This study examines the effect of international financial flows, including investments and develo... more This study examines the effect of international financial flows, including investments and development assistance, on the expansion of renewable energy technologies. It also seeks to investigate the impact of the sectoral economy on the proportion of renewable energy consumption in Ethiopia. This study used an explanatory research design and a quantitative research approach. An autoregressive distributed lag model was applied to explore the long and short-term relationship among variables. A time series of data aggregated and disaggregated ranging from 2000 to 2022 was used. According to this study, sustainable finance programs are essential for advancing and aiding renewable energy projects in the long and short term. Ethiopia's use of renewable energy will increase as sustainable finance rises. The main economic sectors determining Ethiopia's consumption of renewable energy in the long and short term include the manufacturing, mining and service industries. This study's findings imply that policies focusing on providing continuous financial support and fostering international cooperation to promote the development of the manufacturing sector are needed. This could include incentives for adopting renewable energy technologies and investing in renewable energy infrastructure. On the other hand, since the service and mining industries negatively impact renewable energy use, there is a need to diversify renewable energy sources beyond these sectors. This could involve promoting renewable energy projects in other sectors, such as manufacturing, agriculture, construction and trade. Based on the findings of this study, it is suggested that policymakers carefully consider the consequences within each economic sector when formulating decisions related to renewable energy. This study is novel in presenting empirical evidence linking renewable energy use to long-and short-term economic growth.
The sector of higher education in Kosovo has witnessed significant during the past two decades, w... more The sector of higher education in Kosovo has witnessed significant during the past two decades, with the establishment of private and public institutions leading to increased participation. However, concerns about the quality and the relevance of the study programs offered by these institutions have emerged. To address these concerns, a research study was conducted to evaluate the impact of ownership type on program quality. Based on the analysis of accreditation data, the study finds no significant differences in quality between private and public institutions. Nonetheless, further research is recommended to examine specific accreditation fields and other factors, including student quality, graduation rates, employment rates, student satisfaction, and academic staff quality, to understand the differences in program quality of private and public higher education institutions in Kosovo.
The construction industry is an important industry that determines the national economy of almost... more The construction industry is an important industry that determines the national economy of almost every country. Due to its productivity, the number of people it employs, and the number of enterprises involved, it is also decisive for other industries. The facilities completed as a result of public works often outlast their dreamers by decades, so it is very important that the construction industry is open to the innovative development of its operations, products and elements that provide infrastructure for others. The basic hypothesis of our study is that although a rapid regeneration took place in the construction industry after the pandemic situation, which is also supported by the number of public procurement procedures for Hungarian public works, the proportion of procedures using innovative solutions is low, as is the case with sustainability aspects. We also assumed that the share of public procurement procedures integrating R&D results and innovation partnerships is low comp...
The research subject is the deposit-refund system of beverage packaging (PET, glass and aluminium... more The research subject is the deposit-refund system of beverage packaging (PET, glass and aluminium) in Hungary, which is under development. For the success of the planned system, it is important to consider the population’s opinion. Therefore, data from a primary questionnaire survey were used for the analyses. This questionnaire was conducted in 2020 and resulted in an evaluable sample of 20,430 people. The study aims to answer the following research questions (Q). Q1. Does the reform of the beverage packaging deposit-refund system in Hungary have a raison d’être? Q2. What are the demographic characteristics (gender, type of residence, qualification) of those who would redeem beverage packaging in their households if the state paid for it? Q3. Do the demographic characteristics and/or the environmental attitudes of individuals significantly influence their perceptions of the planned new system, and how strong is the relationship between them? As for the method for answering the rese...
The aim of the study is to examine how animal protection, especially that of animal specimens, is... more The aim of the study is to examine how animal protection, especially that of animal specimens, is included in the European constitutions. San Marino and the United Kingdom have no classical, written constitutions, hence, a total of 42 European constitutions were studied. Animals typically appear in the constitution as species that, as part of nature and the environment, must be conserved in order to preserve biodiversity. There are only a few constitutions in Europe that reflect a narrowly defined approach to animal protection. According to this, animals as individuals must be protected because of their intrinsic value. The research has shown that 14% (6 countries) of the European countries examined contain both species and specimen protection provisions in their constitutions. The vast majority, 69% (29 countries) included only animal species protection provisions in the constitution. 17% (7 countries) of the European constitutions do not contain a provision based on any of the cri...
