International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Aug 29, 2012
This study investigated the potential components of an integrated management of Loranthaceae spec... more This study investigated the potential components of an integrated management of Loranthaceae species (mistletoes) which constitute a major constraint to the survival and fruit production of many trees such as Vitellaria paradoxa in West Africa. Three types of pruning, five doses of each of two herbicides and host resistance were evaluated in mistletoe-infested parklands. Natural enemies were surveyed with a view to biological control. Pruning of the host branch along with the parasite's haustorium (endophytic system) led to the total elimination of the parasite. When the endophytic system was spared, the time of pruning and species of parasite significantly influenced the number of sprout stalks per tuff. Their interaction was also significant. Death of at least 80% of treated Loranthaceae tufts was recorded for doses of 15 g l -1 of glyphosate and 20 g l -1 of 2,4-D. The artificial infestation of stands with parasite seeds revealed the likely existence of genetic resistance to mistletoe in V. paradoxa. The agroforestry parkland survey showed that birds, chiefly Pogoniulus chrysonocus, and insects are potential natural enemies of Loranthaceae. Results showed that Loranthaceae control could be achieved with techniques already used to successfully manage weeds. However, there is need to improve control components and their integration to successfully manage mistletoes in Burkina Faso.
International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 2019
La fertilisation de l'oignon a un impact direct sur son enherbement du faite de sa forte sensibil... more La fertilisation de l'oignon a un impact direct sur son enherbement du faite de sa forte sensibilité à la compétition des mauvaises herbes. L'objectif de ce travail est d'étudier l'influence des niveaux de fertilisation sur l'enherbement et l'efficacité des herbicides dans les parcelles d'oignon. Le dispositif expérimental utilisé est un bloc de Fisher à 4 répétitions comprenant chacune un témoin et les formulations T2, T3, T4, T5, T6 T7, T8, T9 et T10. Les résultats ont montré que les flores adventices inventoriées 40 et 68 jours après le repiquage (jar) ont compté respectivement 75 et 73 espèces dont 76% et 75% sont des dicotylédones. Les taux de recouvrement au sol a été compris entre 4% et 77% 40 jar, entre 8% et 96% 68 jar, tandis que leur biomasse sèche a évolué entre 22,41 g et 78,28 g 40 jar et entre 9,6 g et 148,85 g 68 jar. Le nombre de bulbes d'oignon (97,33 bulbes/6 m²) a été significativement plus important dans les planches fertilisées avec 300 kg NPK + SM 40 et 68 jar (T4). Cependant, les rendements ont été significativement plus élevés avec T4 (300 kg NPK+SM 40 et 68 jar), T6 (300 kg NPK+2 L Alligator) et T7 (20 t FO+1 L Select) respectifs de 3,2 kg, 3,08 kg et 3,18 kg/6 m². La classe de bulbe de calibre supérieur à 30 mm (> 30 mm) a constitué 29,32% du nombre total de bulbes récoltés. Parmi celle-ci, seul 6,69% de bulbes ont enregistré un calibre supérieur à 45 mm.
The continuous degradation of agroecosystem is a major concern for Sub-Saharan African countries,... more The continuous degradation of agroecosystem is a major concern for Sub-Saharan African countries, particularly Burkina Faso. To fight against this agroecosystem degradation, SWC such as stone rows, grass strips, zaï, filtering dikes, half-moons and agroforestry had been introduced in the Yatenga Province in Northern Burkina Faso several decades ago. Decades after introduction of SWC practices, a survey was conducted with 120 farmers equally distributed in four villages in the region to learn the farmers’ perceptions of the effects of these practices on their farms. Results revealed a higher proportion of men in the study sites (63%) compared to women. The largest difference in proportions between surveyed men and women was observed in Bogoya where only 22% of the surveyed persons were women. The average years of the respondents across villages was 53 years with 57% of farmers being members of at least one farmer organization. The proportion of educated farmers was 73% and those who ...
