The authors have compiled a catalog of 168 chromospherically active binary stars including the cl... more The authors have compiled a catalog of 168 chromospherically active binary stars including the class of RS Canum Venaticorum binaries, BY Draconis binaries and other binaries which show "strong" Ca II H and K emission in their spectra. The catalog contains information on the photometric, spectroscopic, orbital and physical properties of the systems as well as the space motions and
The cold-water-fish pathogen Vibrio salmonicida expresses a functional bacterial luciferase but p... more The cold-water-fish pathogen Vibrio salmonicida expresses a functional bacterial luciferase but produces insufficient levels of its aliphatic-aldehyde substrate to be detectably luminous in culture. Our goals were to (i) better explain this cryptic bioluminescence phenotype through molecular characterization of the lux operon and (ii) test whether the bioluminescence gene cluster is associated with virulence. Cloning and sequencing of the V. salmonicida lux operon revealed that homologs of all of the genes required for luminescence are present: luxAB (luciferase) and luxCDE (aliphatic-aldehyde synthesis). The arrangement and sequence of these structural lux genes are conserved compared to those in related species of luminous bacteria. However, V. salmonicida strains have a novel arrangement and number of homologs of the luxR and luxI quorum-sensing regulatory genes. Reverse transcriptase PCR analysis suggests that this novel arrangement of quorum-sensing genes generates antisense tr...
Biology of the cell / under the auspices of the European Cell Biology Organization
This review focuses on the important physiological messenger, nitric oxide (NO), and its role in ... more This review focuses on the important physiological messenger, nitric oxide (NO), and its role in N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) excitotoxicity. NO has been shown to be a key mediator of voltage-gated Ca(+2) transmembrane proteins. It remains unclear whether NO is implicated during hypoxia, or ischemic/reperfusion injuries as a neuroprotective or neurodegenerative factor. Excitotoxicity results from the excessive stimulation of excitatory glutamate receptors within the CNS. This review maintains that the feed-forward pathway precipitated by oxidative stress is the discriminating factor in the neuroprotective or neurodegenerative actions of NO.
Ethanol can enhance G(salpha)-stimulated adenylyl cyclase (AC) activity. Of the nine isoforms of ... more Ethanol can enhance G(salpha)-stimulated adenylyl cyclase (AC) activity. Of the nine isoforms of AC, type 7 (AC7) is the most sensitive to ethanol. The potentiation of AC7 by ethanol is dependent on protein kinase C (PKC). We designed studies to determine which PKC isotype(s) are involved in the potentiation of Galpha(s)-activated AC7 activity by ethanol and to investigate the direct phosphorylation of AC7 by PKC. AC7 was phosphorylated in vitro by the catalytic subunits of PKCs. The addition of ethanol to AC7-transfected HEK 293 cells increased the endogenous phosphorylation of AC7, as indicated by a decreased "back-phosphorylation" of AC7 by PKC in vitro. The potentiation of Galpha(s)-stimulated AC7 activity by either phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate or ethanol, in HEL cells endogenously expressing AC7, was not through the Ca(2+)-sensitive conventional PKCs. However, the potentiation of AC7 activity by ethanol or phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate was found to be reduced by the selective ...
Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) is a common and debilitating condition that typically manifests in ... more Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) is a common and debilitating condition that typically manifests in adolescence. Here we describe cognitive factors engaged by brain-imaging tasks, which model the peer-based social interactions that evoke symptoms of SAD. We then present preliminary results from the Virtual School paradigm, a novel peer-based social interaction task. This paradigm is designed to investigate the neural mechanisms mediating individual differences in social response flexibility and in participants' responses to uncertainty in social contexts. We discuss the utility of this new paradigm for research on brain function and developmental psychopathology.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Jan 27, 2007
At the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, one-half of the rice-wat... more At the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, one-half of the rice-water stool samples that were culture-positive for Vibrio cholerae did not contain motile V. cholerae by standard darkfield microscopy and were defined as darkfield-negative (DF(-)). We evaluated the host and microbial factors associated with DF status, as well as the impact of DF status on transmission. Viable counts of V. cholerae in DF(-) stools were three logs lower than in DF(+) stools, although DF(-) and DF(+) stools had similar direct counts of V. cholerae by microscopy. In DF(-) samples, non-V. cholerae bacteria outnumbered V. cholerae 10:1. Lytic V. cholerae bacteriophage were present in 90% of DF(-) samples compared with 35% of DF(+) samples, suggesting that bacteriophage may limit culture-positive patients from producing DF(+) stools. V. cholerae in DF(-) and DF(+) samples were found both planktonically and in distinct nonplanktonic populations; the distribution of organisms betw...