Magyarországon az állampolgárok sportolása nagymértékben kötődik a helyi önkormányzatok tevékenys... more Magyarországon az állampolgárok sportolása nagymértékben kötődik a helyi önkormányzatok tevékenységéhez, hiszen a 3178 önkormányzat (Központi Statisztikai Hivatal, KSH, 2019) saját erejéhez mérten helyi rendeletekkel, jelentős támogatásokkal és nem utolsó sorban a létesítmények fenntartásával biztosítja az Alaptörvény XX. cikkében is nevesített testi és lelki egészséghez való jogot a sportolás és a rendszeres testedzés támogatása érdekében. A sportügyek ellátását az önkormányzatok általában háttérintézményekben, saját tulajdonú gazdasági társaságok útján oldják meg, amelyek szabályszerű működése az állam és az önkormányzatok, és leginkább az állampolgárok érdeke. Tanulmányunk – az Állami Számvevőszék vizsgálati jelentései alapján – az egyes hazai önkormányzatok sportügyeivel foglalkozó társaságainak működését elemzi.
One of the means of rationalizing Hungarian waste management -in the context of the waste hierarc... more One of the means of rationalizing Hungarian waste management -in the context of the waste hierarchy-is to increase the rate of waste recycling and reprocessing. Although the Hungarian plastics industry is a very dynamically developing area, the Hungarian legislature has also recognized that the use of certain products is extremely harmful in the long run. Accordingly, stricter measures than the EU directive have been taken and accordingly a number of single-use plastic products are to be banned beginning in July 2021. In addition, in the case of plastic carrier bags, economic tools have been developed and further improved, which, according to Hungarian waste management experts, have the effect of reducing the volume of plastic products concerned. In the course of our research we focused on examining the output, product portfolio and characteristics of the Hungarian plastics industry. In this context we examined, what is the role of the single-use plastics present on the Hungarian market, what are the characteristics of the substitute products and what kind of further steps are needed in the field of Hungarian waste management to comply with the EU targets.
A fenntarthatóság, a fenntartható fejlődés a jelenkor egyik kiemelkedően aktuális és sokat kutato... more A fenntarthatóság, a fenntartható fejlődés a jelenkor egyik kiemelkedően aktuális és sokat kutatott területe. Tanulmányunk a fenntarthatóság fogalmi kereteinek vizsgálata során történeti megközelítést alkalmazva próbál rávilágítani a fenntarthatóság és a fenntartható fejlődés értelmezésének alakulására, valamint a két fogalom közti kapcsolatra. A fenntarthatóság fogalmi meghatározása mellett a mérésére kialakított indikátorokat, illetve indikátorkészleteket mutatjuk be, valamint azok gyakorlati alkalmazása során felmerülő kérdések kerülnek górcső alá. A tanulmány keretein belül megvizsgáljuk a fenntarthatóság társadalompolitikai területének mérésére kialakított mutatókészleteket, és bemutatjuk hazai alakulásukat és teljesülésüket.
Numerous investigations assess the technical, technological, and managerial aspects of disaster r... more Numerous investigations assess the technical, technological, and managerial aspects of disaster response related to large technical systems. This paper deals with the possibility of synthesizing these aspects in a disaster response methodology, thus combining the technical, technological methods, tools, and software with the art of management. Its objective is to develop a preliminary methodology that supports the response management decision making processes related to earthquake-damaged large technical systems. The introduced methodology is demonstrated with the example of railway systems. It utilizes a combination of (i) a probabilistic model of railway system damage caused by earthquakes, (ii) a Markov model related to the damage and recovery phases, (iii) a probabilistic model of aftershocks, (iv) a statistical model of secondary effects, (v) impact models of management support actions, and (vi) response process management supported by a Markov Decision Process. The simulation ...
