Cagri Yildirim
Çağrı Yıldırım obtained his BA degree from Izmir University of Economics in International Relations and European Union. He obtained a MA degree from Sabancı University at European Studies Program.
He is currently working at the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK) as Head of European Union Framework Programme. He is the National Coordinator of Horizon Europe Programme.
He is currently working at the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK) as Head of European Union Framework Programme. He is the National Coordinator of Horizon Europe Programme.
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Papers by Cagri Yildirim
The main findings of this study are as follows: first, Turkey has mostly been successful in adopting of EU transport policies with distributive impacts. Secondly, synchronization of transport policies with redistributive impacts, however, has been less promising, especially without a full membership perspective.
The research paper starts with analyzing the position of army in Turkish politics by looking at historical context. The works of Ahmad (1993) and Hale (1990) show that it is important to understand the historical context of Turkish army. Feroz Ahmad suggests that “apart from the immediate circumstances which are used to explain the military’s role in current political affairs, this involvement is also rationalized in the context of Ottoman-Turkish history”. (Ahmad, 1993, p.2) In this respect, the research paper also focuses on the vanguard role of army in the establishment of Republic. Turkish army played important role in the process of adoption of radical reforms by accomplishing the Young Turks Revolution of 1908 and by creating the Modern Turkish Republic in 1923 under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk who was also military officer. However, this role of army has caused dilemma in Turkey-EU relationship because, the EU principles are completely against military involvement in politics. As a result, civil-military relations constitute one of the major issues for both democratization of the civil military relations and accession to the EU.
In the second part, the research paper is based on main EU reforms for changing Turkish civil military relations. The important changes which takes place in the function of the National Security Council, removal of the military representatives from the civilian boards and in the functions of military courts are analyzed. However, according to some observer, the army still continues to exercise influence through “informal” channels. Especially in the area of military budget, accountability and the position of chief of staff are still matter of discussion. As a result, in the last part, the adequacy of these reforms is evaluated.
In the light of these arguments, the effects of the EU membership process on Turkish civil-military relations will be examined. In order to understand the position of military in Turkish politics, works of Hale and Heper are used. Moreover, the official documents of the EU which are the Accession Partnership Document and Progress Reports provide explanation of civil-military relation in the EU perspective. Some other sources are going to be added in order to provide enough data for research paper.
The main findings of this study are as follows: first, Turkey has mostly been successful in adopting of EU transport policies with distributive impacts. Secondly, synchronization of transport policies with redistributive impacts, however, has been less promising, especially without a full membership perspective.
The research paper starts with analyzing the position of army in Turkish politics by looking at historical context. The works of Ahmad (1993) and Hale (1990) show that it is important to understand the historical context of Turkish army. Feroz Ahmad suggests that “apart from the immediate circumstances which are used to explain the military’s role in current political affairs, this involvement is also rationalized in the context of Ottoman-Turkish history”. (Ahmad, 1993, p.2) In this respect, the research paper also focuses on the vanguard role of army in the establishment of Republic. Turkish army played important role in the process of adoption of radical reforms by accomplishing the Young Turks Revolution of 1908 and by creating the Modern Turkish Republic in 1923 under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk who was also military officer. However, this role of army has caused dilemma in Turkey-EU relationship because, the EU principles are completely against military involvement in politics. As a result, civil-military relations constitute one of the major issues for both democratization of the civil military relations and accession to the EU.
In the second part, the research paper is based on main EU reforms for changing Turkish civil military relations. The important changes which takes place in the function of the National Security Council, removal of the military representatives from the civilian boards and in the functions of military courts are analyzed. However, according to some observer, the army still continues to exercise influence through “informal” channels. Especially in the area of military budget, accountability and the position of chief of staff are still matter of discussion. As a result, in the last part, the adequacy of these reforms is evaluated.
In the light of these arguments, the effects of the EU membership process on Turkish civil-military relations will be examined. In order to understand the position of military in Turkish politics, works of Hale and Heper are used. Moreover, the official documents of the EU which are the Accession Partnership Document and Progress Reports provide explanation of civil-military relation in the EU perspective. Some other sources are going to be added in order to provide enough data for research paper.