Background: Nonhuman primates have similar shoulder anatomy and physiology compared to humans, an... more Background: Nonhuman primates have similar shoulder anatomy and physiology compared to humans, and may represent a previously underutilized model for shoulder research. This study sought to identify naturally occurring bony and muscular degeneration in the shoulder of nonhuman primates and to assess relationships between structural and functional aspects of the shoulder and measures of physical function of the animals. We hypothesized that age-related degenerative changes in the shoulders of nonhuman primates would resemble those observed in aging humans. Methods: Middle-aged (n ¼ 5; ages 9.4-11.8 years) and elderly (n ¼ 6; ages 19.8-26.4 years) female vervet monkeys were studied for changes in mobility and shoulder function, and radiographic and histologic signs of age-related degeneration. Results: Four out of 6 (4/6) elderly animals had degenerative changes of the glenoid compared to 0/5 of the middle-aged animals (P ¼ .005). Elderly animals had glenoid retroversion, decreased joint space, walked slower, and spent less time climbing and hanging than middle-aged vervets (P < .05). Physical mobility and shoulder function correlated with glenoid version angle (P < .05). Supraspinatus muscles of elderly animals were less dense (P ¼ .001), had decreased fiber cross-sectional area (P < .001), but similar amounts of nuclear material (P ¼ .085). Degenerative rotator cuff tears were not observed in any of the eleven animals.
Increased adrenal cortical activity and hypertrophy of adrenal glands associated with defeat and ... more Increased adrenal cortical activity and hypertrophy of adrenal glands associated with defeat and social subordination have been reported frequently in small mammals; these adrenal changes have been linked to impairments in immune response, glucose metabolism and reproductive performance. Similar studies in primates have produced variable results. The current study was undertaken to illuminate the effects of social status on the adrenal gland and to examine concurrent effects of social variables on other physiological systems in Macaca fascicularis, in an initial exploration of the hypothesis that high and low social status have different physiological consequences. Sixty adult male M. fascicularis were housed in social groups of n = 5, under either stable or unstable social conditions. It was found that subordinate animals had heavier adrenal glands and somewhat higher plasma glucose concentrations than dominants. In contrast, dominants had higher blood pressure and worsened atheros...
The following features of RAPSAT are described: performance requirements, operations, onboard pro... more The following features of RAPSAT are described: performance requirements, operations, onboard processor architecture, and power and spectrum requirements. The proposed RAPSAT would provide surveillance and data link services for aviation. A feasibility study conducted over the past year shows the system can serve 50000 peak instantaneous users with a total aircraft-to-satellite bandwidth of 4.5 MHz. The results reflect realistic message sizes and frequencies, plus the projected geographic distribution of air traffic in the year 2010. The system offers both automatic dependent surveillance and cooperative independent surveillance services. It uses two or more geostationary satellites, a cross link for coordination between the satellites, and an onboard processor for each satellite. By carefully scheduling discrete polls to aircraft, the system prevents garbling of aircraft replies at the satellite receive antenna and thus achieves higher spectral efficiency than previously proposed satellite-based surveillance systems
We report here on the social behavior of 30 adult male cynomolgus monkeys, maintained in social g... more We report here on the social behavior of 30 adult male cynomolgus monkeys, maintained in social groups of five animals each and assigned for 22 months to one of two dietary conditions: a) &quot;luxury&quot;--relatively high fat, high cholesterol (43% calories from fat, 0.34 mg cholesterol/Calorie of diet); or b) &quot;prudent&quot;--relatively low fat, low cholesterol (30% calories from fat, 0.05 mg cholesterol/Calorie of diet). The dietary manipulation resulted in higher total serum cholesterol (TSC) and lower high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) concentrations in luxury diet animals than in their prudent diet counterparts (p&#39;s less than 0.05). Additionally, we monitored the occurrence of 21 behavioral acts frequently exhibited by this species in captivity. Of these behaviors, only contact aggression differed between dietary conditions (p less than 0.03), with prudent diet monkeys initiating more aggression than luxury diet animals. These results are consistent with studies linking relatively low serum cholesterol concentrations to violent or antisocial behavior in psychiatric and criminal populations and could be relevant to understanding the significant increase in violence-related mortality observed among people assigned to cholesterol-lowering treatment in clinical trials.