A magyar sporttörvény előírja a sportszövetségek részére saját sportegészségügyi szabályzataik el... more A magyar sporttörvény előírja a sportszövetségek részére saját sportegészségügyi szabályzataik elkészítését és használatát. Jelen munka során áttekintettük, és az agyrázkódás szempontjából összegeztük a szabályzatokat. Az agyrázkódás súlyos sérülés, amelyre egyes nemzetközi szakszövetségek szabályzatai is külön kitérnek. Az agyat érő sérülésekkel kapcsolatban az orvostudomány a mai napig új megállapításokat tesz, ezért vizsgálatunkat a sporthoz közelebb álló menedzsment szemszögből végeztük, a nemzetközi és hazai szabályzatok áttanulmányozása segítségével. A Magyar Labdarúgó Szövetség (MLSZ) és a Magyar Jégkorong Szövetség (MJSZ) szabályzatában sem a fejsérülésekről, sem az agyrázkódásról nem tesz említést. A Magyar Kosárlabdázók Országos Szövetsége (MKOSZ), a Magyar Kézilabda Szövetség (MKSZ) és a Magyar Röplabda Szövetség (MRSZ) szabályzatai nem elérhetőek a honlapjukon. A Magyar Vízilabda Szövetség (MVLSZ) idevonatkozó szabályzata megemlíti az agyrázkódást, de további protokollt ...
Smart mobility and transportation, in general, are significant elements of smart cities, which ac... more Smart mobility and transportation, in general, are significant elements of smart cities, which account for more than 25% of the total energy consumption related to smart cities. Smart transportation has seven essential sections: leisure, private, public, business, freight, product distribution, and special transport. From the management point of view, transportation can be classified as passive or non-cooperating, semi-active or simple cooperating, active or cooperating, contract-based, and priority transportation. This approach can be applied to public transport and even to passengers of public transport. The transportation system can be widely observed, analyzed, and managed using an extensive distribution network of sensors and actuators integrated into an Internet of Things (IoT) system. The paper briefly discusses the benefits that the IoT can offer for smart city transportation management. It deals with the use of a hierarchical approach to total transportation management, nam...
Railway system as part of the general transportation system is a strategic element that supports ... more Railway system as part of the general transportation system is a strategic element that supports the economy and the society. Its role is continuously rising with rapid industrialization, urbanization, and changes in the society expectations regarding sustainable systems. New and emerging technologies call and permit the augmentation of the railway systems’ disaster management. This paper deals with the development of an improved response management concept related to railways’ damage, caused by earthquakes. The paper synthetizes the latest technologies, engineering, and management methods in one improved response management system. After the concept inspiration, the paper describes the applicable novel models and introduces an improved response management being developed for railway systems, damaged by earthquakes. The concept is verified in simulation. The novelty includes a new approach in the identification of the critical infrastructure, the risk assessment, the prediction of a...
This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
The criminal legislation regarding zoophilia and the legal status of animals were examined in 15 ... more The criminal legislation regarding zoophilia and the legal status of animals were examined in 15 European countries. With regard to zoophilia, answers to the following questions were sought: are sexual acts performed with animals and the possession and distribution of animal pornography criminally punishable? Several aspects of the legal status of animals were examined including: (1) is the protection of individual animals included in the constitution, (2) do animals have a special status beyond mere objects, (3) can we find specific legislative provisions that explicitly state that animals are not simply things, and (4) does the legal system also take the “dignity” of animals into consideration. The assessment of zoophilia and the legal status of animals resulted in two country rankings, which the authors compared with each other. The correlation was not significant (p = 0.3147). At the same time, countries with differentiated criminal legislation for zoophilia were also 3.62 times...
Generally, the development process of the railway transport system is determined by the market pu... more Generally, the development process of the railway transport system is determined by the market pull effects initiated by the economy and society and the market push effects induced by technological progress. The policymakers can provide a balance between these two effects; this results in more effective, safer, and greener future railway systems. In developing countries, the railway systems lag compared to the developed economies. Therefore, the supporting management tools and legal supports for policymakers and strategic management play significant roles in the development of future sustainable transport systems. This paper deals with such required tools and the potential legal framework that support the development of sustainable railway systems in developing countries. The major novelty and advantages of the introduced methodology is the harmonised interaction between society, economic demands, technological development, and regulation. The proposed tools are applied to the Kenya...
