IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control, 1999
An external ultrasound oscillating probe has been developed for the purpose of visualizing dynami... more An external ultrasound oscillating probe has been developed for the purpose of visualizing dynamically the left cardiac ventricle three-dimensional (3D) movements and deformations. The fundamental principle of this probe is to maintain in continuous oscillation a classical onedimensional (1D) transducer array around its axis at a maximum oscillation rate of 3 degrees per millisecond. A global medical system, including hardware elements and a software package, has been designed for this application. A motorization set and electronic boards enable this new oscillating probe to be used with any recent echograph equipped with a cardiac module and an external triggering cineloop. Moreover, in order to obtain 3D/4D left ventricle movements from a set of 2D recorded images, a rendering method based on the 2D discrete Fourier transform is applied. Promising preliminary results have been obtained on some patients, and a clinical study on a great number of subjects (both healthy and heart complaint people) was carried out.
HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci-entific ... more HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci-entific research documents, whether they are pub-lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et a ̀ la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. 1Redefining performance evaluation tools for real-time QRS complex classification systems Philippe Ravier∗, Frédéric Leclerc, Cedric Dumez-Viou, and Guy Lamarque In a heartbeat classification procedure, the detection of QRS complex waveforms is necessary. In many studies, this heartbeat extraction function is not considered: the inputs of the classifier are assumed to be correctly identified. This paper aims to redefine classical perfor...
A new type of external ultrasound probe is proposed to visualize dynamically the left-ventricular... more A new type of external ultrasound probe is proposed to visualize dynamically the left-ventricular three-dimensional deformations. This probe acquires successive apical long axis cross sections by rotating continuously around its axis (one or two rotations per cardiac cycle). From the set of one hundred images obtained during only four consecutive heart beats the volume is reconstructed. In the present development phase, segmentation is performed manually, but supervised in order to guarantee a coherent set of contours. Experimental validations on regular cardiac cycles have been made on a patient fitted with pacemaker. The results obtained are promising.
En echocardiographie, visualiser le ventricule gauche (VG) du cœur est l'un des enjeux princi... more En echocardiographie, visualiser le ventricule gauche (VG) du cœur est l'un des enjeux principaux des recherches actuelles. Pour atteindre cet objectif, une chaine 3D allant de l'acquisition a la restitution volumique a ete developpee. Les plans de coupe du VG sont obtenus sous incidence apicale avec une sonde 2D classique mise en rotation autour de son axe. Basee sur l'interpolation de Shannon circulaire, une methode de caracterisation des contours du VG permet de decrire ceux-ci par un nombre d'echantillons. Elle est etendue a la caracterisation d'une surface fermee en considerant cette derniere comme un ensemble de contours apicaux secants et angulairement equirepartis autour d'un axe de rotation
IEEE International Symposium on Power Line Communications and Its Applications, 2008
In power line or any cable communications, impulsive noise is assumed to be the most difficult no... more In power line or any cable communications, impulsive noise is assumed to be the most difficult noise to filter. In particular, it is impossible to predict when a non periodic asynchronous impulsive noise will appear. So, under such noise conditions, the OFDM symbol generally used in PLC, is corrupted. Signal-to-noise ratio is generally improved by detecting and/or filtering such noise
SCS 2003. International Symposium on Signals, Circuits and Systems. Proceedings (Cat. No.03EX720), 2003
ABSTRACT The purpose of this work is to stimulate a neural network with non-linear activation fun... more ABSTRACT The purpose of this work is to stimulate a neural network with non-linear activation functions. The non-linear functions are simulated in Microsoft Visual Studio C++ 6.0 to observe the precision and to implement on the programmable logic devices. This network is realized to accept very small input values. The multiplication between input values and weight values is realized with the add-logarithm and exponential functions. One approximates all the non-linear functions with linear functions using shift-add blocks.
A new approach to reconstruct the left-ventricle movement and deformation from echocardiography i... more A new approach to reconstruct the left-ventricle movement and deformation from echocardiography images is proposed. Ultrasound images are acquired during two successive cardiac cycles, using a high-speed continuously rotating trans-thoracic probe. The ventricular contours and volumes are reconstructed using frequency-based models. A detailed study of ventricular contour shapes is presented, based on several coherence criteria, used as constraints in a
... [12] FJ Cañete, JA Cortes, LD Del Rio, and JT Entrambasaguas, "Analysis of the cyclic sh... more ... [12] FJ Cañete, JA Cortes, LD Del Rio, and JT Entrambasaguas, "Analysis of the cyclic short-term variation of indoor power line channels", IEEE Journ. on Select. Areas in Comm., 24: p. 1327-1338, 2006. ... [16] E. Liu, Y. Gao, O. Bilal, and T. Korhonen, "Broadband characterization ...
