Groundnut rust (Puccinia arachidis Speg.) was first noted in India in 1969. Since then it has bee... more Groundnut rust (Puccinia arachidis Speg.) was first noted in India in 1969. Since then it has been recorded in many parts of the country and must now be regarded as a well-established pathogen. It is likely that the present trend to continuous cultivation of groundnuts in parts of India has contributed to the increasing economic importance of this disease by
Preharvest seed infection byAspergillus flavus and aflatoxin contamination in selected groundnut ... more Preharvest seed infection byAspergillus flavus and aflatoxin contamination in selected groundnut genotypes (fourA. flavus-resistant and fourA. flavus-susceptible) were examined in different soil types at several locations in India in 1985–1990. Undamaged mature pods were sampled at harvest and seed examined forA. flavus infection and aflatoxin content in two or more trials at ICRISAT Center on light sandy soils and red sandy loam soils (Alfisols), and on Vertisols, at Anantapur on light sandy soils, and at Dharwad and Parbhani on Vertisols. Rainy season trials (1985–1989) were all rainfed. Post-rainy season trials were irrigated; late-season drought stress (90 days after sowing (DAS) until harvest at 125 DAS) was imposed in the 1987/88 and 1989/90 seasons.A. flavus infection and aflatoxin contamination levels were much lower in seed of all genotypes from Vertisols than in seed from Alfisols across locations and seasons. Vertisols also had significantly lower populations ofA. flavus than Alfisols. There were no marked differences between light sandy soils and red sandy loam soils (Alfisols) in respect of seed infection byA. flavus and aflatoxin contamination. Significant interactions between genotypes and soil types were evident, especially in theA. flavus-susceptible genotypes. Irrespective of soil types,A. flavus-resistant genotypes showed lower levels of seed infection byA. flavus and other fungi than didA. flavus-susceptible genotypes. The significance of the low preharvest aflatoxin risk in groundnuts grown on Vertisols is highlighted.
Sclerotium rolfsii‐caused stem and pod rots are major constraints to groundnut production in many... more Sclerotium rolfsii‐caused stem and pod rots are major constraints to groundnut production in many groundnut‐growing regions, and pose a serious threat to post‐rainy and summer season groundnuts in expanding irrigated production systems. Considerable research has been carried out on the management of these diseases. The most relevant literature is reviewed and future research strategies are indicated.
An Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer protocol was developed for the diploid cotton Gossypium a... more An Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer protocol was developed for the diploid cotton Gossypium arboreum using meristematic cells of shoot tips, followed by direct shoot organogenesis or multiple shoot induction of putative transformants. Seven-day-old shoot tips of in vitro-germinated seedlings of G. arboreum cv. RG8 were excised by removing cotyledonary leaves and providing "V"-shaped oblique cuts on either side of explants. Excised explants were inoculated with an overnight-grown culture of Agrobacterium tumefaciens carrying a plant cloning vector harboring the cry1Ac gene. The explants were co-cultivated in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 30 mg/L acetosyringone, 100 mg/L myoinositol, 10 mg/L thiamine, and 30 g/L glucose for three days in the dark. Following co-cultivation, explants were incubated on the same medium supplemented with 20 mg/L kanamycin, for first three passages of 10-12 days each and subsequently on 50 mg/L kanamycin to facilitate stable expression of transgene. Explants were then transferred to a fresh MS medium supplemented with either kinetin (0.1 mg/L), myoinositol (100 mg/L), thiamine (10 mg/L) and glucose (30 g/L) or benzyl adenine, BA (2 mg/L), kinetin (1 mg/L), myoinositol (100 mg/L), thiamine (10 mg/L), and glucose (30 g/L) to induce either single or multiple putative transformant shoots, respectively. Following 6 weeks, shoots were transferred to a rooting medium consisting of liquid MS supplemented with 0.05-0.1 mg/L NAA and glucose (15 g/L). Rooted plantlets were first acclimatized in liquid MS with 0.05 mg/L NAA and 15 g/L glucose, transferred to plastic pots containing soilrite Mix-TC (a mixture of Irish peat moss and horticultural grade expanded perlite, 75:25), and grown under controlled temperature and humidity conditions in a growth chamber. Acclimatized plants were then transferred to clay pots and grown in the greenhouse. These plants were confirmed as transgenic for cry1Ac gene using polymerase chain reaction, enzyme linked imunosorbent assay, and Southern blot analyses.