This study examines the effect of international financial flows, including investments and develo... more This study examines the effect of international financial flows, including investments and development assistance, on the expansion of renewable energy technologies. It also seeks to investigate the impact of the sectoral economy on the proportion of renewable energy consumption in Ethiopia. This study used an explanatory research design and a quantitative research approach. An autoregressive distributed lag model was applied to explore the long and short-term relationship among variables. A time series of data aggregated and disaggregated ranging from 2000 to 2022 was used. According to this study, sustainable finance programs are essential for advancing and aiding renewable energy projects in the long and short term. Ethiopia's use of renewable energy will increase as sustainable finance rises. The main economic sectors determining Ethiopia's consumption of renewable energy in the long and short term include the manufacturing, mining and service industries. This study's findings imply that policies focusing on providing continuous financial support and fostering international cooperation to promote the development of the manufacturing sector are needed. This could include incentives for adopting renewable energy technologies and investing in renewable energy infrastructure. On the other hand, since the service and mining industries negatively impact renewable energy use, there is a need to diversify renewable energy sources beyond these sectors. This could involve promoting renewable energy projects in other sectors, such as manufacturing, agriculture, construction and trade. Based on the findings of this study, it is suggested that policymakers carefully consider the consequences within each economic sector when formulating decisions related to renewable energy. This study is novel in presenting empirical evidence linking renewable energy use to long-and short-term economic growth.
The sector of higher education in Kosovo has witnessed significant during the past two decades, w... more The sector of higher education in Kosovo has witnessed significant during the past two decades, with the establishment of private and public institutions leading to increased participation. However, concerns about the quality and the relevance of the study programs offered by these institutions have emerged. To address these concerns, a research study was conducted to evaluate the impact of ownership type on program quality. Based on the analysis of accreditation data, the study finds no significant differences in quality between private and public institutions. Nonetheless, further research is recommended to examine specific accreditation fields and other factors, including student quality, graduation rates, employment rates, student satisfaction, and academic staff quality, to understand the differences in program quality of private and public higher education institutions in Kosovo.
The construction industry is an important industry that determines the national economy of almost... more The construction industry is an important industry that determines the national economy of almost every country. Due to its productivity, the number of people it employs, and the number of enterprises involved, it is also decisive for other industries. The facilities completed as a result of public works often outlast their dreamers by decades, so it is very important that the construction industry is open to the innovative development of its operations, products and elements that provide infrastructure for others. The basic hypothesis of our study is that although a rapid regeneration took place in the construction industry after the pandemic situation, which is also supported by the number of public procurement procedures for Hungarian public works, the proportion of procedures using innovative solutions is low, as is the case with sustainability aspects. We also assumed that the share of public procurement procedures integrating R&D results and innovation partnerships is low comp...
The research subject is the deposit-refund system of beverage packaging (PET, glass and aluminium... more The research subject is the deposit-refund system of beverage packaging (PET, glass and aluminium) in Hungary, which is under development. For the success of the planned system, it is important to consider the population’s opinion. Therefore, data from a primary questionnaire survey were used for the analyses. This questionnaire was conducted in 2020 and resulted in an evaluable sample of 20,430 people. The study aims to answer the following research questions (Q). Q1. Does the reform of the beverage packaging deposit-refund system in Hungary have a raison d’être? Q2. What are the demographic characteristics (gender, type of residence, qualification) of those who would redeem beverage packaging in their households if the state paid for it? Q3. Do the demographic characteristics and/or the environmental attitudes of individuals significantly influence their perceptions of the planned new system, and how strong is the relationship between them? As for the method for answering the rese...
The aim of the study is to examine how animal protection, especially that of animal specimens, is... more The aim of the study is to examine how animal protection, especially that of animal specimens, is included in the European constitutions. San Marino and the United Kingdom have no classical, written constitutions, hence, a total of 42 European constitutions were studied. Animals typically appear in the constitution as species that, as part of nature and the environment, must be conserved in order to preserve biodiversity. There are only a few constitutions in Europe that reflect a narrowly defined approach to animal protection. According to this, animals as individuals must be protected because of their intrinsic value. The research has shown that 14% (6 countries) of the European countries examined contain both species and specimen protection provisions in their constitutions. The vast majority, 69% (29 countries) included only animal species protection provisions in the constitution. 17% (7 countries) of the European constitutions do not contain a provision based on any of the cri...