Background The genus Striga includes 11 parasitic plants species of food crops in at least 50 Afr... more Background The genus Striga includes 11 parasitic plants species of food crops in at least 50 African countries. Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth. is a major biotic constraint to the cereal crops production in Africa. It is the most widespread species in fields in Burkina Faso and grows on all types of soil inducing losses estimated at 35–40% on sorghum and millet. The significant reductions in yields result in insufficient food for the populations. Methods This study aims to identify local plants with bio-herbicidal properties for the management of Striga hermonthica. The inhibiting and stimulating effect of aqueous extracts from 13 local plant species on the germination of Striga seeds was assessed in vitro. Results The aqueous extracts from the leaves of Azadirachta indica A. Juss, Jatropha curcas L., Jatropha gossypiifolia L., Lawsonia inermis L. and those from the leafy stems of Cassia obtusifolia L., Crotalaria retusa L., Phyllanthus amarus L. completely inhibited germination o...
le maïs constitue la deuxième céréale en terme de quantité de production. Sa production est confr... more le maïs constitue la deuxième céréale en terme de quantité de production. Sa production est confrontée à la pauvreté des sols et la forte infestation des adventices telle que Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour.) W. Clayton. L'étude a pour objectif de déterminer l'effet de la fertilisation azotée et du niveau de nuisibilité de Rottboellia cochinchinensis sur la productivité du maïs. Les effets de trois doses d'azote 0, 100 et 150 kg/ha d'urée 46 % ont été comparés dans des conditions d'enherbement croissant de R. cochinchinensis. L'estimation de l'infestation potentielle des mauvaises herbes à la mise en place de l'essai révèle 293 graines/m² de R. cochinchinensis. L'apport de 150 kg/ha d'urée a permis de réduire l'effet à 30 Jours d'Enherbement (JE) de R. cochinchinensis par une croissance rapide du maïs et un rendement moyen supérieur à 2,5 t/ha. Cependant une carence d'azote (0 kg/ha) a induit une réduction de 19,5 % la hauteur du maïs entre 70 et 95 JE. De plus, cette carence réduit de 66,66 % le rendement en grain avec 30 JE de maïs comparativement au traitement apport de 150 kg/ha d'urée. Néanmoins un désherbage précoce associée à 150 kg/ha d'urée, permettent de maîtriser l'enherbement de Rottboellia cochinchinensis et d'améliorer la productivité du maïs grain.
Background: The genus Striga includes 11 parasitic plants species of food crops in at least 50 Af... more Background: The genus Striga includes 11 parasitic plants species of food crops in at least 50 African countries. Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth. is a major biotic constraint to the cereal crops production in Africa. It is the most widespread species in fields in Burkina Faso and grows on all types of soil inducing losses estimated at 35-40% on sorghum and millet. The substantial reductions in yield caused by S. hermonthica contribute significantly to an insufficient food supply for the populations in the area. Methods: This study aims to identify local plants with bio-herbicidal properties for the management of S. hermonthica. The inhibiting and stimulating effect of aqueous extracts from 13 local plant species on the germination of S. hermonthica seeds was assessed in vitro. Results: The aqueous extracts from the leaves of Azadirachta indica A. Juss, Jatropha curcas L., Jatropha gossypiifolia L., Lawsonia inermis L. and those from the leafy stems of Cassia obtusifolia L., Crotalaria retusa L., Phyllanthus amarus L. completely inhibited germination of Striga. Five other plant extracts significantly stimulated germination, of which the highest germination rate (60%) was recorded with the extract from Euphorbia hirta L. leafy stems. Conclusions: The plant extracts thus constitute an ecological avenue for S. hermonthica control. Further experiments could lead to the formulation of bio-herbicides against the parasitic plant to improve cereal production while limiting environmental pollution.
Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] constitutes the third most important cultivated cer... more Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] constitutes the third most important cultivated cereal and source of nutrients in Burkina Faso. The study carried out in 2018 and 2019 at the Saria Environment and Agricultural Researches Station aimed to assess the effects of tillage and organo-mineral fertilization on the quantities of minerals accumulated in pearl millet stover that could be used in animal diets as nutritional supplements. The experimental design was a completely randomized block with a split-plot arrangement of treatments, three replications with four tillage methods assigned to main plots and eight organo-mineral fertilizations to subplots. Results showed that the quantities of minerals accumulated in pearl millet stover were affected by tillage methods and organo-mineral fertilizations as well as by their interactive effects. Compost associated with mineral fertilizers resulted in higher accumulations of minerals in pearl millet stover. In terms of tillage methods,...
International Journal of Genetics and Molecular Biology, 2019
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp) is an important food legume. However, production is limited ... more Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp) is an important food legume. However, production is limited by various biotic and abiotic constraints in sub-Saharan Africa and reduced genetic variability hinders crop improvement efforts. Gamma ray irradiation has been used as a mutagen to create variability but optimal dose determination is a prerequisite to maximize the recovery of mutant plants. In this study, three genotypes (KVx396-4-5-2D, Tiligré and Moussa local) from Burkina Faso were treated with four gamma irradiation doses (150, 200, 250 and 300 Gy) using a labelled cobalt source (60CO) and evaluated for seed germination and seedling survival. Results showed that germination and survival rates were severely decreased at treatments greater than 150 Gy and no germination was observed at the 300 Gy dose. The optimum dose (LD 50%) varied for the genotypes and ranged from 129 to 163 GY. Seed characteristic and quality were factors contributing to this variation.
