Papers by Bernd Zimanowski
One of the still open question in volcano-seismology concerns the quantitative de- scription of t... more One of the still open question in volcano-seismology concerns the quantitative de- scription of the seismic radiation caused during volcanic explosions. Many models have been proposed in the past, but it was not possible yet to find a standard de- scription similar to the double couple in earthquake seismology. Trying to solve this problem, the number of parameters that influence
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Physical Review E, 1998
We propose a phenomenological model for explosive water-melt interactions. Thermohydraulic fractu... more We propose a phenomenological model for explosive water-melt interactions. Thermohydraulic fracturing was experimentally identified to be the main contributor to explosive energy release. We found experimental evidence that the model is applicable for a variety of melt compositions with very different thermal and rheological properties. The proposed mechanism does not require special premixing conditions. The pre-explosive geometries yielding the most
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Experiments in volcano-ice interaction were carried out to explain and quantify processes of heat... more Experiments in volcano-ice interaction were carried out to explain and quantify processes of heat transfer from magma to water and ice in phreatomagmatic and subglacial eruptions. Special emphasis was placed on laboratory experiments using re-melted rocks and ice. Settings studied so far are: (1) lava-ice contact where magma or hot rocks and ice have a common interface in a semi-static setting, a very common occurrence when lavas flow adjacent to ice, and (2) hot jets of steam or water impacting on ice, a useful analogue to energetic geothermal upwelling or fully subglacial volcanic eruptions. For the lava ice contact a setup was built at the Volcanological Laboratory at the University of Würzburg where volcanic rock are heated up and melted for experiments. Experiments included pouring of melt over ice and by placing a block of ice on top of a batch of magma. Melting rates and temperatures at various parts of the system were measured as a function of time. At the University of Icel...
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Bulletin of Volcanology, 2014
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Pyroclastic flows are ground hugging, hot, gas-particle flows. They represent the most hazardous ... more Pyroclastic flows are ground hugging, hot, gas-particle flows. They represent the most hazardous events of explosive volcanism, one striking example being the famous historical eruption of Pompeii (AD 79) at Vesuvius. Much of our knowledge on the mechanics of pyroclastic flows comes from theoretical models and numerical simulations. Valuable data are also stored in the geological record of past eruptions,
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Discrete explosive bursts, or explosions, are known from many volcanic eruptions. In maar-diatrem... more Discrete explosive bursts, or explosions, are known from many volcanic eruptions. In maar-diatreme eruptions, they have occurred in debris-filled volcanic vents when magma interacted with groundwater, implying that material mobilized by such explosions passed through the overlying and enclosing debris to reach the surface. Although other studies have addressed the form and characteristics of craters formed by discrete explosions in
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High Temperatures-High Pressures, 2002
ABSTRACT To simulate and predict the behaviour of a lava flow, it is essential to have a thorough... more ABSTRACT To simulate and predict the behaviour of a lava flow, it is essential to have a thorough knowledge of its thermophysical properties. Therefore, thermal conductivity, specific heat, and viscosity of volcanic rock material were determined in a wide temperature range. Especially, the properties of the molten material were investigated in detail. The material was taken from the Pietre-Cotte lava flow located on the isle of Vulcano, north of Sicily. The thermal conductivity of the material was determined in the temperature range 293 - 1623 K by the hot-wire method. Melting occurs above HOOK The specific heat was measured by differential scanning calorimetry between 347 and 1671 K. The viscosity of the lava melt was determined with a rotational viscometer HAAKE M5. The viscometer was enclosed in a high-temperature furnace optimised for the temperature range 1373 - 1598 K.
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Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, 2007
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Nuclear Engineering and Design, 1995
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Nature, 1999
... We find that surface features of ash grains can be used to identify the dynamic contact of ma... more ... We find that surface features of ash grains can be used to identify the dynamic contact of magma with liquid water. ... Deadline: Jun 18 2011; Reward: Varies. Material supply of non-commercial compounds matching the shown core structure is desired. The Seek
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Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 2007
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Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 2011
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Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 2008
Discrete explosive bursts are known from many volcanic eruptions. In maar–diatreme eruptions, the... more Discrete explosive bursts are known from many volcanic eruptions. In maar–diatreme eruptions, they have occurred in debris-filled volcanic vents when magma interacted with groundwater, implying that material mobilized by such explosions passed through the overlying and enclosing debris to reach the surface. Although other studies have addressed the form and characteristics of craters formed by discrete explosions in unconsolidated material,
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Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 2002
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Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 2002
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Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 1998
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Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 1998
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Journal of Geophysical Research, 2006
The release of kinetic energy during explosive volcanic eruptions is a key parameter for hazard a... more The release of kinetic energy during explosive volcanic eruptions is a key parameter for hazard assessment and civil defense. The explosive production of volcanic ash by intensive fragmentation of magma and host rocks represents a substantial part of this energy. For cases of explosive eruption where predominantly host rock was fragmented (phreatomagmatic eruptions) to form the major part of volcanic
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Journal of Geophysical Research, 2008
... Adapted from Siebe et al. [1993] and Siebert and Carrasco-Nún˜ez [2002]. B11201 AUSTIN-ERICKS... more ... Adapted from Siebe et al. [1993] and Siebert and Carrasco-Nún˜ez [2002]. B11201 AUSTIN-ERICKSON ET AL.: PHREATOMAGMATIC EXPLOSIONS OF RHYOLITE 3 of 12 B11201 Page 4. ... al., 2003; Rust et al., 2004; Castro et al., 2005; Gonnermann and Manga, 2005]. ...
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Journal of Geophysical Research, 2007
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Papers by Bernd Zimanowski