Magyarországon az állampolgárok sportolása nagymértékben kötődik a helyi önkormányzatok tevékenys... more Magyarországon az állampolgárok sportolása nagymértékben kötődik a helyi önkormányzatok tevékenységéhez, hiszen a 3178 önkormányzat (Központi Statisztikai Hivatal, KSH, 2019) saját erejéhez mérten helyi rendeletekkel, jelentős támogatásokkal és nem utolsó sorban a létesítmények fenntartásával biztosítja az Alaptörvény XX. cikkében is nevesített testi és lelki egészséghez való jogot a sportolás és a rendszeres testedzés támogatása érdekében. A sportügyek ellátását az önkormányzatok általában háttérintézményekben, saját tulajdonú gazdasági társaságok útján oldják meg, amelyek szabályszerű működése az állam és az önkormányzatok, és leginkább az állampolgárok érdeke. Tanulmányunk – az Állami Számvevőszék vizsgálati jelentései alapján – az egyes hazai önkormányzatok sportügyeivel foglalkozó társaságainak működését elemzi.
One of the means of rationalizing Hungarian waste management -in the context of the waste hierarc... more One of the means of rationalizing Hungarian waste management -in the context of the waste hierarchy-is to increase the rate of waste recycling and reprocessing. Although the Hungarian plastics industry is a very dynamically developing area, the Hungarian legislature has also recognized that the use of certain products is extremely harmful in the long run. Accordingly, stricter measures than the EU directive have been taken and accordingly a number of single-use plastic products are to be banned beginning in July 2021. In addition, in the case of plastic carrier bags, economic tools have been developed and further improved, which, according to Hungarian waste management experts, have the effect of reducing the volume of plastic products concerned. In the course of our research we focused on examining the output, product portfolio and characteristics of the Hungarian plastics industry. In this context we examined, what is the role of the single-use plastics present on the Hungarian market, what are the characteristics of the substitute products and what kind of further steps are needed in the field of Hungarian waste management to comply with the EU targets.
A fenntarthatóság, a fenntartható fejlődés a jelenkor egyik kiemelkedően aktuális és sokat kutato... more A fenntarthatóság, a fenntartható fejlődés a jelenkor egyik kiemelkedően aktuális és sokat kutatott területe. Tanulmányunk a fenntarthatóság fogalmi kereteinek vizsgálata során történeti megközelítést alkalmazva próbál rávilágítani a fenntarthatóság és a fenntartható fejlődés értelmezésének alakulására, valamint a két fogalom közti kapcsolatra. A fenntarthatóság fogalmi meghatározása mellett a mérésére kialakított indikátorokat, illetve indikátorkészleteket mutatjuk be, valamint azok gyakorlati alkalmazása során felmerülő kérdések kerülnek górcső alá. A tanulmány keretein belül megvizsgáljuk a fenntarthatóság társadalompolitikai területének mérésére kialakított mutatókészleteket, és bemutatjuk hazai alakulásukat és teljesülésüket.
Numerous investigations assess the technical, technological, and managerial aspects of disaster r... more Numerous investigations assess the technical, technological, and managerial aspects of disaster response related to large technical systems. This paper deals with the possibility of synthesizing these aspects in a disaster response methodology, thus combining the technical, technological methods, tools, and software with the art of management. Its objective is to develop a preliminary methodology that supports the response management decision making processes related to earthquake-damaged large technical systems. The introduced methodology is demonstrated with the example of railway systems. It utilizes a combination of (i) a probabilistic model of railway system damage caused by earthquakes, (ii) a Markov model related to the damage and recovery phases, (iii) a probabilistic model of aftershocks, (iv) a statistical model of secondary effects, (v) impact models of management support actions, and (vi) response process management supported by a Markov Decision Process. The simulation ...
