In this study, we examined the gender role and the effects of climate change adaptation practices... more In this study, we examined the gender role and the effects of climate change adaptation practices on small-scale vegetable farmers in Delta State. Specific objectives were to; estimate the determinants of climate change adaptation strategy; (ii) examine the resilience level of vegetable farmers by gender and analyze the impact of climate change on net farm income of vegetable farmers. A purposive sampling procedure was adopted where Ethiope East, Okpe, and Uvwie local government areas were selected from Delta Central Agricultural Zone. 119 vegetable farmers were selected for the study. In the regression analysis, descriptive statistics and Multinomial and Binary Logistic Regression Model were used to analyze the data collected during this study. Using the likelihood ratio Chi-square value of 68.5722 as a result of the determinant of climate change adaptation practices, the multinomial regression model fits accurately in estimating the determinant of climate change at a 1 percent probability level. As a result of binary logistics regression, the Black Chi was significant at 1 percent. This means that climate change events have affected vegetable farmers' income negatively. This therefore calls for more effort from the government to strengthen the provision of agricultural extension services by improving its climate information system, providing recommended agricultural inputs and training farmers on best agronomic practices to enhance their holistic adaptation to the effect of climate change.
This study delved into the comprehensive analysis of aquaculture farming in Delta State, specific... more This study delved into the comprehensive analysis of aquaculture farming in Delta State, specifically focusing on the financial viability and technical efficiency of cluster operations. As aquaculture plays a crucial in meeting global seafood demands, understanding the dynamics at the regional level become imperative. The study employed a multifaceted approach to assess the financial viability of aquaculture farming, technical efficiency of aquaculture production. By adopting a cluster based perspective, the research aims to unravel the intricacies of collaborative farming operations, identifying synergies that contribute to enhanced financial outcome. Insights garnered from this financial evaluation can provide stakeholders with strategic guidance for sustainable economic practices within the aquaculture sector. The research draws on a diverse set of data source, including financial records, production metrics, focus group discussions and questionnaire distributions. Statistical tools and econometric models are applied to quantify the relationships between various variables, providing a clear understanding of the factors influencing technical efficiency and financial Findings from this study showed that the price of labour, price of fish feeds and price of medicine had a significant effect on efficiency of aqua farming with a coefficient of 0.5468**,-0.7862**,-0.8896** respectively. The result of the technical efficiency , (25.0%) falls within the 0.71-0.8 range, indicating a high level of technical efficiency of aqua farmers. This is followed by those in the 0.31-0.4 and 0.51-0.6 ranges, each with 11.2% of farmers. In contrast. The result of the BCR showed a significant variation in profitability highlights of aqua farming operations in the study area are more financially rewarding, with a net return on investment (ROI) of 0.58. However, the technical efficiencies and productivities of aqua farmers in clusters were significantly high regardless of how biases were corrected, implying that participation in cluster group is positively related to increases in aqua farmers output.
World Journal Of Advanced Research and Reviews, Oct 29, 2023
Poultry production system plays an important economic, nutritional and socio-cultural role in the... more Poultry production system plays an important economic, nutritional and socio-cultural role in the livelihood of households in Delta State, Nigeria. Our present knowledge of the effect of climate change variables on poultry sub sector is significantly inadequate, unclear and thus attracting empirical investigation in recent times. This study drives its significance from the current global and national debates on climate change and its impact on livestock production system, particularly among poultry production systems. This study investigates the effects of climate change variables on poultry production system in Delta State, Nigeria (2008-2018). A ten year (2008-2018) time series data were collected on climate variables (temperature, humidity rainfall and sunshine duration) were elicited from NIMET website. Also 10 year time series data on poultry egg and broiler production were collected from FAOSTAT. Collected data were analysed with the relevant statistical tools (descriptive statistics and inferential statistics). The result shows that poultry meat output range from 26,000 to 273000 tonnes with a mean of 200,738.63 tonnes. Poultry egg output ranges between 489,288 tonnes to 660,000 with a mean of 591,327.45 tonnes. Multiple regression result shows that climate variable s explained 60.2% of the variation in poultry production. Test of hypothesis reveals that temperature and rainfall are the most significant climate variable (P≤0.05) that influenced poultry production. It was recommended that strategic climate change actions such as regulating poultry house temperature, should be practiced by poultry farmers in order to generate better output of eggs and broiler.