Multiple studies of the impact of lifestyle factors on the development of prostate cancer have yi... more Multiple studies of the impact of lifestyle factors on the development of prostate cancer have yielded inconsistent results. This may be due to unrecognized heterogeneity of the study populations, specifically genetic polymorphisms, which directly affect lifestyle interventions. We review some known polymorphisms and mechanisms of action as related to dietary and other lifestyle interventions and prostate cancer carcinogenesis. Further identification of genes affected by dietary/environmental changes will enable knowledgeable lifestyle interventions on an individual basis.
Zimbabwe offers the most recent example of the tragedy that befalls a country and its people when... more Zimbabwe offers the most recent example of the tragedy that befalls a country and its people when cholera strikes. The 2008-2009 outbreak rapidly spread across every province and brought rates of mortality similar to those witnessed as a consequence of cholera infections a hundred years ago. In this Review we highlight the advances that will help to unravel how interactions between the host, the bacterial pathogen and the lytic bacteriophage might propel and quench cholera outbreaks in endemic settings and in emergent epidemic regions such as Zimbabwe.
Influenza B virus (IBV) causes seasonal epidemics in humans. Although IBV has been isolated from ... more Influenza B virus (IBV) causes seasonal epidemics in humans. Although IBV has been isolated from seals, humans are considered to be the primary host and reservoir of this important pathogen. It is unclear whether other animal species can support the replication of IBV and serve as a reservoir. Swine are naturally infected with both influenza A and C viruses. To determine the susceptibility of pigs to IBV infection, we conducted a serological survey for U.S. Midwest domestic swine herds from 2010 to 2012. Results of this study showed that antibodies to IBVs were detected in 38.5% (20/52) of sampled farms and 7.3% (41/560) of tested swine serum samples were positive for IBV antibodies. Furthermore, swine herds infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) showed a higher prevalence of IBV antibodies in our 2014 survey. In addition, IBV was detected in 3 nasal swabs collected from PRRSV seropositive pigs by real-time RT-PCR and sequencing. Finally, an experi...
Background: Research on domestic violence (DV) sentencing, post-conviction, has mostly focused on... more Background: Research on domestic violence (DV) sentencing, post-conviction, has mostly focused on incarceration and re-education programs, ignoring more than a dozen other components of the criminal sentence. Therefore, little is known, overall, about the breadth of DV sentencing, antecedents that may shape the content of the sentence, and a possible relationship between the criminal sentence and a theorized natural process believed to significantly reduce DV recidivism simply as a function of aging. Results: Data from this empirical study (N = 1,810) reveals rates of female DV recidivism decrease by about 2.56% per year, between ages 22-61, and males by about 3.13% per year between ages 28-60. These data closely match Federal Bureau of Investigation rates for recidivism, by age and sex, for violent crime in general. The study also identified 16 sentencing components used by judges in DV cases. Logistic regression on data from a randomly selected subset (n = 366), using the 16 sentencing components as dichotomous outcomes, regressed against 49 antecedent variables, illuminated a number of factors that have a significant relationship with the content of individual DV sentences, including many extra investigative actions that police officers can operationalize when investigating DV crime. Conclusion: Confirmation of a natural process that diminishes rates of DV recidivism as a function of aging demonstrates the need to factor this effect into any equation designed to assess the effectiveness of DV sentencing, or re-education/treatment programs upon rates of recidivism. It also confirms that the natural process is an important part of the milieu in which the criminal sentence is operationalized. The results also demonstrate the need for police to thoroughly investigate all DV crime, and to list multiple charges whenever the facts support doing so, because doing so significantly raises rates of inclusion of several sentencing components.
Tobias Grossmanna,b,∗, Mark H. Johnsona, Amrisha Vaishc, David A. Hughesd, Dominique Quinqued, Ma... more Tobias Grossmanna,b,∗, Mark H. Johnsona, Amrisha Vaishc, David A. Hughesd, Dominique Quinqued, Mark Stonekingd, Angela D. Friedericib ... Article history: Received 29 April 2010 Received in revised form 5 July 2010 Accepted 6 July 2010 ... Keywords: Emotion Face ...