A magyar sporttörvény előírja a sportszövetségek részére saját sportegészségügyi szabályzataik el... more A magyar sporttörvény előírja a sportszövetségek részére saját sportegészségügyi szabályzataik elkészítését és használatát. Jelen munka során áttekintettük, és az agyrázkódás szempontjából összegeztük a szabályzatokat. Az agyrázkódás súlyos sérülés, amelyre egyes nemzetközi szakszövetségek szabályzatai is külön kitérnek. Az agyat érő sérülésekkel kapcsolatban az orvostudomány a mai napig új megállapításokat tesz, ezért vizsgálatunkat a sporthoz közelebb álló menedzsment szemszögből végeztük, a nemzetközi és hazai szabályzatok áttanulmányozása segítségével. A Magyar Labdarúgó Szövetség (MLSZ) és a Magyar Jégkorong Szövetség (MJSZ) szabályzatában sem a fejsérülésekről, sem az agyrázkódásról nem tesz említést. A Magyar Kosárlabdázók Országos Szövetsége (MKOSZ), a Magyar Kézilabda Szövetség (MKSZ) és a Magyar Röplabda Szövetség (MRSZ) szabályzatai nem elérhetőek a honlapjukon. A Magyar Vízilabda Szövetség (MVLSZ) idevonatkozó szabályzata megemlíti az agyrázkódást, de további protokollt ...
Smart mobility and transportation, in general, are significant elements of smart cities, which ac... more Smart mobility and transportation, in general, are significant elements of smart cities, which account for more than 25% of the total energy consumption related to smart cities. Smart transportation has seven essential sections: leisure, private, public, business, freight, product distribution, and special transport. From the management point of view, transportation can be classified as passive or non-cooperating, semi-active or simple cooperating, active or cooperating, contract-based, and priority transportation. This approach can be applied to public transport and even to passengers of public transport. The transportation system can be widely observed, analyzed, and managed using an extensive distribution network of sensors and actuators integrated into an Internet of Things (IoT) system. The paper briefly discusses the benefits that the IoT can offer for smart city transportation management. It deals with the use of a hierarchical approach to total transportation management, nam...
Railway system as part of the general transportation system is a strategic element that supports ... more Railway system as part of the general transportation system is a strategic element that supports the economy and the society. Its role is continuously rising with rapid industrialization, urbanization, and changes in the society expectations regarding sustainable systems. New and emerging technologies call and permit the augmentation of the railway systems’ disaster management. This paper deals with the development of an improved response management concept related to railways’ damage, caused by earthquakes. The paper synthetizes the latest technologies, engineering, and management methods in one improved response management system. After the concept inspiration, the paper describes the applicable novel models and introduces an improved response management being developed for railway systems, damaged by earthquakes. The concept is verified in simulation. The novelty includes a new approach in the identification of the critical infrastructure, the risk assessment, the prediction of a...
This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
The criminal legislation regarding zoophilia and the legal status of animals were examined in 15 ... more The criminal legislation regarding zoophilia and the legal status of animals were examined in 15 European countries. With regard to zoophilia, answers to the following questions were sought: are sexual acts performed with animals and the possession and distribution of animal pornography criminally punishable? Several aspects of the legal status of animals were examined including: (1) is the protection of individual animals included in the constitution, (2) do animals have a special status beyond mere objects, (3) can we find specific legislative provisions that explicitly state that animals are not simply things, and (4) does the legal system also take the “dignity” of animals into consideration. The assessment of zoophilia and the legal status of animals resulted in two country rankings, which the authors compared with each other. The correlation was not significant (p = 0.3147). At the same time, countries with differentiated criminal legislation for zoophilia were also 3.62 times...
Generally, the development process of the railway transport system is determined by the market pu... more Generally, the development process of the railway transport system is determined by the market pull effects initiated by the economy and society and the market push effects induced by technological progress. The policymakers can provide a balance between these two effects; this results in more effective, safer, and greener future railway systems. In developing countries, the railway systems lag compared to the developed economies. Therefore, the supporting management tools and legal supports for policymakers and strategic management play significant roles in the development of future sustainable transport systems. This paper deals with such required tools and the potential legal framework that support the development of sustainable railway systems in developing countries. The major novelty and advantages of the introduced methodology is the harmonised interaction between society, economic demands, technological development, and regulation. The proposed tools are applied to the Kenya...
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