Abstract The threat of climate change on agri-production systems in Sub-Sahara Africa (SSA) has b... more Abstract The threat of climate change on agri-production systems in Sub-Sahara Africa (SSA) has been well documented. Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) is being promoted among farmers as a way of adapting to the effect of climate change on agricultural systems. This study used primary data from 300 farmers in the Zabzugu and South Tongu districts of Ghana. We fitted an Endogenous-Switching Poisson regression model to determine the drivers of farmers' participation in climate change capacity building programmes and the concomitant effect of participation on adoption intensity of Climate Smart Agricultural Practices (CSAPs). The study found that participation in climate change capacity building training is endogenous and is positively influenced by farmers' access to agricultural extension services and membership of farmer-based organisations (FBOs). Consequently, participation in capacity building training, family labour, and agricultural insurance significantly influenced farmers' CSAPs adoption intensity. We recommend, based on these findings, that climate change and agricultural projects incorporate farmer training on CSAPs in their programming, in order to guide the adoption of multiple practices. Here, extension agents and FBOs should be targeted to disseminate information to farmers. An important finding from this study relates to the significant effect of agricultural insurance on adoption intensity of CSAPs. We argue that farm insurance reduces the risk of investing in climate mitigation practices for smallholder farmers and for that matter, national agricultural policies should facilitate farmers’ subscription to crop insurance as a mechanism to increase resilience to climate risks and shocks.
The study examined the effects of herder-farmer conflict on output of food crops among respondent... more The study examined the effects of herder-farmer conflict on output of food crops among respondents. A sampling technique applied was multistage sampling in selection of respondents. Data were collected through administration of questionnaire for 768 respondents out of which 648 respondents were found useful for the work. Data were analysed with the use of likert scale, regression models and descriptive statistics. The study revealed that farmer-herder conflict, hired labour, amount of money spent on seed, amount of money spent on fertilizer, age, farming experience, amount of money spent on weeding, farm size, household size and contact with extension agent have positive differential coefficient, hence, positive relationship exist between the aforementioned variables and production output. The study therefore recommends that Nigeria‘s government should invest in the security area by consistently providing the security personnel with upgraded security gadgets and adequate security f...
Résumé/Abstract Beside meat products, spices are used in preparation of various foods for seasoni... more Résumé/Abstract Beside meat products, spices are used in preparation of various foods for seasoning, flavouring and imparting aroma in all over the world. Because of the warm and humid climate, poor collection conditions, unpretentious production process and extended ...
Looking to the future The assessment has confirmed CMD reduction, yield and productivity increase... more Looking to the future The assessment has confirmed CMD reduction, yield and productivity increases achieved by farmers as well as the success of many of the processing enterprises. However a number of ongoing challenges require support by national institutions. These include a need for (i) ongoing support to improve the capacity of local fabricators and processors to ensure the profitability and sustainability of processing enterprises, (ii) improving access to inputs including credit by farmers, processing enterprises, and traders, (iii) promoting appropriate mechanization to reduce labor costs, (iv) resolving internal group disagreements, (v) advocating for enforcement of policies, especially the use of cassava flour in bread-making, and (vi) reducing the problems contributing to irregular and unreliable power supply and poor infrastructure. The full potential impact of CEDP is likely to be achieved in the five years after project closure, as national institutions take up the identified challenges. It would then be appropriate to reassess the sustainability of the cassava production and processing enterprises that have been established.
Journal of Biology Agriculture and Healthcare, 2015
The study focused on the alternative banking methods among rural farming households in Delta Stat... more The study focused on the alternative banking methods among rural farming households in Delta State, Nigeria. The study also examined the rural farming households' constraints to their choice of banking methods in the State. Samples for the study were obtained using multistage sampling techniques (procedure) in random selection of local government, communities and rural farming households. Firstly, three local government areas each were selected from each of the three agricultural zones in the state making up to nine (9) local government areas from the twenty-five (25) local government areas. Secondly, two communities from each of the local government areas were selected, making it up to 18 communities. Finally, twenty rural households were randomly selected from each of the sampled communities making it up to three hundred and sixty rural households. Only three hundred and twenty (320) respondents were utilized for this research study. The study reveals that primary education with household size of 10 persons dominated the rural farming households in the State. The mean age of respondents in the state is 46 years engaging in farming activities and dominated by female headed households. Most rural farming households were married engaging mostly in arable crop production and livestock production. Most rural farming households are engaged in mobile banking called Osusu and commercial banking, while Agricultural banking was lacking in the area. Most respondents strongly agreed that the processes of loan acquisition in convectional banks are discouraging and convectional banks loan attract more percentages compare to mobile banking. The choice of mobile banking may have been due to easy accessibility to loan acquisition for their farming activities. The study therefore recommends that unorganized banking should be encouraged by Government agencies in terms of policies for smooth operations. The study also recommends that convectional banks should be closer to the rural farming households with easy access to their loan facilities for farming operations.