The obligate hemiparasite Striga hermonthica is one of the major global biotic threats to agricul... more The obligate hemiparasite Striga hermonthica is one of the major global biotic threats to agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa, causing severe yield losses of cereals. The germination of Striga seeds relies on host-released signaling molecules, mainly strigolactones (SLs). This dependency opens up the possibility of deploying SL analogs as “suicidal germination agents” to reduce the accumulated seed bank of Striga in infested soils. Although several synthetic SL analogs have been developed for this purpose, the utility of these compounds in realizing the suicidal germination strategy for combating Striga is still largely unknown. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of three potent SL analogs (MP3, MP16, and Nijmegen-1) under laboratory, greenhouse, and farmer’s field conditions. All investigated analogs showed around a 50% Striga germination rate, equivalent to a 50% reduction in infestation, which was comparable to the standard SL analog GR24. Importantly, MP16 had the maximum reduction o...
Striga species affect the potential productivity of cereals in sub-saharian Africa due to the lac... more Striga species affect the potential productivity of cereals in sub-saharian Africa due to the lack of durable Striga-resistance in host crops. This study aimed at inducing new source of resistance in sorghum using gamma irradiation. Dry seeds of three Sorghum varieties; Grinkan, ICV1049 and Sariaso14 were gamma-irradiated with 200 Gy, 300 Gy, 400 Gy and 500 Gy. Screening strategies involved a 2-year field and greenhouse experiments, where mutant Sorghum families, their parents and resistant control were artificially infected with Striga hermonthica seeds. Field screenings revealedinduced genetic variability among them, forty families significantly reduced the number of emerged Striga plants or showed good Sorghum grain yield performance despite the infection by S. hermonthica ecotype from Burkina Faso. The induced putative resistant mutants were identified across the the four applied irradiation doses. Greenhouse experiment confirmed Striga resistance in seven mutant Sorghum familie...
The parasitic weed Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth, is a major biotic constraint to the productio... more The parasitic weed Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth, is a major biotic constraint to the production of cereal crops, particularly sorghum in Africa. The research was aimed to evaluate the allelopathic properties of local plants to inhibit Striga hermonthica weed from Burkina Faso. In this respect, the bio-herbicidal effect of essential oils from 10 local aromatic plants on the germination of S. hermonthica seeds, was evaluated. The research was conducted in 2017 at the phytopathology and weed science laboratory of INERA (Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles) located at Kamboinse, Burkina Faso.The research using essential oils with 10% dilutions from 10 local aromatic plants were evaluated to inhibition of S. hermonthica germination. Dilutions of 0.2% and 0.4% were applied on conditioned Striga seeds to test their ability to induce Striga germination. Parameters were analyzed using the ANOVA, and the means were compared using DMRT at level of 5%. Germination data of ...
This study aimed at creating genetic variability by induced mutagenesis in farmers’ preferred sor... more This study aimed at creating genetic variability by induced mutagenesis in farmers’ preferred sorghum variety (ICSV1049) to breed mutant lines for water deficit tolerance. Sorghum seeds were irradiated by gamma rays and sown as one panicle-to-one progeny method. Putative lines M5 (143) and parent were screened under water deficit stress. Data analysis showed that leaf senescence (LS) was positively correlated to relative water content (RWC), panicle weight (PaWt), grain weight (GrWt) and chlorophyll content 13 days after water deficit application (SPAD II). Semi-dwarf trait (SDwf) with plants height (Ht)<100 cm were observed among 3.38% of lines, while 13.5% exhibited early maturity (<90 days). The leaves of 87.3% of lines were semi-erectile. Averaged overall lines, mutation has reduced date to flowering (DaFl), date to grain maturity (DaMa) and LS at 9.2, 4.1 and 8.1% compared to the parent, respectively. However, SPAD I (chlorophyll content first day of water deficit applica...
measured traits (>75%) of Moussa Local; for plant height (81.1%) of KVx396-4-5-2D, for first flow... more measured traits (>75%) of Moussa Local; for plant height (81.1%) of KVx396-4-5-2D, for first flower date (80.2%), and peduncles length (78.6%) of Tiligre. Based on phenotypic characters, the principal component analysis (PCA) and the cluster analysis showed variation among genotypes irradiated, and they were grouped into four clusters in KVx-396-4-5-2D, six clusters in Moussa local and Tiligre populations. So, 150 Gy dose of γ-rays was effective to induce variability in morphological and phenological characters within cowpea genotypes.