The authors have compiled a catalog of 168 chromospherically active binary stars including the cl... more The authors have compiled a catalog of 168 chromospherically active binary stars including the class of RS Canum Venaticorum binaries, BY Draconis binaries and other binaries which show "strong" Ca II H and K emission in their spectra. The catalog contains information on the photometric, spectroscopic, orbital and physical properties of the systems as well as the space motions and
The cold-water-fish pathogen Vibrio salmonicida expresses a functional bacterial luciferase but p... more The cold-water-fish pathogen Vibrio salmonicida expresses a functional bacterial luciferase but produces insufficient levels of its aliphatic-aldehyde substrate to be detectably luminous in culture. Our goals were to (i) better explain this cryptic bioluminescence phenotype through molecular characterization of the lux operon and (ii) test whether the bioluminescence gene cluster is associated with virulence. Cloning and sequencing of the V. salmonicida lux operon revealed that homologs of all of the genes required for luminescence are present: luxAB (luciferase) and luxCDE (aliphatic-aldehyde synthesis). The arrangement and sequence of these structural lux genes are conserved compared to those in related species of luminous bacteria. However, V. salmonicida strains have a novel arrangement and number of homologs of the luxR and luxI quorum-sensing regulatory genes. Reverse transcriptase PCR analysis suggests that this novel arrangement of quorum-sensing genes generates antisense tr...
Biology of the cell / under the auspices of the European Cell Biology Organization
This review focuses on the important physiological messenger, nitric oxide (NO), and its role in ... more This review focuses on the important physiological messenger, nitric oxide (NO), and its role in N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) excitotoxicity. NO has been shown to be a key mediator of voltage-gated Ca(+2) transmembrane proteins. It remains unclear whether NO is implicated during hypoxia, or ischemic/reperfusion injuries as a neuroprotective or neurodegenerative factor. Excitotoxicity results from the excessive stimulation of excitatory glutamate receptors within the CNS. This review maintains that the feed-forward pathway precipitated by oxidative stress is the discriminating factor in the neuroprotective or neurodegenerative actions of NO.
Ethanol can enhance G(salpha)-stimulated adenylyl cyclase (AC) activity. Of the nine isoforms of ... more Ethanol can enhance G(salpha)-stimulated adenylyl cyclase (AC) activity. Of the nine isoforms of AC, type 7 (AC7) is the most sensitive to ethanol. The potentiation of AC7 by ethanol is dependent on protein kinase C (PKC). We designed studies to determine which PKC isotype(s) are involved in the potentiation of Galpha(s)-activated AC7 activity by ethanol and to investigate the direct phosphorylation of AC7 by PKC. AC7 was phosphorylated in vitro by the catalytic subunits of PKCs. The addition of ethanol to AC7-transfected HEK 293 cells increased the endogenous phosphorylation of AC7, as indicated by a decreased "back-phosphorylation" of AC7 by PKC in vitro. The potentiation of Galpha(s)-stimulated AC7 activity by either phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate or ethanol, in HEL cells endogenously expressing AC7, was not through the Ca(2+)-sensitive conventional PKCs. However, the potentiation of AC7 activity by ethanol or phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate was found to be reduced by the selective ...
Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) is a common and debilitating condition that typically manifests in ... more Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) is a common and debilitating condition that typically manifests in adolescence. Here we describe cognitive factors engaged by brain-imaging tasks, which model the peer-based social interactions that evoke symptoms of SAD. We then present preliminary results from the Virtual School paradigm, a novel peer-based social interaction task. This paradigm is designed to investigate the neural mechanisms mediating individual differences in social response flexibility and in participants' responses to uncertainty in social contexts. We discuss the utility of this new paradigm for research on brain function and developmental psychopathology.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Jan 27, 2007
At the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, one-half of the rice-wat... more At the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, one-half of the rice-water stool samples that were culture-positive for Vibrio cholerae did not contain motile V. cholerae by standard darkfield microscopy and were defined as darkfield-negative (DF(-)). We evaluated the host and microbial factors associated with DF status, as well as the impact of DF status on transmission. Viable counts of V. cholerae in DF(-) stools were three logs lower than in DF(+) stools, although DF(-) and DF(+) stools had similar direct counts of V. cholerae by microscopy. In DF(-) samples, non-V. cholerae bacteria outnumbered V. cholerae 10:1. Lytic V. cholerae bacteriophage were present in 90% of DF(-) samples compared with 35% of DF(+) samples, suggesting that bacteriophage may limit culture-positive patients from producing DF(+) stools. V. cholerae in DF(-) and DF(+) samples were found both planktonically and in distinct nonplanktonic populations; the distribution of organisms betw...