Cutaneous manifestations of pleural mesothelioma are rare, polymorphic, and occur at various stag... more Cutaneous manifestations of pleural mesothelioma are rare, polymorphic, and occur at various stages of the disease. Case 1. A 60 year-old man, 6 months after the initial diagnosis of a pleural mesothelioma, developed a right latero-thoracic subcutaneous nodule. The lesion resulted from an inoculation of tumoral cells to the wall at the time of the initial thoracoscopy. No specific treatment was proposed. Case 2. A 62 year-old man, with a history of pleural mesothelioma developed an inflammatory layer of the left chest wall. The lesion, laid out like an hemi-belt, was centred by the thoracotomy scar and was associated with retraction phenomena of the thoracic wall. The lesion corresponded to a direct extension of the mesothelioma to the wall. At the same time, the pleural disease was progressing. The patient died a few weeks later. Cutaneous manifestations usually occur when the diagnosis of primitive pleural cancer has been already established. Distant cutaneous metastases are excep...
ABSTRACT The Mertz shear zone (MSZ) located in George Vth Land (67 • S, 145 • E) is a key area to... more ABSTRACT The Mertz shear zone (MSZ) located in George Vth Land (67 • S, 145 • E) is a key area to understand tectonic relationships between the Neoarchean-Paleoproterozoic Terre Adélie Craton (TAC) and the Early Paleozoic units of Cape Webb and Penguin Point. The MSZ is therefore a major structure that represents the eastern boundary of the East Antartica Shield. In addition, the MSZ that recorded dextral strike-slip movement estimated at 1.7Ga could be correlated to the Kalinjila shear zone a large scale mylonitic structure outcropping at the east of the Gawler Craton (South Australia). In order to better understand the MSZ dynamics, we developed a multi-disciplinary approach with the French polar institute (IPEV) through the Arlita program (Architecture de la Lithosphere de Terre Adélie). Four temporary seismic stations were deployed on both sides and above the MSZ from October 2009 to October 2011 to map the deep tectonic structures. We analysed receiver functions to evaluate Moho depth and seismic anisotropy through the splitting of SKS waves to analyze the prolongation of the MSZ structures into the mantle. Results from receiver functions reveal Moho depths of 40-44km for the TAC, about 36 km under the MSZ and 28km for the Paleozoic domain. These results show that the MSZ delimit two crustal blocks with different thicknesses. Our study is consistent with crustal thicknesses estimated by Fontaine et al. (2012) in South Australia in the Gawler craton (>40km) and in the Delamerian orogen terrains (31km). However, the transition between the thick craton and the Paleozoic crust is sharper at the MSZ than in south Australia. Seismic anisotropy in the MSZ area was studied from events of magnitudes ranging from 5.9 to 7.0. In addition, petrological and crystallographic fabrics of the crust were carry out in order to better constrain the observed SKS delay times. The measurements of the splitting parameters show a fast polarisation direction (Φ) parallel to the E-W coast and delay times (dt) ranging 0.5 to 1s at most stations. These results are similar to splitting parameters observed at the permanent Geoscope Dumont D'Urville station (DRV: Φ = 80 • N, dt = 1s) located in the Paleoproterozoic (≈1.7Ga) domain of TAC. Although we observe an important offset in the Moho depth across the MSZ, no evidence of distinct seismic anisotropy is found. Questions thus remain concerning the prolongation into the mantle of this large strike-slip shear zone.