This study investigated the technical and scale efficiencies in rice production by rice farmers i... more This study investigated the technical and scale efficiencies in rice production by rice farmers in Ebonyi State Nigeria using the data envelopment analysis (DEA). Data was collected from a sample of 180 farmers using multi-stage sampling technique. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Data Envelopment Analysis (DAE) approach. The result showed that majority of the rice farmers were operating with increasing returns to scale 77.2%, 18.99% decreasing returns to scale and only 3.9% with constant returns to scale. The result further indicated that only 5.56% of the farmers were 100% technically efficient in resource – utilization under variable returns to scale (VRS). Result of the analysis also showed that education level, farmers experience and extension agents visit significantly influenced the efficiency level of the rice farmers. Farm size was however negatively correlated and had no significant effect on resource use efficiency of the rice farmers. The variables hav...
Summary In order to examine the role of small-holder livestock production in reducing rural pover... more Summary In order to examine the role of small-holder livestock production in reducing rural poverty among small-scale farmers in Delta State, Nigeria, structured questionnaire were administered randomly to 264 small-scale farmers in 24 communities in six local government areas of the State, using multistage sampling technique. Data collected include socio-economic characteristics of households, fl ock size, livestock income, annual income of households, index of food insecurity, improved nutrition, ownership of residential accommodation, educational level, as well as gender of household head. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data. Th e results showed that annual income, household size and gender of household head are statistically signifi cant determinants of the value of fl ock size in small-holder livestock production. Average annual household income from livestock keeping was N12,447.47 and this constituted 42.6% of the mean annual income of N31,262...
In order to determine the allocative effi ciency of broiler production enterprises in Delta State... more In order to determine the allocative effi ciency of broiler production enterprises in Delta State, Nigeria, panel data were collected for the period from January 2003 to September 2004, from 96 farmers, using a three-stage selection process. A production function incorporating inputs such as feed expenses, broiler stock size, operating and fi xed costs, with value of matured broilers as output was fi tted to the data. Th e results indicate that the average size of holdings is small, with a mean size of 680; average revenue per farm was N507,774.70 (US$3761.29) while net revenue per broiler was N 127.59 (US$0.95). Costs of feeds, day-old chicks and other capital inputs signifi cantly infl uenced the revenue generated by farmers (P < 0.05) except for fi xed capital expenses (P > 0.05). However, variable expenses were negatively related to output. Estimates of allocative effi ciency were 24.9, 24.8,-4.6 and 11.9 for stock size, feed expenses, variable expenses and fi xed capital inputs respectively. Th e implications are that though the farmers are generally and allocatively effi cient, they need to increase the quantity of inputs in order to maximize profi ts. Farmers should be supported to expand the size of their holding and make better use of their resources by enhanced access to production credits and onfarm training.
The authors attempted to ascertain the entrepreneurial potential of poultry farmers in Delta Stat... more The authors attempted to ascertain the entrepreneurial potential of poultry farmers in Delta State using farmers' scores in six entrepreneurial traits measured on a five-point Likert scale. The study covered the population of 275 poultry farmers in the State. The objectives were to ascertain the level of entrepreneurial traits of Poultry farmers and to determine the distribution of poultry farm entrepreneurs by category, namely; low, average and high potential, across the three agricultural zones. The hypotheses tested were that entrepreneurial traits of poultry farmers were not above average and that there was no significant variation in poultry farmers' entrepreneurial potentials across the three agricultural zones. Primary data were collected using copies of a structured questionnaire. By using analysis of variance and test of differences between a test value of 3.4, major findings were that poultry farmers were above average in three entrepreneurial traits but with signi...
