Papers by Franklin Garcia-Godoy
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PubMed, Dec 1, 2015
Purpose: To evaluate the state of art on the relations between surface properties (surface roughn... more Purpose: To evaluate the state of art on the relations between surface properties (surface roughness, topography, surface free energy and chemistry) of resin-based composite materials and microbial adhesion and biofilm formation. Methods: An electronic search using Scopus and PubMed (until May 2015) was conducted applying the following search items: "Plaque OR Biofilm AND Surface chemistry", "Plaque OR Biofilm AND Surface-free energy", "Plaque OR Biofilm AND Roughness", "Surface characteristics AND Composites", "Biofilm AND Surface characteristics". Results: Surface properties of resin-based composite materials as well as surface treatments can strongly affect bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation, although the "ideal" surface features have not been identified yet. Moreover, investigations highlighted that cariogenic biofilm formation may alter materials' surface properties, thus encouraging bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation, starting a "vicious cycle" which might compromise restoration longevity.
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PubMed, Apr 1, 2022
Purpose: To quantify the biological contamination of a dental operatory environment using a biolo... more Purpose: To quantify the biological contamination of a dental operatory environment using a biological tracer. Methods: A Streptococcus mutans suspension was infused into the mouth of a phantom, and an operator performed standardized dental procedures using an air turbine, a contra-angle handpiece, or an ultrasonic scaler either with windows open or closed. The presence of the tracer was measured by placing Petri dishes with a selective medium at 18 sites on the dental unit and 38 sites in the surrounding operatory environment. Results: The contamination was drastically reduced when windows were opened, no matter which handpiece was used. Air turbine spread significantly higher contamination compared to contra-angle and scaler. All tested instruments spread the tracer over the entire dental unit and the surrounding environment, including the walls and ceiling; however, higher contamination levels were detected on the dental unit compared to the operatory surfaces. Opening windows during dental operative procedures greatly reduced contamination levels for all handpieces and can be recommended for reducing airborne contamination levels. Clinical significance: The significant levels of airborne contamination produced when operating dental handpieces can be significantly reduced by natural ventilation, i.e., simply opening the windows.
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PubMed, Oct 1, 2020
Purpose: To investigate whether the addition of sodium-DNA (Na-DNA) to chlorhexidine (CHX)-contai... more Purpose: To investigate whether the addition of sodium-DNA (Na-DNA) to chlorhexidine (CHX)-containing mouthwash influenced morphology and viability of a reconstituted human oral epithelium (ROE), and protects ROE against oxidative stress. Methods: Multi-layered 0.5 cm² ROE specimens were positioned inside a continuous flow bioreactor and grown air-lifted for 24 hours. They were treated with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (n= 16) or 1 vol% H₂O₂ for 1 minute (n= 16). Then, they were treated for 5 (n= 8) or 30 minutes (n= 8) with the experimental mouthwash solutions containing: 0.2 wt% CHX, 0.2 wt% CHX + 0.2 wt% Na-DNA, 0.2 wt% Na-DNA, PBS. After 60 minutes washout specimens were subjected to tetrazolium-based viability assay (MTT) confocal laser-scanning microscopy (CLSM), and histological evaluation using optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results: ROE treated with Na-DNA for 30 minutes revealed significantly higher viability than PBS, and CHX + Na-DNA showed higher viability after 30-minute treatment than after 5 minutes, suggesting a significant protective activity of Na-DNA. Moreover, the protective effect of Na-DNA on cell viability was higher after the induction of oxidative stress. After treatment with CHX, CLSM revealed cell stress, leading to cell death in the outer layer. On the contrary, specimens treated with Na-DNA showed a much lower number of dead cells compared to PBS, both in the absence or presence of oxidative stress. Histological examination showed that the protective action of Na-DNA formulations reached more in-depth into the epithelium exposed to oxidative stress, due to intercellular spaces opening in the outer epithelium layers, giving way to Na-DNA to the inner parts of the epithelium. It can be concluded that Na-DNA had a topical protective activity when applied for 30 minutes unless the epithelium barrier is damaged, allowing it to act more in-depth. Clinical significance: Na-DNA showed a clear and protective action against cellular degeneration due to oxidative stress and, partly, to the exposure to CHX. Its addition to chlorhexidine mouthwash or gels could be clinically helpful in contrasting the detrimental activity of CHX on oral tissues, and in the preservation of cell viability, control of inflammation and wound healing.
