Chavdar Lalov

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Kathleen Hawthorne

Ventzislav Dintchev

National Institute of Archaeology and Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences

Milena Tonkova

National Institute of Archaeology and Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences

Teodora Bogdanova

National Institute of Archaeology and Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences

Sergey Torbatov

National Institute of Archaeology and Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences

Ivan Hristov

National Museum of History Bulgaria

Nataliya Ivanova

National Institute of Archaeology and Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences

Mario Ivanov

National Institute of Archaeology and Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences

Margarita Blazheva

Yavor Ivanov

National Institute of Archaeology and Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences

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Археологическо проучване в римския и късноантичен Алмус, Лом, кв. Калето

by Vladislav Jivkov, Chavdar Lalov, and Valeri Stoichkov

Археологически открития и разкопки през 2020 г., 2021

The focus of the 2020 campaign was the sector by the western wall of Almus, to the S of the area ... more The focus of the 2020 campaign was the sector by the western wall of Almus, to the S of the area investigated in 2019 (fig. 1). Archaeological exploration of layers from phases ALMVS I – II (1st – mid-3rd c. AD) and ALMVS III – V (mid-3rd – early 6th c. AD) provided data for refining the chronological sequence of the site (fig. 2). Trench K-2 supplied additional information about the medieval and post-medieval occupation at the site. ALMVS V denotes a 6th c. phase of Justinian time renovation and leveling the terrain with plaster. Part of a human cranium, an earring, as well as amphora fragments, discovered among the remains of rectangular in plan wattleand- daub structure, refer to ALMVS IV phase dated to the 5th c. The cultural layers of the 4th c. Roman castellum located under this structure belong to phase ALMVS III, from the time of Constantine I to Theodosius I. Most likely Almus was burned down during the first Hunnic raids in the early 5th c. Traces of large-scale devastation during the time of the Gothic raids (in the middle of the 3rd c.) indicate the end of the habitation in the Roman building situated there prior to ALMVS III phase. Two coins of Trajan and Hadrian provide terminus post quem for the beginning of ALMVS II phase. It is represented by collapsed roof tiles and badly preserved remains of a building with a portico. Ruins of a 1st c. building in wattle-and-daub construction technique, interpreted as Roman barracks, belong to ALMVS I phase. Finds of South Gaulish terra sigillata and coins, corroborate its dating to the Flavian times. The middle of the 80s of the 1st c. is the most plausible time of the ALMVS I destruction. A horse skeleton, discovered in a pit (fig. 3), seems to be related to these dramatic events along the Lower Danubian limes. Two epigraphic monuments were found (fig. 4), with mentioning of the Roman ranks of imaginifer, decurion, and duplicarius. In Trench No. K-2, a small medieval hoard of three histamenon nomismata of Michael II Ducas was discovered.

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Археологическо проучване в римския и късноантичен Алмус, Лом, кв. Калето

by Vladislav Jivkov, Chavdar Lalov, and Valeri Stoichkov

Археологически открития и разкопки през 2020 г., 2021

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