitigate the consequences of climatic
change, especially on commonly grown crops in the region.
Keywords CWD · IWR · HBV model · Trend analysis · Climate change · Ethiopia