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PubMed, Aug 1, 2014
Purpose: To evaluate if the intake of a fluoridated food supplement in breastfeeding mothers incr... more Purpose: To evaluate if the intake of a fluoridated food supplement in breastfeeding mothers increases the fluoride concentration in breast milk. Methods: A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study was designed. Two groups of women were formed: a fluoride group (n = 112), using a non-sucrose food supplement containing fluoride (1,500 μg/l for each dose) and a control group (n = 116), using a non-sucrose food supplement without fluoride content. The women were followed for 6 weeks. Samples of breast milk were collected and analyzed using an ion-specific electrode. Results: 85 women in the fluoride group and 83 in the control group concluded the trial. Fluoride concentrations in the two groups were statistically significantly different (515 μg/l in the fluoride and 476 μg/l in the control group P= 0.04) at the end of the experimental period. In the fluoride group, a statistically significant increment in fluoride concentration during the experimental period was also observed (from 468 ± 104 μg/l to 515 ± 105 μg/l). The use of a non-sucrose food supplement containing fluoride resulted in a significant increment in fluoride concentration in breast milk.
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PubMed, Oct 1, 2010
Purpose: To evaluate the antibacterial effect of different chlorhexidine (CHX) concentrations aga... more Purpose: To evaluate the antibacterial effect of different chlorhexidine (CHX) concentrations against Streptococcus mutans using the agar-diffusion method with and without human dentin discs placed between the bacteria and the test substances. Methods: For the direct application (agar-well technique), a base layer containing 15 mL of BHI agar and 300 microL of S. mutans inoculum (10(9) cfu/mL) was prepared in Petri dishes. Six wells per dish were made at equidistant points and immediately filled with CHX gels (0.12%, 0.2%, 1% and 2%), 35% phosphoric acid and pure natrosol (n = 6 wells/substance). Paper discs soaked in sterile distilled water served as control group (n = 6). For the indirect application (transdentinal diffusion), 0.2 mm- and 0.5 mm-thick human dentin discs (36 discs/thickness) had the hydraulic conductance determined, which allowed the homogeneous allocation of them to the experimental and control groups. The discs were placed at equidistant points on the Petri dishes containing BHI with the S. mutans inoculum (six discs per dish; one per substance) with the pulpal side in contact with the bacteria. In the discs treated with CHX gels, dentin surface was etched with H3PO4 and rinsed with distilled water before CHX gel application for 1 minute. After both direct and indirect application, the dishes were incubated for 24 hours and the bacterial growth inhibition zones formed around the wells and dentin discs were measured. Data were analyzed statistically by the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests at 5% significance level. Results: In the direct test, all CHX concentrations presented a dose-dependent antibacterial activity against S. mutans. In the indirect test, there were statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) among all groups and the largest microbial growth inhibition zones were observed when 2% CHX was applied on 0.2 mm-thick discs (P < 0.05). It was concluded that all evaluated CHX gels exhibited both direct and transdentinal antibacterial activity against S. mutans. This effect of CHX was strongly influenced by the CHX concentration as well as the dentin barrier thickness.