In this study, we examined the gender role and the effects of climate change adaptation practices... more In this study, we examined the gender role and the effects of climate change adaptation practices on small-scale vegetable farmers in Delta State. Specific objectives were to; estimate the determinants of climate change adaptation strategy; (ii) examine the resilience level of vegetable farmers by gender and analyze the impact of climate change on net farm income of vegetable farmers. A purposive sampling procedure was adopted where Ethiope East, Okpe, and Uvwie local government areas were selected from Delta Central Agricultural Zone. 119 vegetable farmers were selected for the study. In the regression analysis, descriptive statistics and Multinomial and Binary Logistic Regression Model were used to analyze the data collected during this study. Using the likelihood ratio Chi-square value of 68.5722 as a result of the determinant of climate change adaptation practices, the multinomial regression model fits accurately in estimating the determinant of climate change at a 1 percent probability level. As a result of binary logistics regression, the Black Chi was significant at 1 percent. This means that climate change events have affected vegetable farmers' income negatively. This therefore calls for more effort from the government to strengthen the provision of agricultural extension services by improving its climate information system, providing recommended agricultural inputs and training farmers on best agronomic practices to enhance their holistic adaptation to the effect of climate change.
This study delved into the comprehensive analysis of aquaculture farming in Delta State, specific... more This study delved into the comprehensive analysis of aquaculture farming in Delta State, specifically focusing on the financial viability and technical efficiency of cluster operations. As aquaculture plays a crucial in meeting global seafood demands, understanding the dynamics at the regional level become imperative. The study employed a multifaceted approach to assess the financial viability of aquaculture farming, technical efficiency of aquaculture production. By adopting a cluster based perspective, the research aims to unravel the intricacies of collaborative farming operations, identifying synergies that contribute to enhanced financial outcome. Insights garnered from this financial evaluation can provide stakeholders with strategic guidance for sustainable economic practices within the aquaculture sector. The research draws on a diverse set of data source, including financial records, production metrics, focus group discussions and questionnaire distributions. Statistical tools and econometric models are applied to quantify the relationships between various variables, providing a clear understanding of the factors influencing technical efficiency and financial Findings from this study showed that the price of labour, price of fish feeds and price of medicine had a significant effect on efficiency of aqua farming with a coefficient of 0.5468**,-0.7862**,-0.8896** respectively. The result of the technical efficiency , (25.0%) falls within the 0.71-0.8 range, indicating a high level of technical efficiency of aqua farmers. This is followed by those in the 0.31-0.4 and 0.51-0.6 ranges, each with 11.2% of farmers. In contrast. The result of the BCR showed a significant variation in profitability highlights of aqua farming operations in the study area are more financially rewarding, with a net return on investment (ROI) of 0.58. However, the technical efficiencies and productivities of aqua farmers in clusters were significantly high regardless of how biases were corrected, implying that participation in cluster group is positively related to increases in aqua farmers output.
World Journal Of Advanced Research and Reviews, Oct 29, 2023
Poultry production system plays an important economic, nutritional and socio-cultural role in the... more Poultry production system plays an important economic, nutritional and socio-cultural role in the livelihood of households in Delta State, Nigeria. Our present knowledge of the effect of climate change variables on poultry sub sector is significantly inadequate, unclear and thus attracting empirical investigation in recent times. This study drives its significance from the current global and national debates on climate change and its impact on livestock production system, particularly among poultry production systems. This study investigates the effects of climate change variables on poultry production system in Delta State, Nigeria (2008-2018). A ten year (2008-2018) time series data were collected on climate variables (temperature, humidity rainfall and sunshine duration) were elicited from NIMET website. Also 10 year time series data on poultry egg and broiler production were collected from FAOSTAT. Collected data were analysed with the relevant statistical tools (descriptive statistics and inferential statistics). The result shows that poultry meat output range from 26,000 to 273000 tonnes with a mean of 200,738.63 tonnes. Poultry egg output ranges between 489,288 tonnes to 660,000 with a mean of 591,327.45 tonnes. Multiple regression result shows that climate variable s explained 60.2% of the variation in poultry production. Test of hypothesis reveals that temperature and rainfall are the most significant climate variable (P≤0.05) that influenced poultry production. It was recommended that strategic climate change actions such as regulating poultry house temperature, should be practiced by poultry farmers in order to generate better output of eggs and broiler.