... V. Gotmare, P. Singh, CD Mayee, V. Deshpande and C. Bhagat Central Institute for ... Abstract... more ... V. Gotmare, P. Singh, CD Mayee, V. Deshpande and C. Bhagat Central Institute for ... Abstract A 3-year study was made on genetic variability of seed oil content and seed index with 20 wild species, two cultivated species and six perennial races of Gossypium arboreum cotton ...
A simple lateral-flow immuno-chromatographic 'dipstick' kit was developed in a ... more A simple lateral-flow immuno-chromatographic 'dipstick' kit was developed in a novel single strip format to test/verify the label claim of active ingredient in commercial insecticide formulations of endosulfan and the type-II synthetic pyrethroids, cypermethrin, deltamethrin and ...
Two-year field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of fertilizer with or without fa... more Two-year field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of fertilizer with or without farmyard manure (FYM) application on cotton productivity and fibre quality. A partial nutrient balance was calculated by the difference method (nutrient applied--crop removal). Seed cotton yield was improved with addition of FYM (5 Mg ha À1 ). Application of both N and P resulted in significant improvements in seed cotton yield than the control and without N plots (PK). Uniformity ratio and ginning outturn (GOT) was greater in the FYM amended plots than the plots without FYM. Nitrogen and P balance was positive in the fertilizer-N and P applied plots whereas K balance was negative in spite of the addition of fertilizer-K. Potassium balance was positive only when FYM was applied. These studies suggest that it is advantageous to apply FYM as it improves fibre yield by way of improved GOT and maintains a positive nutrient balance.
Groundnut rust (Puccinia arachidis Speg.) was first noted in India in 1969. Since then it has bee... more Groundnut rust (Puccinia arachidis Speg.) was first noted in India in 1969. Since then it has been recorded in many parts of the country and must now be regarded as a well-established pathogen. It is likely that the present trend to continuous cultivation of groundnuts in parts of India has contributed to the increasing economic importance of this disease by
Preharvest seed infection byAspergillus flavus and aflatoxin contamination in selected groundnut ... more Preharvest seed infection byAspergillus flavus and aflatoxin contamination in selected groundnut genotypes (fourA. flavus-resistant and fourA. flavus-susceptible) were examined in different soil types at several locations in India in 1985–1990. Undamaged mature pods were sampled at harvest and seed examined forA. flavus infection and aflatoxin content in two or more trials at ICRISAT Center on light sandy soils and red sandy loam soils (Alfisols), and on Vertisols, at Anantapur on light sandy soils, and at Dharwad and Parbhani on Vertisols. Rainy season trials (1985–1989) were all rainfed. Post-rainy season trials were irrigated; late-season drought stress (90 days after sowing (DAS) until harvest at 125 DAS) was imposed in the 1987/88 and 1989/90 seasons.A. flavus infection and aflatoxin contamination levels were much lower in seed of all genotypes from Vertisols than in seed from Alfisols across locations and seasons. Vertisols also had significantly lower populations ofA. flavus than Alfisols. There were no marked differences between light sandy soils and red sandy loam soils (Alfisols) in respect of seed infection byA. flavus and aflatoxin contamination. Significant interactions between genotypes and soil types were evident, especially in theA. flavus-susceptible genotypes. Irrespective of soil types,A. flavus-resistant genotypes showed lower levels of seed infection byA. flavus and other fungi than didA. flavus-susceptible genotypes. The significance of the low preharvest aflatoxin risk in groundnuts grown on Vertisols is highlighted.