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PubMed, Oct 31, 1998
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength of brackets and the enamel morp... more The purpose of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength of brackets and the enamel morphology after using six methods for removal of adhesive after bracket debonding. A total of thirty-five recently extracted noncarious human premolars were used. The twin bracket Mini-Taurus was used with the Mono-Lok2 TM bonding system. Shear bond strength (MPa) was calculated. Immediately after the brackets were removed, the teeth were rinsed and dried, using an air-water syringe. The adhesive remnant index was calculated and the debonded teeth with residual adhesive material attached to the enamel surface were equally sorted in seven groups of five, as follows: Group 1. The residual adhesive was removed with a 12-blade tungsten carbide finishing bur in a high-speed handpiece, using water as the coolant. Group 2. The residual adhesive was removed with a 12-blade tungsten carbide finishing bur in a low-speed handpiece, using water as the coolant. Group 3. The residual adhesive was removed with an Arkansas stone: Dura-white stones for finishing composite in a high-speed handpiece using water as the coolant. Group 4. The residual adhesive was removed with an Arkansas stone: Dura-white stones for finishing composite in a low-speed handpiece, using water as the coolant. Group 5. The residual adhesive was removed with Sof-Lex aluminum oxide discs according to manufacturer's instructions in a low-speed handpiece, using water as the coolant. Group 6. The residual adhesive was removed with Enhance Composite Finishing Discs in a low-speed handpiece, using water as the coolant. In this group, the paste was not applied after the polishing discs. Group 7. The residual adhesive was removed with Enhance Composite Finishing Discs and Polishing Cups in a low-speed handpiece, using water as the coolant. Prisma-gloss polishing paste and ultrafine polishing paste were applied according to manufacturer's instructions. After removal of the adhesive, all teeth were evaluated with the scanning electron microscope. The results revealed a mean shear bond strength of 12.75 MPa. The higher the bond strength, the higher the percentage of ARI. The smoothest enamel surface was obtained when the Enhance system with the gloss polishing paste was used; the second smoothest enamel surface was obtained when using Sof-Lex discs. If the paste was not used with the Enhance system, the obtained surface was rougher than when using Sof-Lex discs.
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Journal of Applied Oral Science, Oct 1, 2012
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67
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Avances en odontoestomatología, Dec 1, 2003
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Avances en odontoestomatología, Dec 1, 2003
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Medicina Oral Patologia Oral Y Cirugia Bucal, 2019
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Operative Dentistry
SUMMARY Purpose To investigate the effect of a cervical cavity extending 1 mm apical to the cemen... more SUMMARY Purpose To investigate the effect of a cervical cavity extending 1 mm apical to the cemento–enamel junction (CEJ) on fracture resistance and failure mode of maxillary central incisors that have been treated endodontically, present with complete and incomplete ferrules, and are restored with and without a fiber post. Methods and Materials 50 intact human maxillary central incisors were divided into five groups (n=10): CG (control group) 6-mm fer-rule height, no cervical cavity, and without post; (CO) 6-mm ferrule height without post, with a cervical cavity (access to root canal and cervical cavity restored with composite resin), cervical cavity; and post with ferrule heights of 1 mm (CP1), 2 mm (CP2), and 6 mm (CP6) restored with fiberglass post and composite resin core. After complete metal crowns were cemented on all specimens, they were subjected to thermal cycling (6000 cycles, 5°C/55°C), followed by immediate testing of fracture resistance. After failure, the specimens w...
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American journal of dentistry, 2021
PURPOSE To evaluate color and gloss changes of three different resin composites after staining an... more PURPOSE To evaluate color and gloss changes of three different resin composites after staining and whitening. METHODS 57 disc-shaped composite samples were made for each of three resin composite materials [Activa BioActive Restorative (Activa), Filtek Supreme (Filtek), and TPH Spectra (TPH)], producing 19 samples per composite (n=19). Each group of resin samples was divided among four solutions: red wine, coffee, tea, and water (control), producing six samples per staining group (n=6) and one control (n=1). Samples were stained for 40 days for 3 hours/day at room temperature. When not undergoing staining/whitening, samples were stored in DI water at 37°C. Measurements were obtained for color and gloss before staining, after staining, and after whitening. Illuminant source specular component excluded (SCE) and included (SCI), with both CIE L*a*b* and CIE 2000 L*C*h* systems, were obtained with colorimetric measurements. The standard ΔE (total color change) = 3.3 was used as a clinica...
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Brazilian Dental Journal, 2021
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 2% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) on microte... more The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 2% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) on microtensile bond strength (µTBS) between an adhesive system and under 3 dentin conditions. For that, this study evaluated the adhesive interface at initial, after 6 months and 1 year of storage. Forty-eight human third molars were prepared and randomly divided into 3 groups, according to dentin substrates: sound dentin (Sd), caries-infected dentin (Ci) and caries-affected dentin (Ca). The groups were subdivided into two according to the dentin pre-treatment: application of 2% CHX or without pre-treatment (control). The dentin surfaces were etched with 35% phosphoric acid gel and bonded with Adper Single Bond 2 (3M ESPE) adhesive system according to manufacturer’s instructions. Subsequently, the specimens were stored in deionized water at 37°C for 24h, 6 months and 1 year. Two additional teeth were used to analyze the bonding interfaces by SEM. Data was submitted to three-way ANOVA in a split p...