Multiple studies of the impact of lifestyle factors on the development of prostate cancer have yi... more Multiple studies of the impact of lifestyle factors on the development of prostate cancer have yielded inconsistent results. This may be due to unrecognized heterogeneity of the study populations, specifically genetic polymorphisms, which directly affect lifestyle interventions. We review some known polymorphisms and mechanisms of action as related to dietary and other lifestyle interventions and prostate cancer carcinogenesis. Further identification of genes affected by dietary/environmental changes will enable knowledgeable lifestyle interventions on an individual basis.
Zimbabwe offers the most recent example of the tragedy that befalls a country and its people when... more Zimbabwe offers the most recent example of the tragedy that befalls a country and its people when cholera strikes. The 2008-2009 outbreak rapidly spread across every province and brought rates of mortality similar to those witnessed as a consequence of cholera infections a hundred years ago. In this Review we highlight the advances that will help to unravel how interactions between the host, the bacterial pathogen and the lytic bacteriophage might propel and quench cholera outbreaks in endemic settings and in emergent epidemic regions such as Zimbabwe.
Influenza B virus (IBV) causes seasonal epidemics in humans. Although IBV has been isolated from ... more Influenza B virus (IBV) causes seasonal epidemics in humans. Although IBV has been isolated from seals, humans are considered to be the primary host and reservoir of this important pathogen. It is unclear whether other animal species can support the replication of IBV and serve as a reservoir. Swine are naturally infected with both influenza A and C viruses. To determine the susceptibility of pigs to IBV infection, we conducted a serological survey for U.S. Midwest domestic swine herds from 2010 to 2012. Results of this study showed that antibodies to IBVs were detected in 38.5% (20/52) of sampled farms and 7.3% (41/560) of tested swine serum samples were positive for IBV antibodies. Furthermore, swine herds infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) showed a higher prevalence of IBV antibodies in our 2014 survey. In addition, IBV was detected in 3 nasal swabs collected from PRRSV seropositive pigs by real-time RT-PCR and sequencing. Finally, an experi...
Background: Research on domestic violence (DV) sentencing, post-conviction, has mostly focused on... more Background: Research on domestic violence (DV) sentencing, post-conviction, has mostly focused on incarceration and re-education programs, ignoring more than a dozen other components of the criminal sentence. Therefore, little is known, overall, about the breadth of DV sentencing, antecedents that may shape the content of the sentence, and a possible relationship between the criminal sentence and a theorized natural process believed to significantly reduce DV recidivism simply as a function of aging. Results: Data from this empirical study (N = 1,810) reveals rates of female DV recidivism decrease by about 2.56% per year, between ages 22-61, and males by about 3.13% per year between ages 28-60. These data closely match Federal Bureau of Investigation rates for recidivism, by age and sex, for violent crime in general. The study also identified 16 sentencing components used by judges in DV cases. Logistic regression on data from a randomly selected subset (n = 366), using the 16 sentencing components as dichotomous outcomes, regressed against 49 antecedent variables, illuminated a number of factors that have a significant relationship with the content of individual DV sentences, including many extra investigative actions that police officers can operationalize when investigating DV crime. Conclusion: Confirmation of a natural process that diminishes rates of DV recidivism as a function of aging demonstrates the need to factor this effect into any equation designed to assess the effectiveness of DV sentencing, or re-education/treatment programs upon rates of recidivism. It also confirms that the natural process is an important part of the milieu in which the criminal sentence is operationalized. The results also demonstrate the need for police to thoroughly investigate all DV crime, and to list multiple charges whenever the facts support doing so, because doing so significantly raises rates of inclusion of several sentencing components.
Tobias Grossmanna,b,∗, Mark H. Johnsona, Amrisha Vaishc, David A. Hughesd, Dominique Quinqued, Ma... more Tobias Grossmanna,b,∗, Mark H. Johnsona, Amrisha Vaishc, David A. Hughesd, Dominique Quinqued, Mark Stonekingd, Angela D. Friedericib ... Article history: Received 29 April 2010 Received in revised form 5 July 2010 Accepted 6 July 2010 ... Keywords: Emotion Face ...
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