Reversible phosphorylation is one of the major mechanisms of signal transduction, and signaling n... more Reversible phosphorylation is one of the major mechanisms of signal transduction, and signaling networks are critical regulators of cell growth and development. However, few of these networks have been delineated completely. Towards this end, quantitative phosphoproteomics is emerging as a useful tool enabling large-scale determination of relative phosphorylation levels. However, phosphoproteomics differs from classical proteomics by a more extensive sampling limitation due to the limited number of detectable sites per protein. Here, we propose a comprehensive quantitative analysis pipeline customized for phosphoproteome data from interventional experiments for identifying key proteins in specific pathways, discovering the protein-protein interactions and inferring the signaling network. We also made an effort to partially compensate for the missing value problem, a chronic issue for proteomics studies. The dataset used for this study was generated using SILAC (Stable Isotope Labeling with Amino acids in Cell culture) technique with interventional experiments (kinase-dead mutations). The major components of the pipeline include phosphopeptide meta-analysis, correlation network analysis and causal relationship discovery. We have successfully applied our pipeline to interventional experiments identifying phosphorylation events underlying the transition to a filamentous growth form in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We identified 5 high-confidence proteins from meta-analysis, and 19 hub proteins from correlation analysis (Pbi2p and Hsp42p were identified by both analyses). All these proteins are involved in stress responses. Nine of them have direct or indirect evidence of involvement in filamentous growth. In addition, we tested four of our predicted proteins, Nth1p, Pbi2p, Pdr12p and Rcn2p, by interventional phenotypic experiments and all of them present differential invasive growth, providing prospective validation of our approach. This comprehensive pipeline presents a systematic way for discovering signaling networks using interventional phosphoproteome data and can suggest candidate proteins for further investigation. We anticipate the methodology to be applicable as well to other interventional studies via different experimental platforms.
In the ranging and processing mobile-satellite (RAPSAT) system, aircraft position is estimated fr... more In the ranging and processing mobile-satellite (RAPSAT) system, aircraft position is estimated from the aircraft altitude in conjunction with the aircraft range (signal transit time) to two surveillance satellites. Due to large variations in atmospheric conditions, altimeter readings deviate significantly from the true geometric altitudes. As a result, the aircraft position estimation accuracy of satellite surveillance systems, such as RAPSAT, may be degraded. The authors model the spatial and temporal deviations between pressure altitudes and true geometric altitudes, and the results are applied to characterize the position estimation error of the RAPSAT system. The results show that the geometric altitude deviated widely from the pressure altitude at different latitudes and altitudes, but the altitude difference remained constant at the same latitudes and altitudes. As a result, these altitude deviations can be modeled as a constant correction over the same latitudes and altitudes...
Nonhuman primates have similar shoulder anatomy and physiology compared to humans, and may repres... more Nonhuman primates have similar shoulder anatomy and physiology compared to humans, and may represent a previously underutilized model for shoulder research. This study sought to identify naturally occurring bony and muscular degeneration in the shoulder of nonhuman primates and to assess relationships between structural and functional aspects of the shoulder and measures of physical function of the animals. We hypothesized that age-related degenerative changes in the shoulders of nonhuman primates would resemble those observed in aging humans. Middle-aged (n = 5; ages 9.4-11.8 years) and elderly (n = 6; ages 19.8-26.4 years) female vervet monkeys were studied for changes in mobility and shoulder function, and radiographic and histologic signs of age-related degeneration. Four out of 6 (4/6) elderly animals had degenerative changes of the glenoid compared to 0/5 of the middle-aged animals (P = .005). Elderly animals had glenoid retroversion, decreased joint space, walked slower, and spent less time climbing and hanging than middle-aged vervets (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; .05). Physical mobility and shoulder function correlated with glenoid version angle (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; .05). Supraspinatus muscles of elderly animals were less dense (P = .001), had decreased fiber cross-sectional area (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; .001), but similar amounts of nuclear material (P = .085). Degenerative rotator cuff tears were not observed in any of the eleven animals. The vervet monkey naturally undergoes age-related functional, radiographic and histological changes of the shoulder, and may qualify as an animal model for selected translational research of shoulder osteoarthritis.