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The Journal of the American Dental Association, 2020
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Polymers, 2020
Native collagen-based membranes are used to guide bone regeneration; but due to their rapid biode... more Native collagen-based membranes are used to guide bone regeneration; but due to their rapid biodegradation, this treatment is often unpredictable. The purpose of this study was to investigate the biodegradability of natural collagen membranes. Three non-cross-linked resorbable collagen barrier membranes were tested: Derma Fina (porcine dermis), Evolution Standard (equine pericardium) and Duo-Teck (equine lyophilized collagen felt). 10 × 10 mm2 pieces of membranes were submitted to three different degradation procedures: (1) hydrolytic degradation in phosphate buffer solution, (2) enzyme resistance, using a 0.25% porcine trypsin solution, and (3) bacterial (Clostridium histolyticum) collagenase resistance test. Weight measurements were performed with an analytic microbalance. Thickness was measured with a digital caliper. Membranes were analyzed at different time-points, up to 21 d of immersion. A stereomicroscope was used to obtain membranes’ images. ANOVA and Student Newman Keuls w...
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Brazilian Dental Journal, 2019
This study evaluated the influence of a retentive shoulder design to prevent early failure of thr... more This study evaluated the influence of a retentive shoulder design to prevent early failure of three resin composite build-ups on molars. Ninety-six intact extracted human maxillary third molars were assigned to two groups (n=48) based on occlusal, buccal cusps only and all cusps reduction. The groups were divided into two subgroups: pin retained and non-pin retained build-ups resulting in four groups (n=24), according the cusps reduction: pin retained/partial, pin retained/complete, non-pin retained/partial, non-pin retained/complete. Occlusal reduction was 3 mm with a semi-lunar retentive shoulder of 3 mm and an axial wall height of 1.5 mm. Groups were restored using a microhybrid, flowable or titanium reinforced resin composite. Modified self-curing acrylic resin provisional crowns were fabricated, cemented with non-eugenol temporary cement and thermal cycled. An instron machine applied tension to the provisional crowns parallel to the long axis of the tooth until dislodgement. A ...
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International Journal of Experimental Dental Science, 2016
ABSTRACTIntroductionIncreasing bone quality and quantity in the areas with insufficient bone volu... more ABSTRACTIntroductionIncreasing bone quality and quantity in the areas with insufficient bone volume is a major concern among scientists. Ideal bone substitute materials should have osteogenicity, osteoconductivity, and osteoinductivity. Clinoptilolite offers bovine deorganified crystalline bone materials, the advantage of being very similar to human bone with regard to its pore morphology and crystalline structure. This study evaluated the effect of adding Clinoptilolite to Bio-Oss on the osseous regeneration and bone healing process using serial dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA).Materials and methodsA total of 64 rabbits were anesthetized and a bone defect was created on both semi-mandibles. The rabbits were divided into four equal groups: A (Bio-Oss®); B (Bio-Oss® with 2% Clinoptilolite mixture); C (allograft); and D receiving no treatment. The bone healing response of animals was tested after 2, 14, 30, and 60 days.ResultsStatistical analysis showed significant differences a...
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Journal of Prosthodontics, 2019
PurposeTo investigate the effect of the location of a partial ferrule on 2 walls and the influenc... more PurposeTo investigate the effect of the location of a partial ferrule on 2 walls and the influence of ferrule height variations on remaining walls, fracture resistance, and failure mode of maxillary incisors endodontically treated and restored with fiber posts.Materials and MethodsSixty intact human maxillary central incisors were divided into 6 groups (n = 10): no ferrule (NF), 2‐mm ferrule (CF2), absence of lingual wall and 1 proximal wall with remaining walls’ height, 1 mm (IF1), 2 mm (IF2), 3 mm (IF3), and 4 mm (IF4). They were restored with a fiberglass post and composite resin core. Complete metal crowns were then cemented on all specimens. Completed specimens were subjected to thermal cycling (6000 cycles, 5°C/55°C) followed by the immediate testing of fracture resistance. After failure, the specimens were sectioned buccolingually and evaluated to identify the mode of failure. The data were analyzed with an ANOVA and the Student‐Newman‐Keuls multiple comparison tests (α = 0.0...
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Papers by Franklin Garcia-Godoy