International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 2012
A two-year field study investigated integrated management of Striga hermonthica on sorghum throug... more A two-year field study investigated integrated management of Striga hermonthica on sorghum through host crop resistance, biocontrol (Fusarium oxysporum isolate 34-FO), and fertilizer application. The experiment was conducted in a field with natural Striga infestation at Kouaré Research Station in Fada N'Gourma, Burkina Faso. Treatments combining sorghum resistance with Fusarium inoculum and N-fertilizer or manure significantly reduced emerged Striga plant number, plant vigour and dry biomass of Striga and the area under the Striga number progress curve (ASNPC) in 2002, as compared to the control. Integrated Striga Management (ISM) plots fertilized with urea, urea plus growth medium or urea plus manure associated with Fusarium inoculum resulted in improved sorghum grain yield of at least 15% in 2001 and of at least 97% in 2002. Economic analysis showed that the combination of sorghum resistance with fungal inoculum or urea at 200 kg ha-1 allowed for a significant financial profit in sorghum production. The results suggest that to reduce Striga infestation below economic threshold, ISM treatments should be consistently applied for several years without expecting very high returns.
International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 2012
Des prospections de terrain ont été réalisées dans les trois domaines phytogéographiques du Burki... more Des prospections de terrain ont été réalisées dans les trois domaines phytogéographiques du Burkina Faso pour inventorier les espèces de Striga, identifier leurs plantes hôtes et déterminer leur distribution géographique sur le territoire. Des enquêtes ont également été effectuées auprès des chercheurs, des agriculteurs et d'autres populations rurales pour appréhender leurs appréciations sur l'utilisation et les stratégies locales de lutte contre ces plantes parasites. Les prospections ont montré que le territoire est infesté par au moins 13 espèces de Striga, parmi lesquelles la présence de S. forbesii a été révélée pour la première fois au Burkina Faso. L'incidence économique des 13 espèces de Striga varie selon les conditions agro-écologiques locales et le type de culture pratiqué. S. hermonthica, S. gesnerioides et S. aspera sont dans l'ordre décroissant de virulence, les trois principales plantes parasites qui attaquent les cultures vivrières du pays. Des méthodes paysannes ont été recensées et les plus courantes sont l'arrachage et le sarclage manuels. Parmi les espèces de Striga inventoriées, seule S. hermonthica est connue pour ses vertus thérapeutiques et est aussi utilisée dans des systèmes tinctoriaux.
Striga hermonthica, a member of the Orobanchaceae family, is an obligate root parasite of staple ... more Striga hermonthica, a member of the Orobanchaceae family, is an obligate root parasite of staple cereal crops, which poses a tremendous threat to food security, contributing to malnutrition and poverty in many African countries. Depleting Striga seed reservoirs from infested soils is one of the crucial approaches to minimize subterranean damage to crops. The dependency of Striga germination on the host-released strigolactones (SLs) has prompted the development of the “Suicidal Germination” strategy to reduce the accumulated seed bank of Striga. The success of aforementioned strategy depends not only on the activity of the applied SL analogs, but also requires suitable application protocol with simple, efficient, and handy formulation for rain-fed African agriculture. Here, we developed a new formulation “Emulsifiable Concentration (EC)” for the two previously field-assessed SL analogs Methyl phenlactonoate 3 (MP3) and Nijmegen-1. The new EC formulation was evaluated for biological a...
International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences
La présente étude a pour objectif de faire l’état des connaissances traditionnelles endogènes rel... more La présente étude a pour objectif de faire l’état des connaissances traditionnelles endogènes relatives aux plantes locales utilisées contre les bio-agresseurs des cultures et des produits agricoles. A travers une série d’enquêtes ethnobotaniques réalisée de 2018 à 2019 dans la région des Cascades au Burkina Faso, 150 personnes appartenant à l’ethnie Turka ont été interviewées. Les informations recherchées en utilisant des entretiens semi-directifs, ont concerné les noms locaux des plantes, les parties utilisées, les domaines d’utilisation et leurs modes d'utilisation. Les données collectées ont permis de recenser 33 espèces de plantes réparties en 30 genres et 19 familles utilisées traditionnellement contre les bio-agresseurs agricoles. Ces plantes interviennent sélectivement dans trois domaines : la répulsion des insectes, l’inhibition des herbes envahissantes et la construction des greniers. Les espèces sont utilisées soit directement ou transformées en poudre ou en cendre. L...