The Terre Adélie and George V Land (East Antarctica) represent key areas for understanding tecton... more The Terre Adélie and George V Land (East Antarctica) represent key areas for understanding tectonic relationships between terranes forming the Neoarchean-Palaeoproterozoic Terre Adélie Craton (TAC) and the neighbouring lithospheric blocks, together with the nature of its boundary. This region that represents the eastern border of the TAC is limited on its eastern side by the Mertz shear zone (MSZ) separating more recent Palaeozoic units from the craton. The MSZ, that recorded dextral strike-slip movement at 1.7 and 1.5 Ga, is likely correlated with the Kalinjala or Coorong shear zone in South Australia, east of the Gawler Craton and may therefore represent a frozen lithospheric-scale structure. In order to investigate the lithospheric structure of the TAC and the MSZ, we deployed from 2009 October to 2011 October four temporary seismic stations, which sampled the various lithospheric units of the TAC and of the neighbouring Palaeozoic block, together with the MSZ. We used receiver function method to deduce Moho depths and seismic anisotropy technique to infer the upper mantle deformation. Results from receiver functions analysis reveal Moho at 40-44 km depth beneath the TAC, at 36 km under the MSZ and at 28 km beneath the eastern Palaeozoic domain. The MSZ therefore delimits two crustal blocks of different thicknesses with a vertical offset of the Moho of 12 km. Seismic anisotropy deduced from SKS splitting at stations on the TAC shows fast polarisation directions ( ) trending E-W, that is, parallel to the continental margin, and delay times (δt) ranging from 0.8 to 1.6 s. These results are similar to the splitting parameters observed at the permanent GEOSCOPE Dumont D'Urville station (DRV: 95 • N, δt 1.1 s) located in the Palaeoproterozoic domain of TAC. On the MSZ, the small number of good quality measurements limits the investigation of the deep signature of the shear zone. However, the station in the Palaeozoic domain shows trending N60 • E, which is significantly different to the trending measurements from stations on the TAC, suggesting that the MSZ may also represent a major frontier between the Neoarchean-Palaeoproterozoic and Palaeozoic terranes.
18th IEEE International Symposium on Power Line Communications and Its Applications, 2014
ABSTRACT Many studies have been carried out on parameters impacting power line communication such... more ABSTRACT Many studies have been carried out on parameters impacting power line communication such as power cables and different noises generated by connected appliances. However, studies involving protection devices such as breakers still missing. This paper investigates the impact of domestic breakers on low voltage power line communications. The insertion losses (S21 parameter) of ten breakers of different manufacturers and nominal currents have been measured in narrow (9-100 kHz) and broad (1-100 MHz) bands using a network analyzer. On one hand, it is shown that breakers don't impact narrowband communications. On the other hand, they cause significant losses in broadband PLC. Those insertion losses are very considerable for the main breaker compared to branch breakers and depend on the nominal current. The influence of the manufacturer is shown to be very little because breakers of different makers but having the same nominal current present close attenuations. An electric model of breakers is proposed and validated by comparing SPICE simulations to measurements. The model should be integrated in a simulation tool computing indoor PLC channel capacities.
The Quito Fault System (QFS) extends over 60km along the Interandean Depression in northern Ecuad... more The Quito Fault System (QFS) extends over 60km along the Interandean Depression in northern Ecuador. Multidisciplinary studies support an interpretation in which two major contemporaneous fault systems affect Quaternary volcanoclastic deposits. Hanging paleovalleys and disruption of drainage networks attest to ongoing crustal deformation and uplift in this region, further confirmed by 15 years of GPS measurements and seismicity. The resulting new kinematic model emphasizes the role of the N-S segmented, en-echelon eastward migrating Quito Fault System (QFS). Northeast of this major tectonic feature, the strike-slip Guayllabamba Fault System (GFS) aids the eastward transfer of the regional strain toward Colombia. These two tectonic fault systems are active and the local focal mechanisms
IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 2000
Designing real-time systems such as electrocardiogram (ECG) analyzers and evaluating their perfor... more Designing real-time systems such as electrocardiogram (ECG) analyzers and evaluating their performance precisely is not an easy task. One of the difficulties is due to the general loss of performance that is frequently observed when implementing data processing algorithms on such systems and running the devices in new environments. Performance values are traditionally estimated theoretically or numerically (personal computer simulations) or are evaluated on real data but in a simulated environment. While the best performance measurements are accredited due to experiments driven in a real environment, the data at stake in this case are not entirely controlled. We propose in this paper the new concept of a virtual patient for real-time ECG analyzers. This concept enables a real environment to be created virtually by generating signals from a database composed of real acquired data. The analog signals generated will be seen by the analyzer as if they were coming from instantaneous electrical heart activities. This procedure provides a more correct assessment of the ECG analyzer performance than was previously possible. The test bench is useful for Holter manufacturers since it can deliver genuine performance values of the device.
