Additional remains of small mammals (rodents-Hystrix sp., Bandicota cf. bengalensis, Millardia cf... more Additional remains of small mammals (rodents-Hystrix sp., Bandicota cf. bengalensis, Millardia cf. kathleenae, cf. Rattus rattus; Lagomorph-Lepus sp.) reptiles (Python sp. and serpentes indet., Varanus sp.), amphibian (cf. Bufo melanostictus) and aves (cf. Gallus gallus) are reported from deposits spanning the last 20,000 yrs BP of Muchchatla Chintamanu Gavi (MCG). In the Late Pleistocene, the area around the Kurnool Caves had a very diverse fauna indicating the presence of wooded grassland, gallery forest and a wellwatered landscape. In contrast, today the area is an arid shrubland and only a fraction of the Late Pleistocene vertebrate fauna has survived. The disappearance of several vertebrate taxa was probably due to a very arid phase of the Last Glacial Maxima (LGM). Excessive hunting by prehistoric man largely in Holocene time could have caused the demise of the mammals such as Rhinoceros, Equus, Bubalus, Bos, Boselephas, Antilope and Gazella. r
More than thousand years separate the decline of the Harappan urban civilization from the next ef... more More than thousand years separate the decline of the Harappan urban civilization from the next efflorescence of urban life starting around sixth century BCE, with the growth of Buddhism, in the Gangetic and other major river valleys of the Indian subcontinent (Ghosh ). Towns and cities emerged throughout the Middle Ganga Plains and remainder of the subcontinent with coalescence of population at different centres, providing a pansubcontinent network of urban areas that shared more or less common socio-economic spheres but relatively few and ephemeral political ties. In most parts of the subcontinent the emergence of state and urbanization during the second phase is generally regarded as the continuation of the cultural processes of the preceding Iron Age period. By the middle of the 1 st millennium BCE, the second urbanization in the region of the Gangetic valley and elsewhere grew as a result of interaction of multiple factors that were prompted by the conditions of geophysical situations and previous cultural developments.
Hathnora in Central Narmada valley (Madhya Pradesh) has earlier yielded a partial skullcap, and t... more Hathnora in Central Narmada valley (Madhya Pradesh) has earlier yielded a partial skullcap, and two cla-vicles and a 9th rib of Middle Pleistocene hominins. Recent explorations have brought to light two more hominin fossils—a humerus and a femur from a new locality, Netankheri. The femur is derived from the Middle Pleistocene stratigraphic horizon as the Hathnora skullcap, and shares similar “archaic” mosaic morphology of Homo heidelbergensis, also attested by new bio-stratigraphic and Palaeolithic data. The humerus is derived from the pre-YTA (~75 Kya) Upper Pleistocene strata in association with unique fos-silized bone artifacts and documents the early emergence of anatomically modern Homo sapiens in South Asia.
Postural and locomotor development is described for free-ranging groups of three monkey species: ... more Postural and locomotor development is described for free-ranging groups of three monkey species: Macaca mulatta (rhesus macaque), M. radiata (bonnet macaque) and Presbytis entellus (hanuman langur). Behaviors are discussed in terms of infant-1, infant-2, juvenile, adult and elderly age groups. Analysis is based on high-speed motion pictures and videos. Infant-1 monkeys continually cling to their mother's ventral surface with strong hand and foot grasps. Independent motor coordination develops during the infant-2 period. The greatest postural and locomotor activity, both qualitatively and quantitatively, is achieved during the juvenile period. The adult and elderly periods are characterized by a progressive reduction in the variety and, eventually, quality of these motor abilities. Macaques and langurs differ, however, in the course of their behavioral development. These findings have implications for concepts of underlying neural mechanisms, indicate possible species differences in the development of these mechanisms, and demonstrate that the spectrum of volitional behaviors practiced by different age groups of free-ranging animals is broader than that observed in the laboratory setting.