Sclerotium rolfsii‐caused stem and pod rots are major constraints to groundnut production in many... more Sclerotium rolfsii‐caused stem and pod rots are major constraints to groundnut production in many groundnut‐growing regions, and pose a serious threat to post‐rainy and summer season groundnuts in expanding irrigated production systems. Considerable research has been carried out on the management of these diseases. The most relevant literature is reviewed and future research strategies are indicated.
An Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer protocol was developed for the diploid cotton Gossypium a... more An Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer protocol was developed for the diploid cotton Gossypium arboreum using meristematic cells of shoot tips, followed by direct shoot organogenesis or multiple shoot induction of putative transformants. Seven-day-old shoot tips of in vitro-germinated seedlings of G. arboreum cv. RG8 were excised by removing cotyledonary leaves and providing "V"-shaped oblique cuts on either side of explants. Excised explants were inoculated with an overnight-grown culture of Agrobacterium tumefaciens carrying a plant cloning vector harboring the cry1Ac gene. The explants were co-cultivated in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 30 mg/L acetosyringone, 100 mg/L myoinositol, 10 mg/L thiamine, and 30 g/L glucose for three days in the dark. Following co-cultivation, explants were incubated on the same medium supplemented with 20 mg/L kanamycin, for first three passages of 10-12 days each and subsequently on 50 mg/L kanamycin to facilitate stable expression of transgene. Explants were then transferred to a fresh MS medium supplemented with either kinetin (0.1 mg/L), myoinositol (100 mg/L), thiamine (10 mg/L) and glucose (30 g/L) or benzyl adenine, BA (2 mg/L), kinetin (1 mg/L), myoinositol (100 mg/L), thiamine (10 mg/L), and glucose (30 g/L) to induce either single or multiple putative transformant shoots, respectively. Following 6 weeks, shoots were transferred to a rooting medium consisting of liquid MS supplemented with 0.05-0.1 mg/L NAA and glucose (15 g/L). Rooted plantlets were first acclimatized in liquid MS with 0.05 mg/L NAA and 15 g/L glucose, transferred to plastic pots containing soilrite Mix-TC (a mixture of Irish peat moss and horticultural grade expanded perlite, 75:25), and grown under controlled temperature and humidity conditions in a growth chamber. Acclimatized plants were then transferred to clay pots and grown in the greenhouse. These plants were confirmed as transgenic for cry1Ac gene using polymerase chain reaction, enzyme linked imunosorbent assay, and Southern blot analyses.
... V. Gotmare, P. Singh, CD Mayee, V. Deshpande and C. Bhagat Central Institute for ... Abstract... more ... V. Gotmare, P. Singh, CD Mayee, V. Deshpande and C. Bhagat Central Institute for ... Abstract A 3-year study was made on genetic variability of seed oil content and seed index with 20 wild species, two cultivated species and six perennial races of Gossypium arboreum cotton ...
A simple lateral-flow immuno-chromatographic 'dipstick' kit was developed in a ... more A simple lateral-flow immuno-chromatographic 'dipstick' kit was developed in a novel single strip format to test/verify the label claim of active ingredient in commercial insecticide formulations of endosulfan and the type-II synthetic pyrethroids, cypermethrin, deltamethrin and ...
Two-year field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of fertilizer with or without fa... more Two-year field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of fertilizer with or without farmyard manure (FYM) application on cotton productivity and fibre quality. A partial nutrient balance was calculated by the difference method (nutrient applied--crop removal). Seed cotton yield was improved with addition of FYM (5 Mg ha À1 ). Application of both N and P resulted in significant improvements in seed cotton yield than the control and without N plots (PK). Uniformity ratio and ginning outturn (GOT) was greater in the FYM amended plots than the plots without FYM. Nitrogen and P balance was positive in the fertilizer-N and P applied plots whereas K balance was negative in spite of the addition of fertilizer-K. Potassium balance was positive only when FYM was applied. These studies suggest that it is advantageous to apply FYM as it improves fibre yield by way of improved GOT and maintains a positive nutrient balance.
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