Current animal models of depression are inadequate to further our understanding of depression. Ne... more Current animal models of depression are inadequate to further our understanding of depression. New models that allow for analysis of cognitive function and sex differences are needed. To characterize serotonin 1A (5-HT(1A)) receptor binding potential (BP) and its relationship with specific characteristics of behavioral depression in cynomolgus monkeys. A 23-month case-control study. Small social groups in the laboratory. Subjects Seventeen adult female cynomolgus monkeys. Serotonin 1A receptor BP was examined by positron emission tomography using the radioligand…
Background: Nonhuman primates have similar shoulder anatomy and physiology compared to humans, an... more Background: Nonhuman primates have similar shoulder anatomy and physiology compared to humans, and may represent a previously underutilized model for shoulder research. This study sought to identify naturally occurring bony and muscular degeneration in the shoulder of nonhuman primates and to assess relationships between structural and functional aspects of the shoulder and measures of physical function of the animals. We hypothesized that age-related degenerative changes in the shoulders of nonhuman primates would resemble those observed in aging humans. Methods: Middle-aged (n ¼ 5; ages 9.4-11.8 years) and elderly (n ¼ 6; ages 19.8-26.4 years) female vervet monkeys were studied for changes in mobility and shoulder function, and radiographic and histologic signs of age-related degeneration. Results: Four out of 6 (4/6) elderly animals had degenerative changes of the glenoid compared to 0/5 of the middle-aged animals (P ¼ .005). Elderly animals had glenoid retroversion, decreased joint space, walked slower, and spent less time climbing and hanging than middle-aged vervets (P < .05). Physical mobility and shoulder function correlated with glenoid version angle (P < .05). Supraspinatus muscles of elderly animals were less dense (P ¼ .001), had decreased fiber cross-sectional area (P < .001), but similar amounts of nuclear material (P ¼ .085). Degenerative rotator cuff tears were not observed in any of the eleven animals.
Increased adrenal cortical activity and hypertrophy of adrenal glands associated with defeat and ... more Increased adrenal cortical activity and hypertrophy of adrenal glands associated with defeat and social subordination have been reported frequently in small mammals; these adrenal changes have been linked to impairments in immune response, glucose metabolism and reproductive performance. Similar studies in primates have produced variable results. The current study was undertaken to illuminate the effects of social status on the adrenal gland and to examine concurrent effects of social variables on other physiological systems in Macaca fascicularis, in an initial exploration of the hypothesis that high and low social status have different physiological consequences. Sixty adult male M. fascicularis were housed in social groups of n = 5, under either stable or unstable social conditions. It was found that subordinate animals had heavier adrenal glands and somewhat higher plasma glucose concentrations than dominants. In contrast, dominants had higher blood pressure and worsened atheros...
The following features of RAPSAT are described: performance requirements, operations, onboard pro... more The following features of RAPSAT are described: performance requirements, operations, onboard processor architecture, and power and spectrum requirements. The proposed RAPSAT would provide surveillance and data link services for aviation. A feasibility study conducted over the past year shows the system can serve 50000 peak instantaneous users with a total aircraft-to-satellite bandwidth of 4.5 MHz. The results reflect realistic message sizes and frequencies, plus the projected geographic distribution of air traffic in the year 2010. The system offers both automatic dependent surveillance and cooperative independent surveillance services. It uses two or more geostationary satellites, a cross link for coordination between the satellites, and an onboard processor for each satellite. By carefully scheduling discrete polls to aircraft, the system prevents garbling of aircraft replies at the satellite receive antenna and thus achieves higher spectral efficiency than previously proposed satellite-based surveillance systems
We report here on the social behavior of 30 adult male cynomolgus monkeys, maintained in social g... more We report here on the social behavior of 30 adult male cynomolgus monkeys, maintained in social groups of five animals each and assigned for 22 months to one of two dietary conditions: a) &quot;luxury&quot;--relatively high fat, high cholesterol (43% calories from fat, 0.34 mg cholesterol/Calorie of diet); or b) &quot;prudent&quot;--relatively low fat, low cholesterol (30% calories from fat, 0.05 mg cholesterol/Calorie of diet). The dietary manipulation resulted in higher total serum cholesterol (TSC) and lower high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) concentrations in luxury diet animals than in their prudent diet counterparts (p&#39;s less than 0.05). Additionally, we monitored the occurrence of 21 behavioral acts frequently exhibited by this species in captivity. Of these behaviors, only contact aggression differed between dietary conditions (p less than 0.03), with prudent diet monkeys initiating more aggression than luxury diet animals. These results are consistent with studies linking relatively low serum cholesterol concentrations to violent or antisocial behavior in psychiatric and criminal populations and could be relevant to understanding the significant increase in violence-related mortality observed among people assigned to cholesterol-lowering treatment in clinical trials.
