This paper has three goals. First, to introduce a major pedagogical transition and discuss the ch... more This paper has three goals. First, to introduce a major pedagogical transition and discuss the challenges faced during the transition. Second, to provide a specific example of course changes that were required to meet this pedagogical transition and the challenges faced in adoption of new teaching techniques. The third goal of this paper is to provide faculty and universities with useful information to enhance their programs and meet the challenges faced during pedagogical transitions.
This study investigates the relationship between mothers’ and fathers’ sensitivity and infants’ a... more This study investigates the relationship between mothers’ and fathers’ sensitivity and infants’ attachment relations within the context of the family. Family Systems models (crossover model and circular causal model) were used to assess the transaction of parental sensitivity across the family subsystems (i.e., motherinfant and father-infant) boundaries. Sixty-six families with infants participated in two home visits to test these models. When infants were six months old, their parents’ sensitivity was assessed using multiple measures: standardized observation, self rating (efficacy), and rating by the spouse. At 18 months, infants’ attachment security was assessed using the attachment Q-sort (Waters 1987). Parental sensitivity was found to cross the subsystem boundaries, but in a different pattern for mothers and fathers. Partial support of the crossover model was found: Higher levels of maternal sensitivity predicted a more secure infantfather attachment relationship, whereas high...
The study revealed similarities in attitudes towards freedom, responsibility, and society by comp... more The study revealed similarities in attitudes towards freedom, responsibility, and society by comparing the responses of 47 undergraduate students from Kyrgyzstan and 47 undergraduate students from the United States using the method of semantic differential (Kagan, 1991; Osgood, Tannenbaum, & Suci, 1957/1975) and the original Concept Questionnaire. The results of the study emphasize the universality of the values of freedom and responsibility, and the attitude towards society indicates the adaptive strain characteristic of late adolescence period.
: The current study is an investigation of homelessness from the viewpoint of the homeless, to de... more : The current study is an investigation of homelessness from the viewpoint of the homeless, to determine the extent homeless individuals can provide information about causes of their homelessness, resources they need to leave the sheltered environment and attitudes about their current living arrangements. The 51 male and 52 female homeless participants in this study provided information about causes, resources needed and attitudes. Participants described multiple causes for their homelessness; males and females indicated differing causes. A wide range of resources were listed by the homeless individuals as needed to reduce their reliance on the sheltered environment, with some resources continuing beyond the attainment of a house and a job; males and females also indicated different needs. Findings in this study indicate that homeless individuals can provide relevant information and partner with social service professionals to create programs to meet individual needs and reduce reliance on sheltered environments.Keywords: homeless; sheltered environments; gender differences
Two pilot studies were conducted. First, the validity of a measure of infant–caregiver attachment... more Two pilot studies were conducted. First, the validity of a measure of infant–caregiver attachment for twins was assessed. Sixteen twin pairs from the Louisville Twin Study (LTS) were assessed in the Strange Situation (SS) at ages 19 or 25 months. Concordance between the LTS procedure and the SS procedure for assessing attachment was 78.1%, significantly greater than chance. Second, twin
Expressive emotion regulation in response to stress following inoculation was examined in 30 18-m... more Expressive emotion regulation in response to stress following inoculation was examined in 30 18-month-olds. Fourteen were exposed to cocaine in utero and 16 were drug-free. Findings indicated that the cocaine-exposed group displayed fewer discrete negative expressions of distress and anger and more sadness in response to acute pain. These results suggest that cocaine exposure may exert an influence on the expression of emotion into the second year of life. RESUMEN: Se examinó la regulación de la emoción expresiva como respuesta a la presión después de la inoculación, en 30 niños de 18 meses. Catorce habían estado expuestos a la cocaína en el útero, 16 habían estado libre de drogas. Los hallazgos indicaron que el grupo de niños expuestos a la cocaína mostró menos discretas expresiones negativas de angustia e ira, y más tristeza como respuesta al dolor agudo. Estos resultados sugieren que el estar expuesto a la cocaía pudiera ejercer una influencia en la expresión de emoción hacia el segundo año de vida. RÉSUMÉ: Le réglement expressif d'émotion en réponse au stress après inoculation a été examiné chez 30 bébés de 18 mois. 14 bébés avaient été exposés à la cocaïne durant la grossesse et 16 d'entre eux n'avaient pas été exposés aux drogues. Les résulats ont indiqué que le groupe d'enfants exposés à la cocaïne faisaient état de moins de discrètes expressions négatives de détresse et colère et de plus de tristesse en réponse à la douleur vive. Ces résultats suggèrent que l'exposition à la cocaïne peut exercer une influence sur l'expression d'émotion dans la seconde année de la vie.
Abstract The impact of preterm birth and perinatal medical status on mother—infant interaction at... more Abstract The impact of preterm birth and perinatal medical status on mother—infant interaction at 6 months and quality of attachment at 1 year in a predominantly low socio-economic status sample was examined. Preterm infants had birth weights of less than 2500 gms and gestational ages between 30 and 36 weeks. Infants assigned to the ill preterm group required more than 48 hours of oxygen at birth or had intraventricular hemorrhage. At 6 months, 54 (18 full-term/ 18 healthy preterm/ 18 ill preterm) infants and their mothers were videotaped in a 15-min interaction sequence in a laboratory playroom; at 12 months, quality of attachment was assessed using the Ainsworth Strange Situation ( Ainsworth & Wittig, 1969 ). A greater proportion of preterm infants was found to be insecurely attached. Maternal behavior during the 6-month interaction was not found to mediate the impact of preterm birth on quality of attachment.