International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Aug 29, 2012
This study investigated the potential components of an integrated management of Loranthaceae spec... more This study investigated the potential components of an integrated management of Loranthaceae species (mistletoes) which constitute a major constraint to the survival and fruit production of many trees such as Vitellaria paradoxa in West Africa. Three types of pruning, five doses of each of two herbicides and host resistance were evaluated in mistletoe-infested parklands. Natural enemies were surveyed with a view to biological control. Pruning of the host branch along with the parasite's haustorium (endophytic system) led to the total elimination of the parasite. When the endophytic system was spared, the time of pruning and species of parasite significantly influenced the number of sprout stalks per tuff. Their interaction was also significant. Death of at least 80% of treated Loranthaceae tufts was recorded for doses of 15 g l -1 of glyphosate and 20 g l -1 of 2,4-D. The artificial infestation of stands with parasite seeds revealed the likely existence of genetic resistance to mistletoe in V. paradoxa. The agroforestry parkland survey showed that birds, chiefly Pogoniulus chrysonocus, and insects are potential natural enemies of Loranthaceae. Results showed that Loranthaceae control could be achieved with techniques already used to successfully manage weeds. However, there is need to improve control components and their integration to successfully manage mistletoes in Burkina Faso.
International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 2019
La fertilisation de l'oignon a un impact direct sur son enherbement du faite de sa forte sensibil... more La fertilisation de l'oignon a un impact direct sur son enherbement du faite de sa forte sensibilité à la compétition des mauvaises herbes. L'objectif de ce travail est d'étudier l'influence des niveaux de fertilisation sur l'enherbement et l'efficacité des herbicides dans les parcelles d'oignon. Le dispositif expérimental utilisé est un bloc de Fisher à 4 répétitions comprenant chacune un témoin et les formulations T2, T3, T4, T5, T6 T7, T8, T9 et T10. Les résultats ont montré que les flores adventices inventoriées 40 et 68 jours après le repiquage (jar) ont compté respectivement 75 et 73 espèces dont 76% et 75% sont des dicotylédones. Les taux de recouvrement au sol a été compris entre 4% et 77% 40 jar, entre 8% et 96% 68 jar, tandis que leur biomasse sèche a évolué entre 22,41 g et 78,28 g 40 jar et entre 9,6 g et 148,85 g 68 jar. Le nombre de bulbes d'oignon (97,33 bulbes/6 m²) a été significativement plus important dans les planches fertilisées avec 300 kg NPK + SM 40 et 68 jar (T4). Cependant, les rendements ont été significativement plus élevés avec T4 (300 kg NPK+SM 40 et 68 jar), T6 (300 kg NPK+2 L Alligator) et T7 (20 t FO+1 L Select) respectifs de 3,2 kg, 3,08 kg et 3,18 kg/6 m². La classe de bulbe de calibre supérieur à 30 mm (> 30 mm) a constitué 29,32% du nombre total de bulbes récoltés. Parmi celle-ci, seul 6,69% de bulbes ont enregistré un calibre supérieur à 45 mm.
The continuous degradation of agroecosystem is a major concern for Sub-Saharan African countries,... more The continuous degradation of agroecosystem is a major concern for Sub-Saharan African countries, particularly Burkina Faso. To fight against this agroecosystem degradation, SWC such as stone rows, grass strips, zaï, filtering dikes, half-moons and agroforestry had been introduced in the Yatenga Province in Northern Burkina Faso several decades ago. Decades after introduction of SWC practices, a survey was conducted with 120 farmers equally distributed in four villages in the region to learn the farmers’ perceptions of the effects of these practices on their farms. Results revealed a higher proportion of men in the study sites (63%) compared to women. The largest difference in proportions between surveyed men and women was observed in Bogoya where only 22% of the surveyed persons were women. The average years of the respondents across villages was 53 years with 57% of farmers being members of at least one farmer organization. The proportion of educated farmers was 73% and those who ...