In a heartbeat classification procedure, the detection of QRS complex waveforms is necessary. In ... more In a heartbeat classification procedure, the detection of QRS complex waveforms is necessary. In many studies, this heartbeat extraction function is not considered: the inputs of the classifier are assumed to be correctly identified.
Physicochemical properties of four different homogeneous series of chitosans with degrees of acet... more Physicochemical properties of four different homogeneous series of chitosans with degrees of acetylation (DA) and weight-average degrees of polymerization (DP(w)) ranging from 0 to 70% and 650 to 2600, respectively, were characterized in an ammonium acetate buffer (pH 4.5). Then, the intrinsic viscosity ([eta](0)), the root-mean-square z-average of the gyration radius (R(G,z)), and the second virial coefficient (A(2)) were studied by viscometry and static light scattering. The conformation of chitosan, according to DA and DP(w), was highlighted through the variations of alpha and nu parameters, deduced from the scale laws [eta](0) = K(w)and R(G,z) = K', respectively, and the total persistence length (L(p,tot)). In relation with the different behaviors of chitosan in solution, the conformation varied according to two distinct domains versus DA with a transition range in between. Then, (i) for DA < 25%, chitosan exhibited a flexible conformation; (ii) a transition domain for 25 < DA < 50%, where the chitosan conformation became slightly stiffer and, (iii) for DA > 50%, on increasing DP(w) and DA, the participation of the excluded volume effect became preponderant and counterbalanced the depletion of the chains by steric effects and long-distance interactions. It was also highlighted that below and beyond a critical DP(w,c) (ranging from 1 300 to 1 800 for DAs from 70 to 0%, respectively) the flexibility of chitosan chains markedly increased then decreased (for DA > 50%) or became more or less constant (DA < 50%). All the conformations of chitosan with regards to DA and DP(w) were described in terms of short-distance interactions and excluded volume effect.
Resu lts of an inter-laboratory round-robin study of the application of time-reso lved emission s... more Resu lts of an inter-laboratory round-robin study of the application of time-reso lved emission spectro scopy (TRES) to the speciation of uranium(VI) in aqueous media are presented. The round-robin study involved 13 independent laboratories, using various instrumentation and data analysis methods. Samples were prepared based on appropriate speciation diagrams and, in general, were found to be chemically stable for at least six months. Four different types of aqueous uranyl solutions were studied: (1) acidic medium where UO 2 21 aq is the single emitting species, (2) uranyl in the presence of uoride ions, (3) uranyl in the presence of sulfate ions, and (4) uranyl in aqueous solutions at different pH, promoting the formation of hydrolyzed species. Results between the laboratories are compared in terms of the number of decay com ponents, luminescence lifetim es, and spectral band positions. The successes and limitations of TRES in uranyl analysis and speciation in aqueous solutions are discussed.
IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control, 1999
An external ultrasound oscillating probe has been developed for the purpose of visualizing dynami... more An external ultrasound oscillating probe has been developed for the purpose of visualizing dynamically the left cardiac ventricle three-dimensional (3D) movements and deformations. The fundamental principle of this probe is to maintain in continuous oscillation a classical onedimensional (1D) transducer array around its axis at a maximum oscillation rate of 3 degrees per millisecond. A global medical system, including hardware elements and a software package, has been designed for this application. A motorization set and electronic boards enable this new oscillating probe to be used with any recent echograph equipped with a cardiac module and an external triggering cineloop. Moreover, in order to obtain 3D/4D left ventricle movements from a set of 2D recorded images, a rendering method based on the 2D discrete Fourier transform is applied. Promising preliminary results have been obtained on some patients, and a clinical study on a great number of subjects (both healthy and heart complaint people) was carried out.
HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci-entific ... more HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci-entific research documents, whether they are pub-lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et a ̀ la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. 1Redefining performance evaluation tools for real-time QRS complex classification systems Philippe Ravier∗, Frédéric Leclerc, Cedric Dumez-Viou, and Guy Lamarque In a heartbeat classification procedure, the detection of QRS complex waveforms is necessary. In many studies, this heartbeat extraction function is not considered: the inputs of the classifier are assumed to be correctly identified. This paper aims to redefine classical perfor...