Abstract The threat of climate change on agri-production systems in Sub-Sahara Africa (SSA) has b... more Abstract The threat of climate change on agri-production systems in Sub-Sahara Africa (SSA) has been well documented. Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) is being promoted among farmers as a way of adapting to the effect of climate change on agricultural systems. This study used primary data from 300 farmers in the Zabzugu and South Tongu districts of Ghana. We fitted an Endogenous-Switching Poisson regression model to determine the drivers of farmers&amp;amp;amp;#39; participation in climate change capacity building programmes and the concomitant effect of participation on adoption intensity of Climate Smart Agricultural Practices (CSAPs). The study found that participation in climate change capacity building training is endogenous and is positively influenced by farmers&amp;amp;amp;#39; access to agricultural extension services and membership of farmer-based organisations (FBOs). Consequently, participation in capacity building training, family labour, and agricultural insurance significantly influenced farmers&amp;amp;amp;#39; CSAPs adoption intensity. We recommend, based on these findings, that climate change and agricultural projects incorporate farmer training on CSAPs in their programming, in order to guide the adoption of multiple practices. Here, extension agents and FBOs should be targeted to disseminate information to farmers. An important finding from this study relates to the significant effect of agricultural insurance on adoption intensity of CSAPs. We argue that farm insurance reduces the risk of investing in climate mitigation practices for smallholder farmers and for that matter, national agricultural policies should facilitate farmers’ subscription to crop insurance as a mechanism to increase resilience to climate risks and shocks.
The study examined the effects of herder-farmer conflict on output of food crops among respondent... more The study examined the effects of herder-farmer conflict on output of food crops among respondents. A sampling technique applied was multistage sampling in selection of respondents. Data were collected through administration of questionnaire for 768 respondents out of which 648 respondents were found useful for the work. Data were analysed with the use of likert scale, regression models and descriptive statistics. The study revealed that farmer-herder conflict, hired labour, amount of money spent on seed, amount of money spent on fertilizer, age, farming experience, amount of money spent on weeding, farm size, household size and contact with extension agent have positive differential coefficient, hence, positive relationship exist between the aforementioned variables and production output. The study therefore recommends that Nigeria‘s government should invest in the security area by consistently providing the security personnel with upgraded security gadgets and adequate security f...
Résumé/Abstract Beside meat products, spices are used in preparation of various foods for seasoni... more Résumé/Abstract Beside meat products, spices are used in preparation of various foods for seasoning, flavouring and imparting aroma in all over the world. Because of the warm and humid climate, poor collection conditions, unpretentious production process and extended ...
Looking to the future The assessment has confirmed CMD reduction, yield and productivity increase... more Looking to the future The assessment has confirmed CMD reduction, yield and productivity increases achieved by farmers as well as the success of many of the processing enterprises. However a number of ongoing challenges require support by national institutions. These include a need for (i) ongoing support to improve the capacity of local fabricators and processors to ensure the profitability and sustainability of processing enterprises, (ii) improving access to inputs including credit by farmers, processing enterprises, and traders, (iii) promoting appropriate mechanization to reduce labor costs, (iv) resolving internal group disagreements, (v) advocating for enforcement of policies, especially the use of cassava flour in bread-making, and (vi) reducing the problems contributing to irregular and unreliable power supply and poor infrastructure. The full potential impact of CEDP is likely to be achieved in the five years after project closure, as national institutions take up the identified challenges. It would then be appropriate to reassess the sustainability of the cassava production and processing enterprises that have been established.
Journal of Biology Agriculture and Healthcare, 2015
The study focused on the alternative banking methods among rural farming households in Delta Stat... more The study focused on the alternative banking methods among rural farming households in Delta State, Nigeria. The study also examined the rural farming households' constraints to their choice of banking methods in the State. Samples for the study were obtained using multistage sampling techniques (procedure) in random selection of local government, communities and rural farming households. Firstly, three local government areas each were selected from each of the three agricultural zones in the state making up to nine (9) local government areas from the twenty-five (25) local government areas. Secondly, two communities from each of the local government areas were selected, making it up to 18 communities. Finally, twenty rural households were randomly selected from each of the sampled communities making it up to three hundred and sixty rural households. Only three hundred and twenty (320) respondents were utilized for this research study. The study reveals that primary education with household size of 10 persons dominated the rural farming households in the State. The mean age of respondents in the state is 46 years engaging in farming activities and dominated by female headed households. Most rural farming households were married engaging mostly in arable crop production and livestock production. Most rural farming households are engaged in mobile banking called Osusu and commercial banking, while Agricultural banking was lacking in the area. Most respondents strongly agreed that the processes of loan acquisition in convectional banks are discouraging and convectional banks loan attract more percentages compare to mobile banking. The choice of mobile banking may have been due to easy accessibility to loan acquisition for their farming activities. The study therefore recommends that unorganized banking should be encouraged by Government agencies in terms of policies for smooth operations. The study also recommends that convectional banks should be closer to the rural farming households with easy access to their loan facilities for farming operations.