Background The genus Striga includes 11 parasitic plants species of food crops in at least 50 Afr... more Background The genus Striga includes 11 parasitic plants species of food crops in at least 50 African countries. Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth. is a major biotic constraint to the cereal crops production in Africa. It is the most widespread species in fields in Burkina Faso and grows on all types of soil inducing losses estimated at 35–40% on sorghum and millet. The significant reductions in yields result in insufficient food for the populations. Methods This study aims to identify local plants with bio-herbicidal properties for the management of Striga hermonthica. The inhibiting and stimulating effect of aqueous extracts from 13 local plant species on the germination of Striga seeds was assessed in vitro. Results The aqueous extracts from the leaves of Azadirachta indica A. Juss, Jatropha curcas L., Jatropha gossypiifolia L., Lawsonia inermis L. and those from the leafy stems of Cassia obtusifolia L., Crotalaria retusa L., Phyllanthus amarus L. completely inhibited germination o...
le maïs constitue la deuxième céréale en terme de quantité de production. Sa production est confr... more le maïs constitue la deuxième céréale en terme de quantité de production. Sa production est confrontée à la pauvreté des sols et la forte infestation des adventices telle que Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour.) W. Clayton. L'étude a pour objectif de déterminer l'effet de la fertilisation azotée et du niveau de nuisibilité de Rottboellia cochinchinensis sur la productivité du maïs. Les effets de trois doses d'azote 0, 100 et 150 kg/ha d'urée 46 % ont été comparés dans des conditions d'enherbement croissant de R. cochinchinensis. L'estimation de l'infestation potentielle des mauvaises herbes à la mise en place de l'essai révèle 293 graines/m² de R. cochinchinensis. L'apport de 150 kg/ha d'urée a permis de réduire l'effet à 30 Jours d'Enherbement (JE) de R. cochinchinensis par une croissance rapide du maïs et un rendement moyen supérieur à 2,5 t/ha. Cependant une carence d'azote (0 kg/ha) a induit une réduction de 19,5 % la hauteur du maïs entre 70 et 95 JE. De plus, cette carence réduit de 66,66 % le rendement en grain avec 30 JE de maïs comparativement au traitement apport de 150 kg/ha d'urée. Néanmoins un désherbage précoce associée à 150 kg/ha d'urée, permettent de maîtriser l'enherbement de Rottboellia cochinchinensis et d'améliorer la productivité du maïs grain.
Background: The genus Striga includes 11 parasitic plants species of food crops in at least 50 Af... more Background: The genus Striga includes 11 parasitic plants species of food crops in at least 50 African countries. Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth. is a major biotic constraint to the cereal crops production in Africa. It is the most widespread species in fields in Burkina Faso and grows on all types of soil inducing losses estimated at 35-40% on sorghum and millet. The substantial reductions in yield caused by S. hermonthica contribute significantly to an insufficient food supply for the populations in the area. Methods: This study aims to identify local plants with bio-herbicidal properties for the management of S. hermonthica. The inhibiting and stimulating effect of aqueous extracts from 13 local plant species on the germination of S. hermonthica seeds was assessed in vitro. Results: The aqueous extracts from the leaves of Azadirachta indica A. Juss, Jatropha curcas L., Jatropha gossypiifolia L., Lawsonia inermis L. and those from the leafy stems of Cassia obtusifolia L., Crotalaria retusa L., Phyllanthus amarus L. completely inhibited germination of Striga. Five other plant extracts significantly stimulated germination, of which the highest germination rate (60%) was recorded with the extract from Euphorbia hirta L. leafy stems. Conclusions: The plant extracts thus constitute an ecological avenue for S. hermonthica control. Further experiments could lead to the formulation of bio-herbicides against the parasitic plant to improve cereal production while limiting environmental pollution.
Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] constitutes the third most important cultivated cer... more Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] constitutes the third most important cultivated cereal and source of nutrients in Burkina Faso. The study carried out in 2018 and 2019 at the Saria Environment and Agricultural Researches Station aimed to assess the effects of tillage and organo-mineral fertilization on the quantities of minerals accumulated in pearl millet stover that could be used in animal diets as nutritional supplements. The experimental design was a completely randomized block with a split-plot arrangement of treatments, three replications with four tillage methods assigned to main plots and eight organo-mineral fertilizations to subplots. Results showed that the quantities of minerals accumulated in pearl millet stover were affected by tillage methods and organo-mineral fertilizations as well as by their interactive effects. Compost associated with mineral fertilizers resulted in higher accumulations of minerals in pearl millet stover. In terms of tillage methods,...
International Journal of Genetics and Molecular Biology, 2019
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp) is an important food legume. However, production is limited ... more Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp) is an important food legume. However, production is limited by various biotic and abiotic constraints in sub-Saharan Africa and reduced genetic variability hinders crop improvement efforts. Gamma ray irradiation has been used as a mutagen to create variability but optimal dose determination is a prerequisite to maximize the recovery of mutant plants. In this study, three genotypes (KVx396-4-5-2D, Tiligré and Moussa local) from Burkina Faso were treated with four gamma irradiation doses (150, 200, 250 and 300 Gy) using a labelled cobalt source (60CO) and evaluated for seed germination and seedling survival. Results showed that germination and survival rates were severely decreased at treatments greater than 150 Gy and no germination was observed at the 300 Gy dose. The optimum dose (LD 50%) varied for the genotypes and ranged from 129 to 163 GY. Seed characteristic and quality were factors contributing to this variation.