Additional remains of small mammals (rodents-Hystrix sp., Bandicota cf. bengalensis, Millardia cf... more Additional remains of small mammals (rodents-Hystrix sp., Bandicota cf. bengalensis, Millardia cf. kathleenae, cf. Rattus rattus; Lagomorph-Lepus sp.) reptiles (Python sp. and serpentes indet., Varanus sp.), amphibian (cf. Bufo melanostictus) and aves (cf. Gallus gallus) are reported from deposits spanning the last 20,000 yrs BP of Muchchatla Chintamanu Gavi (MCG). In the Late Pleistocene, the area around the Kurnool Caves had a very diverse fauna indicating the presence of wooded grassland, gallery forest and a wellwatered landscape. In contrast, today the area is an arid shrubland and only a fraction of the Late Pleistocene vertebrate fauna has survived. The disappearance of several vertebrate taxa was probably due to a very arid phase of the Last Glacial Maxima (LGM). Excessive hunting by prehistoric man largely in Holocene time could have caused the demise of the mammals such as Rhinoceros, Equus, Bubalus, Bos, Boselephas, Antilope and Gazella. r
More than thousand years separate the decline of the Harappan urban civilization from the next ef... more More than thousand years separate the decline of the Harappan urban civilization from the next efflorescence of urban life starting around sixth century BCE, with the growth of Buddhism, in the Gangetic and other major river valleys of the Indian subcontinent (Ghosh ). Towns and cities emerged throughout the Middle Ganga Plains and remainder of the subcontinent with coalescence of population at different centres, providing a pansubcontinent network of urban areas that shared more or less common socio-economic spheres but relatively few and ephemeral political ties. In most parts of the subcontinent the emergence of state and urbanization during the second phase is generally regarded as the continuation of the cultural processes of the preceding Iron Age period. By the middle of the 1 st millennium BCE, the second urbanization in the region of the Gangetic valley and elsewhere grew as a result of interaction of multiple factors that were prompted by the conditions of geophysical situations and previous cultural developments.
Hathnora in Central Narmada valley (Madhya Pradesh) has earlier yielded a partial skullcap, and t... more Hathnora in Central Narmada valley (Madhya Pradesh) has earlier yielded a partial skullcap, and two cla-vicles and a 9th rib of Middle Pleistocene hominins. Recent explorations have brought to light two more hominin fossils—a humerus and a femur from a new locality, Netankheri. The femur is derived from the Middle Pleistocene stratigraphic horizon as the Hathnora skullcap, and shares similar “archaic” mosaic morphology of Homo heidelbergensis, also attested by new bio-stratigraphic and Palaeolithic data. The humerus is derived from the pre-YTA (~75 Kya) Upper Pleistocene strata in association with unique fos-silized bone artifacts and documents the early emergence of anatomically modern Homo sapiens in South Asia.
Postural and locomotor development is described for free-ranging groups of three monkey species: ... more Postural and locomotor development is described for free-ranging groups of three monkey species: Macaca mulatta (rhesus macaque), M. radiata (bonnet macaque) and Presbytis entellus (hanuman langur). Behaviors are discussed in terms of infant-1, infant-2, juvenile, adult and elderly age groups. Analysis is based on high-speed motion pictures and videos. Infant-1 monkeys continually cling to their mother's ventral surface with strong hand and foot grasps. Independent motor coordination develops during the infant-2 period. The greatest postural and locomotor activity, both qualitatively and quantitatively, is achieved during the juvenile period. The adult and elderly periods are characterized by a progressive reduction in the variety and, eventually, quality of these motor abilities. Macaques and langurs differ, however, in the course of their behavioral development. These findings have implications for concepts of underlying neural mechanisms, indicate possible species differences in the development of these mechanisms, and demonstrate that the spectrum of volitional behaviors practiced by different age groups of free-ranging animals is broader than that observed in the laboratory setting.
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Papers by G. L. Badam