Reversible phosphorylation is one of the major mechanisms of signal transduction, and signaling n... more Reversible phosphorylation is one of the major mechanisms of signal transduction, and signaling networks are critical regulators of cell growth and development. However, few of these networks have been delineated completely. Towards this end, quantitative phosphoproteomics is emerging as a useful tool enabling large-scale determination of relative phosphorylation levels. However, phosphoproteomics differs from classical proteomics by a more extensive sampling limitation due to the limited number of detectable sites per protein. Here, we propose a comprehensive quantitative analysis pipeline customized for phosphoproteome data from interventional experiments for identifying key proteins in specific pathways, discovering the protein-protein interactions and inferring the signaling network. We also made an effort to partially compensate for the missing value problem, a chronic issue for proteomics studies. The dataset used for this study was generated using SILAC (Stable Isotope Labeling with Amino acids in Cell culture) technique with interventional experiments (kinase-dead mutations). The major components of the pipeline include phosphopeptide meta-analysis, correlation network analysis and causal relationship discovery. We have successfully applied our pipeline to interventional experiments identifying phosphorylation events underlying the transition to a filamentous growth form in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We identified 5 high-confidence proteins from meta-analysis, and 19 hub proteins from correlation analysis (Pbi2p and Hsp42p were identified by both analyses). All these proteins are involved in stress responses. Nine of them have direct or indirect evidence of involvement in filamentous growth. In addition, we tested four of our predicted proteins, Nth1p, Pbi2p, Pdr12p and Rcn2p, by interventional phenotypic experiments and all of them present differential invasive growth, providing prospective validation of our approach. This comprehensive pipeline presents a systematic way for discovering signaling networks using interventional phosphoproteome data and can suggest candidate proteins for further investigation. We anticipate the methodology to be applicable as well to other interventional studies via different experimental platforms.
In the ranging and processing mobile-satellite (RAPSAT) system, aircraft position is estimated fr... more In the ranging and processing mobile-satellite (RAPSAT) system, aircraft position is estimated from the aircraft altitude in conjunction with the aircraft range (signal transit time) to two surveillance satellites. Due to large variations in atmospheric conditions, altimeter readings deviate significantly from the true geometric altitudes. As a result, the aircraft position estimation accuracy of satellite surveillance systems, such as RAPSAT, may be degraded. The authors model the spatial and temporal deviations between pressure altitudes and true geometric altitudes, and the results are applied to characterize the position estimation error of the RAPSAT system. The results show that the geometric altitude deviated widely from the pressure altitude at different latitudes and altitudes, but the altitude difference remained constant at the same latitudes and altitudes. As a result, these altitude deviations can be modeled as a constant correction over the same latitudes and altitudes...
Nonhuman primates have similar shoulder anatomy and physiology compared to humans, and may repres... more Nonhuman primates have similar shoulder anatomy and physiology compared to humans, and may represent a previously underutilized model for shoulder research. This study sought to identify naturally occurring bony and muscular degeneration in the shoulder of nonhuman primates and to assess relationships between structural and functional aspects of the shoulder and measures of physical function of the animals. We hypothesized that age-related degenerative changes in the shoulders of nonhuman primates would resemble those observed in aging humans. Middle-aged (n = 5; ages 9.4-11.8 years) and elderly (n = 6; ages 19.8-26.4 years) female vervet monkeys were studied for changes in mobility and shoulder function, and radiographic and histologic signs of age-related degeneration. Four out of 6 (4/6) elderly animals had degenerative changes of the glenoid compared to 0/5 of the middle-aged animals (P = .005). Elderly animals had glenoid retroversion, decreased joint space, walked slower, and spent less time climbing and hanging than middle-aged vervets (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; .05). Physical mobility and shoulder function correlated with glenoid version angle (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; .05). Supraspinatus muscles of elderly animals were less dense (P = .001), had decreased fiber cross-sectional area (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; .001), but similar amounts of nuclear material (P = .085). Degenerative rotator cuff tears were not observed in any of the eleven animals. The vervet monkey naturally undergoes age-related functional, radiographic and histological changes of the shoulder, and may qualify as an animal model for selected translational research of shoulder osteoarthritis.
Current animal models of depression are inadequate to further our understanding of depression. Ne... more Current animal models of depression are inadequate to further our understanding of depression. New models that allow for analysis of cognitive function and sex differences are needed. To characterize serotonin 1A (5-HT(1A)) receptor binding potential (BP) and its relationship with specific characteristics of behavioral depression in cynomolgus monkeys. A 23-month case-control study. Small social groups in the laboratory. Subjects Seventeen adult female cynomolgus monkeys. Serotonin 1A receptor BP was examined by positron emission tomography using the radioligand…
Uploads
Papers by C. Shively