The obligate hemiparasite Striga hermonthica is one of the major global biotic threats to agricul... more The obligate hemiparasite Striga hermonthica is one of the major global biotic threats to agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa, causing severe yield losses of cereals. The germination of Striga seeds relies on host-released signaling molecules, mainly strigolactones (SLs). This dependency opens up the possibility of deploying SL analogs as “suicidal germination agents” to reduce the accumulated seed bank of Striga in infested soils. Although several synthetic SL analogs have been developed for this purpose, the utility of these compounds in realizing the suicidal germination strategy for combating Striga is still largely unknown. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of three potent SL analogs (MP3, MP16, and Nijmegen-1) under laboratory, greenhouse, and farmer’s field conditions. All investigated analogs showed around a 50% Striga germination rate, equivalent to a 50% reduction in infestation, which was comparable to the standard SL analog GR24. Importantly, MP16 had the maximum reduction o...
Striga species affect the potential productivity of cereals in sub-saharian Africa due to the lac... more Striga species affect the potential productivity of cereals in sub-saharian Africa due to the lack of durable Striga-resistance in host crops. This study aimed at inducing new source of resistance in sorghum using gamma irradiation. Dry seeds of three Sorghum varieties; Grinkan, ICV1049 and Sariaso14 were gamma-irradiated with 200 Gy, 300 Gy, 400 Gy and 500 Gy. Screening strategies involved a 2-year field and greenhouse experiments, where mutant Sorghum families, their parents and resistant control were artificially infected with Striga hermonthica seeds. Field screenings revealedinduced genetic variability among them, forty families significantly reduced the number of emerged Striga plants or showed good Sorghum grain yield performance despite the infection by S. hermonthica ecotype from Burkina Faso. The induced putative resistant mutants were identified across the the four applied irradiation doses. Greenhouse experiment confirmed Striga resistance in seven mutant Sorghum familie...
The parasitic weed Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth, is a major biotic constraint to the productio... more The parasitic weed Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth, is a major biotic constraint to the production of cereal crops, particularly sorghum in Africa. The research was aimed to evaluate the allelopathic properties of local plants to inhibit Striga hermonthica weed from Burkina Faso. In this respect, the bio-herbicidal effect of essential oils from 10 local aromatic plants on the germination of S. hermonthica seeds, was evaluated. The research was conducted in 2017 at the phytopathology and weed science laboratory of INERA (Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles) located at Kamboinse, Burkina Faso.The research using essential oils with 10% dilutions from 10 local aromatic plants were evaluated to inhibition of S. hermonthica germination. Dilutions of 0.2% and 0.4% were applied on conditioned Striga seeds to test their ability to induce Striga germination. Parameters were analyzed using the ANOVA, and the means were compared using DMRT at level of 5%. Germination data of ...
This study aimed at creating genetic variability by induced mutagenesis in farmers’ preferred sor... more This study aimed at creating genetic variability by induced mutagenesis in farmers’ preferred sorghum variety (ICSV1049) to breed mutant lines for water deficit tolerance. Sorghum seeds were irradiated by gamma rays and sown as one panicle-to-one progeny method. Putative lines M5 (143) and parent were screened under water deficit stress. Data analysis showed that leaf senescence (LS) was positively correlated to relative water content (RWC), panicle weight (PaWt), grain weight (GrWt) and chlorophyll content 13 days after water deficit application (SPAD II). Semi-dwarf trait (SDwf) with plants height (Ht)<100 cm were observed among 3.38% of lines, while 13.5% exhibited early maturity (<90 days). The leaves of 87.3% of lines were semi-erectile. Averaged overall lines, mutation has reduced date to flowering (DaFl), date to grain maturity (DaMa) and LS at 9.2, 4.1 and 8.1% compared to the parent, respectively. However, SPAD I (chlorophyll content first day of water deficit applica...
measured traits (>75%) of Moussa Local; for plant height (81.1%) of KVx396-4-5-2D, for first flow... more measured traits (>75%) of Moussa Local; for plant height (81.1%) of KVx396-4-5-2D, for first flower date (80.2%), and peduncles length (78.6%) of Tiligre. Based on phenotypic characters, the principal component analysis (PCA) and the cluster analysis showed variation among genotypes irradiated, and they were grouped into four clusters in KVx-396-4-5-2D, six clusters in Moussa local and Tiligre populations. So, 150 Gy dose of γ-rays was effective to induce variability in morphological and phenological characters within cowpea genotypes.
