Papers by Carlos Roberto Azzoni
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2009
The study presents a Leontief-Miyazawa model to study personal and regional income inequality in ... more The study presents a Leontief-Miyazawa model to study personal and regional income inequality in Brazil. The economy is divided into 31 sectors, in 5 macro regions; households are allocated into 10 income brackets. The study identifies the contribution of different sectors to inequality. The model is used to simulate the capacity of social policies to reduce personal and regional inequality in the country. The analysis is conducted using the pro-poor "Bolsa Família" program which is a social program that provides direct income transfers to poor (with per capita income between BRL 60,01 and BRL 120,00) and extreme poor households (with per capita income below BRL 60,00). The results show that in the short run, the "Bolsa Família" program has proven to produce positive results, both at the personal income level and at the regional concentration level, and has surely paid large dividends in electoral terms. Solving inequality problems, however, might need other mid and long run policies which could improve competitiveness of lagging regions.
Estudos Econômicos, 2024
Esta obra está licenciada com uma Licença Creative Commons Atribuição-Não Comercial 4.0 Internaci... more Esta obra está licenciada com uma Licença Creative Commons Atribuição-Não Comercial 4.0 Internacional.
Letters in Spatial and Resource Sciences
A dispersao concentrada do emprego tem implicacao de politica publica relevante. O surgimento de ... more A dispersao concentrada do emprego tem implicacao de politica publica relevante. O surgimento de novos centros de emprego afeta os vetores de precos de equilibrio, tornando o preco da terra mais elevado, salarios tendo de ser compensados por tal elevacao, ou elevacao da demanda por um sistema de transporte capaz de reunir mao de obra mais barata em lugares mais distantes e, consequentemente, reduzindo o spatial mismatch entre oferta e demanda por mao de obra. Em face da importância do tema e da ausencia de um estudo sistematizado, este artigo discute a relevância da analise economica do espraiamento do emprego dentro das cidades e sistematiza as metodologias empiricas de identificacao de centralidades e subcentralidades. Para tanto, vale-se de uma abordagem metodologica denominada foward chaining, que constitui da identificacao dos documentos a partir do grupo selecionado previamente. Os resultados apontam para a evolucao dos modelos teoricos ao microfundamentar os modelos desenvolvidos pela Escola Alema e, especialmente, ao abordar a existencia de multiplos centros. No âmbito da abordagem empirica, os metodos de identificacao estao se concentrando em estimacoes econometricas e estrategias de identificacao que considerem a dinâmica do mercado de trabalho intertemporalmente tem sido incorporadas.
Anais do XXXV Encontro Nacional de Economia [Proceedings of the 35th Brazilian Economics Meeting], 2007
The study presents a Leontief-Miyazawa model to study personal and regional income inequality in ... more The study presents a Leontief-Miyazawa model to study personal and regional income inequality in Brazil. The economy is divided into 31 sectors, in 5 macro regions; households are allocated into 10 income brackets. The study identifies the contribution of different sectors to inequality. The model is used to simulate the capacity of social policies to reduce personal and regional inequality in the country. The analysis is conducted using the pro-poor "Bolsa Família" program which is a social program that provides direct income transfers to poor (with per capita income between BRL 60,01 and BRL 120,00) and extreme poor households (with per capita income below BRL 60,00). The results show that in the short run, the "Bolsa Família" program has proven to produce positive results, both at the personal income level and at the regional concentration level, and has surely paid large dividends in electoral terms. Solving inequality problems, however, might need other mid and long run policies which could improve competitiveness of lagging regions.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de mensurar o impacto da fecundidade sobre o engajamento da mulhe... more O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de mensurar o impacto da fecundidade sobre o engajamento da mulher no mercado de trabalho. Três abordagens distintas sobre o tema foram consideradas. Analisou-se o impacto de se ter ou não filhos; de se ter um filho a mais; e, por fim, de se ter um filho muito cedo. Os principais resultados mostram que: i) a maternidade parece ter um efeito negativo sobre a participação da mulher no mercado de trabalho, sendo este um impacto principalmente de curto-prazo; ii) a presença de filhos, em média, tem impactos negativos tanto sobre a jornada de trabalho como sobre as taxas de salário-hora; iii) entre mulheres com filhos que trabalham, um filho a mais, parece não afetar nem o salário e nem as horas trabalhadas, seja no curto ou no longo prazo; e iv) mulheres que tem seu primeiro filho na adolescência, têm, em média, menor escolaridade, sendo que este efeito tende a permanecer ao longo do tempo.
This paper estimates the levels and the evolution of Total Factor Productivity (TFP) across 27 re... more This paper estimates the levels and the evolution of Total Factor Productivity (TFP) across 27 regions (states) in Brazil over the 1995-2009 period, for agriculture, manufacturing and services, as well as for total production. In the aggregate, there are no signs of productivity growth in the period, in spite of the substantive TFP growth exhibited by agriculture, and the modest growth observed in manufacturing. The regional results show that productivity levels replicate the regional inequality that marked the country's history through decades: all the states with low TFP levels belong to the poorest regions, mainly the Northeast region. Some sectoral differences are observed when analyzing regional TFP growth but, on average, high-productivity states tend to exhibit higher productivity growth. This indicates that inequality in productivity in the future tends to be even more pronounced than in the present.
MPRA Paper, 2005
... in Developing Countries: the Brazilian Case Carlos Azzoni 1 , Joaquim Guilhoto 2 , Eduardo Ha... more ... in Developing Countries: the Brazilian Case Carlos Azzoni 1 , Joaquim Guilhoto 2 , Eduardo Haddad 3 , Tatiane Menezes 4 , Fernando Silveira 5 , Marcos M. Hasegawa 6 ... 7 Idle productive area does not include forests or land inadequate for cultivation. Page 15. 15 ...
The object of this paper is to estimate demand elasticities for a basket of staple food important... more The object of this paper is to estimate demand elasticities for a basket of staple food important for providing the caloric needs of Brazilian households. These elasticities are useful in the measurement of the impact of structural reforms on poverty. A two-stage demand system was constructed, based on data from Household Expenditure Surveys (POF) produced by IBGE (The Brazilian Bureau of Statistics) in 1987/88, and in 1995/96. We have used panel data to estimate the model, and have calculated income, own-price, and cross-price elasticities for seven groups of goods and services and, in the second stage, for eight sub groups of staple food products. We estimated those elasticities for the whole sample of consumers, and for two income groups. This procedure allowed for the comparison of the results across the groups.
Estudos Econômicos (São Paulo), Dec 1, 1986
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), Mar 1, 1984
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, Sep 1, 2009
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Papers by Carlos Roberto Azzoni