This paper has three goals. First, to introduce a major pedagogical transition and discuss the ch... more This paper has three goals. First, to introduce a major pedagogical transition and discuss the challenges faced during the transition. Second, to provide a specific example of course changes that were required to meet this pedagogical transition and the challenges faced in adoption of new teaching techniques. The third goal of this paper is to provide faculty and universities with useful information to enhance their programs and meet the challenges faced during pedagogical transitions.
This study investigates the relationship between mothers’ and fathers’ sensitivity and infants’ a... more This study investigates the relationship between mothers’ and fathers’ sensitivity and infants’ attachment relations within the context of the family. Family Systems models (crossover model and circular causal model) were used to assess the transaction of parental sensitivity across the family subsystems (i.e., motherinfant and father-infant) boundaries. Sixty-six families with infants participated in two home visits to test these models. When infants were six months old, their parents’ sensitivity was assessed using multiple measures: standardized observation, self rating (efficacy), and rating by the spouse. At 18 months, infants’ attachment security was assessed using the attachment Q-sort (Waters 1987). Parental sensitivity was found to cross the subsystem boundaries, but in a different pattern for mothers and fathers. Partial support of the crossover model was found: Higher levels of maternal sensitivity predicted a more secure infantfather attachment relationship, whereas high...
The study revealed similarities in attitudes towards freedom, responsibility, and society by comp... more The study revealed similarities in attitudes towards freedom, responsibility, and society by comparing the responses of 47 undergraduate students from Kyrgyzstan and 47 undergraduate students from the United States using the method of semantic differential (Kagan, 1991; Osgood, Tannenbaum, & Suci, 1957/1975) and the original Concept Questionnaire. The results of the study emphasize the universality of the values of freedom and responsibility, and the attitude towards society indicates the adaptive strain characteristic of late adolescence period.
: The current study is an investigation of homelessness from the viewpoint of the homeless, to de... more : The current study is an investigation of homelessness from the viewpoint of the homeless, to determine the extent homeless individuals can provide information about causes of their homelessness, resources they need to leave the sheltered environment and attitudes about their current living arrangements. The 51 male and 52 female homeless participants in this study provided information about causes, resources needed and attitudes. Participants described multiple causes for their homelessness; males and females indicated differing causes. A wide range of resources were listed by the homeless individuals as needed to reduce their reliance on the sheltered environment, with some resources continuing beyond the attainment of a house and a job; males and females also indicated different needs. Findings in this study indicate that homeless individuals can provide relevant information and partner with social service professionals to create programs to meet individual needs and reduce reliance on sheltered environments.Keywords: homeless; sheltered environments; gender differences
Two pilot studies were conducted. First, the validity of a measure of infant–caregiver attachment... more Two pilot studies were conducted. First, the validity of a measure of infant–caregiver attachment for twins was assessed. Sixteen twin pairs from the Louisville Twin Study (LTS) were assessed in the Strange Situation (SS) at ages 19 or 25 months. Concordance between the LTS procedure and the SS procedure for assessing attachment was 78.1%, significantly greater than chance. Second, twin
Expressive emotion regulation in response to stress following inoculation was examined in 30 18-m... more Expressive emotion regulation in response to stress following inoculation was examined in 30 18-month-olds. Fourteen were exposed to cocaine in utero and 16 were drug-free. Findings indicated that the cocaine-exposed group displayed fewer discrete negative expressions of distress and anger and more sadness in response to acute pain. These results suggest that cocaine exposure may exert an influence on the expression of emotion into the second year of life. RESUMEN: Se examinó la regulación de la emoción expresiva como respuesta a la presión después de la inoculación, en 30 niños de 18 meses. Catorce habían estado expuestos a la cocaína en el útero, 16 habían estado libre de drogas. Los hallazgos indicaron que el grupo de niños expuestos a la cocaína mostró menos discretas expresiones negativas de angustia e ira, y más tristeza como respuesta al dolor agudo. Estos resultados sugieren que el estar expuesto a la cocaía pudiera ejercer una influencia en la expresión de emoción hacia el segundo año de vida. RÉSUMÉ: Le réglement expressif d'émotion en réponse au stress après inoculation a été examiné chez 30 bébés de 18 mois. 14 bébés avaient été exposés à la cocaïne durant la grossesse et 16 d'entre eux n'avaient pas été exposés aux drogues. Les résulats ont indiqué que le groupe d'enfants exposés à la cocaïne faisaient état de moins de discrètes expressions négatives de détresse et colère et de plus de tristesse en réponse à la douleur vive. Ces résultats suggèrent que l'exposition à la cocaïne peut exercer une influence sur l'expression d'émotion dans la seconde année de la vie.
Abstract The impact of preterm birth and perinatal medical status on mother—infant interaction at... more Abstract The impact of preterm birth and perinatal medical status on mother—infant interaction at 6 months and quality of attachment at 1 year in a predominantly low socio-economic status sample was examined. Preterm infants had birth weights of less than 2500 gms and gestational ages between 30 and 36 weeks. Infants assigned to the ill preterm group required more than 48 hours of oxygen at birth or had intraventricular hemorrhage. At 6 months, 54 (18 full-term/ 18 healthy preterm/ 18 ill preterm) infants and their mothers were videotaped in a 15-min interaction sequence in a laboratory playroom; at 12 months, quality of attachment was assessed using the Ainsworth Strange Situation ( Ainsworth & Wittig, 1969 ). A greater proportion of preterm infants was found to be insecurely attached. Maternal behavior during the 6-month interaction was not found to mediate the impact of preterm birth on quality of attachment.
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Papers by Diane Wille