International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 2012
A two-year field study investigated integrated management of Striga hermonthica on sorghum throug... more A two-year field study investigated integrated management of Striga hermonthica on sorghum through host crop resistance, biocontrol (Fusarium oxysporum isolate 34-FO), and fertilizer application. The experiment was conducted in a field with natural Striga infestation at Kouaré Research Station in Fada N'Gourma, Burkina Faso. Treatments combining sorghum resistance with Fusarium inoculum and N-fertilizer or manure significantly reduced emerged Striga plant number, plant vigour and dry biomass of Striga and the area under the Striga number progress curve (ASNPC) in 2002, as compared to the control. Integrated Striga Management (ISM) plots fertilized with urea, urea plus growth medium or urea plus manure associated with Fusarium inoculum resulted in improved sorghum grain yield of at least 15% in 2001 and of at least 97% in 2002. Economic analysis showed that the combination of sorghum resistance with fungal inoculum or urea at 200 kg ha-1 allowed for a significant financial profit in sorghum production. The results suggest that to reduce Striga infestation below economic threshold, ISM treatments should be consistently applied for several years without expecting very high returns.
International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 2012
Des prospections de terrain ont été réalisées dans les trois domaines phytogéographiques du Burki... more Des prospections de terrain ont été réalisées dans les trois domaines phytogéographiques du Burkina Faso pour inventorier les espèces de Striga, identifier leurs plantes hôtes et déterminer leur distribution géographique sur le territoire. Des enquêtes ont également été effectuées auprès des chercheurs, des agriculteurs et d'autres populations rurales pour appréhender leurs appréciations sur l'utilisation et les stratégies locales de lutte contre ces plantes parasites. Les prospections ont montré que le territoire est infesté par au moins 13 espèces de Striga, parmi lesquelles la présence de S. forbesii a été révélée pour la première fois au Burkina Faso. L'incidence économique des 13 espèces de Striga varie selon les conditions agro-écologiques locales et le type de culture pratiqué. S. hermonthica, S. gesnerioides et S. aspera sont dans l'ordre décroissant de virulence, les trois principales plantes parasites qui attaquent les cultures vivrières du pays. Des méthodes paysannes ont été recensées et les plus courantes sont l'arrachage et le sarclage manuels. Parmi les espèces de Striga inventoriées, seule S. hermonthica est connue pour ses vertus thérapeutiques et est aussi utilisée dans des systèmes tinctoriaux.
Striga hermonthica, a member of the Orobanchaceae family, is an obligate root parasite of staple ... more Striga hermonthica, a member of the Orobanchaceae family, is an obligate root parasite of staple cereal crops, which poses a tremendous threat to food security, contributing to malnutrition and poverty in many African countries. Depleting Striga seed reservoirs from infested soils is one of the crucial approaches to minimize subterranean damage to crops. The dependency of Striga germination on the host-released strigolactones (SLs) has prompted the development of the “Suicidal Germination” strategy to reduce the accumulated seed bank of Striga. The success of aforementioned strategy depends not only on the activity of the applied SL analogs, but also requires suitable application protocol with simple, efficient, and handy formulation for rain-fed African agriculture. Here, we developed a new formulation “Emulsifiable Concentration (EC)” for the two previously field-assessed SL analogs Methyl phenlactonoate 3 (MP3) and Nijmegen-1. The new EC formulation was evaluated for biological a...
International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences
La présente étude a pour objectif de faire l’état des connaissances traditionnelles endogènes rel... more La présente étude a pour objectif de faire l’état des connaissances traditionnelles endogènes relatives aux plantes locales utilisées contre les bio-agresseurs des cultures et des produits agricoles. A travers une série d’enquêtes ethnobotaniques réalisée de 2018 à 2019 dans la région des Cascades au Burkina Faso, 150 personnes appartenant à l’ethnie Turka ont été interviewées. Les informations recherchées en utilisant des entretiens semi-directifs, ont concerné les noms locaux des plantes, les parties utilisées, les domaines d’utilisation et leurs modes d'utilisation. Les données collectées ont permis de recenser 33 espèces de plantes réparties en 30 genres et 19 familles utilisées traditionnellement contre les bio-agresseurs agricoles. Ces plantes interviennent sélectivement dans trois domaines : la répulsion des insectes, l’inhibition des herbes envahissantes et la construction des greniers. Les espèces sont utilisées soit directement ou transformées en poudre ou en cendre. L...
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Papers by Djibril YONLI