This study investigated the technical and scale efficiencies in rice production by rice farmers i... more This study investigated the technical and scale efficiencies in rice production by rice farmers in Ebonyi State Nigeria using the data envelopment analysis (DEA). Data was collected from a sample of 180 farmers using multi-stage sampling technique. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Data Envelopment Analysis (DAE) approach. The result showed that majority of the rice farmers were operating with increasing returns to scale 77.2%, 18.99% decreasing returns to scale and only 3.9% with constant returns to scale. The result further indicated that only 5.56% of the farmers were 100% technically efficient in resource – utilization under variable returns to scale (VRS). Result of the analysis also showed that education level, farmers experience and extension agents visit significantly influenced the efficiency level of the rice farmers. Farm size was however negatively correlated and had no significant effect on resource use efficiency of the rice farmers. The variables hav...
Summary In order to examine the role of small-holder livestock production in reducing rural pover... more Summary In order to examine the role of small-holder livestock production in reducing rural poverty among small-scale farmers in Delta State, Nigeria, structured questionnaire were administered randomly to 264 small-scale farmers in 24 communities in six local government areas of the State, using multistage sampling technique. Data collected include socio-economic characteristics of households, fl ock size, livestock income, annual income of households, index of food insecurity, improved nutrition, ownership of residential accommodation, educational level, as well as gender of household head. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data. Th e results showed that annual income, household size and gender of household head are statistically signifi cant determinants of the value of fl ock size in small-holder livestock production. Average annual household income from livestock keeping was N12,447.47 and this constituted 42.6% of the mean annual income of N31,262...
In order to determine the allocative effi ciency of broiler production enterprises in Delta State... more In order to determine the allocative effi ciency of broiler production enterprises in Delta State, Nigeria, panel data were collected for the period from January 2003 to September 2004, from 96 farmers, using a three-stage selection process. A production function incorporating inputs such as feed expenses, broiler stock size, operating and fi xed costs, with value of matured broilers as output was fi tted to the data. Th e results indicate that the average size of holdings is small, with a mean size of 680; average revenue per farm was N507,774.70 (US$3761.29) while net revenue per broiler was N 127.59 (US$0.95). Costs of feeds, day-old chicks and other capital inputs signifi cantly infl uenced the revenue generated by farmers (P < 0.05) except for fi xed capital expenses (P > 0.05). However, variable expenses were negatively related to output. Estimates of allocative effi ciency were 24.9, 24.8,-4.6 and 11.9 for stock size, feed expenses, variable expenses and fi xed capital inputs respectively. Th e implications are that though the farmers are generally and allocatively effi cient, they need to increase the quantity of inputs in order to maximize profi ts. Farmers should be supported to expand the size of their holding and make better use of their resources by enhanced access to production credits and onfarm training.
The authors attempted to ascertain the entrepreneurial potential of poultry farmers in Delta Stat... more The authors attempted to ascertain the entrepreneurial potential of poultry farmers in Delta State using farmers' scores in six entrepreneurial traits measured on a five-point Likert scale. The study covered the population of 275 poultry farmers in the State. The objectives were to ascertain the level of entrepreneurial traits of Poultry farmers and to determine the distribution of poultry farm entrepreneurs by category, namely; low, average and high potential, across the three agricultural zones. The hypotheses tested were that entrepreneurial traits of poultry farmers were not above average and that there was no significant variation in poultry farmers' entrepreneurial potentials across the three agricultural zones. Primary data were collected using copies of a structured questionnaire. By using analysis of variance and test of differences between a test value of 3.4, major findings were that poultry farmers were above average in three entrepreneurial traits but with signi...
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