A new type of external ultrasound probe is proposed to visualize dynamically the left-ventricular... more A new type of external ultrasound probe is proposed to visualize dynamically the left-ventricular three-dimensional deformations. This probe acquires successive apical long axis cross sections by rotating continuously around its axis (one or two rotations per cardiac cycle). From the set of one hundred images obtained during only four consecutive heart beats the volume is reconstructed. In the present development phase, segmentation is performed manually, but supervised in order to guarantee a coherent set of contours. Experimental validations on regular cardiac cycles have been made on a patient fitted with pacemaker. The results obtained are promising.
En echocardiographie, visualiser le ventricule gauche (VG) du cœur est l'un des enjeux princi... more En echocardiographie, visualiser le ventricule gauche (VG) du cœur est l'un des enjeux principaux des recherches actuelles. Pour atteindre cet objectif, une chaine 3D allant de l'acquisition a la restitution volumique a ete developpee. Les plans de coupe du VG sont obtenus sous incidence apicale avec une sonde 2D classique mise en rotation autour de son axe. Basee sur l'interpolation de Shannon circulaire, une methode de caracterisation des contours du VG permet de decrire ceux-ci par un nombre d'echantillons. Elle est etendue a la caracterisation d'une surface fermee en considerant cette derniere comme un ensemble de contours apicaux secants et angulairement equirepartis autour d'un axe de rotation
IEEE International Symposium on Power Line Communications and Its Applications, 2008
In power line or any cable communications, impulsive noise is assumed to be the most difficult no... more In power line or any cable communications, impulsive noise is assumed to be the most difficult noise to filter. In particular, it is impossible to predict when a non periodic asynchronous impulsive noise will appear. So, under such noise conditions, the OFDM symbol generally used in PLC, is corrupted. Signal-to-noise ratio is generally improved by detecting and/or filtering such noise
SCS 2003. International Symposium on Signals, Circuits and Systems. Proceedings (Cat. No.03EX720), 2003
ABSTRACT The purpose of this work is to stimulate a neural network with non-linear activation fun... more ABSTRACT The purpose of this work is to stimulate a neural network with non-linear activation functions. The non-linear functions are simulated in Microsoft Visual Studio C++ 6.0 to observe the precision and to implement on the programmable logic devices. This network is realized to accept very small input values. The multiplication between input values and weight values is realized with the add-logarithm and exponential functions. One approximates all the non-linear functions with linear functions using shift-add blocks.
A new approach to reconstruct the left-ventricle movement and deformation from echocardiography i... more A new approach to reconstruct the left-ventricle movement and deformation from echocardiography images is proposed. Ultrasound images are acquired during two successive cardiac cycles, using a high-speed continuously rotating trans-thoracic probe. The ventricular contours and volumes are reconstructed using frequency-based models. A detailed study of ventricular contour shapes is presented, based on several coherence criteria, used as constraints in a
... [12] FJ Cañete, JA Cortes, LD Del Rio, and JT Entrambasaguas, "Analysis of the cyclic sh... more ... [12] FJ Cañete, JA Cortes, LD Del Rio, and JT Entrambasaguas, "Analysis of the cyclic short-term variation of indoor power line channels", IEEE Journ. on Select. Areas in Comm., 24: p. 1327-1338, 2006. ... [16] E. Liu, Y. Gao, O. Bilal, and T. Korhonen, "Broadband characterization ...
Cutaneous manifestations of pleural mesothelioma are rare, polymorphic, and occur at various stag... more Cutaneous manifestations of pleural mesothelioma are rare, polymorphic, and occur at various stages of the disease. Case 1. A 60 year-old man, 6 months after the initial diagnosis of a pleural mesothelioma, developed a right latero-thoracic subcutaneous nodule. The lesion resulted from an inoculation of tumoral cells to the wall at the time of the initial thoracoscopy. No specific treatment was proposed. Case 2. A 62 year-old man, with a history of pleural mesothelioma developed an inflammatory layer of the left chest wall. The lesion, laid out like an hemi-belt, was centred by the thoracotomy scar and was associated with retraction phenomena of the thoracic wall. The lesion corresponded to a direct extension of the mesothelioma to the wall. At the same time, the pleural disease was progressing. The patient died a few weeks later. Cutaneous manifestations usually occur when the diagnosis of primitive pleural cancer has been already established. Distant cutaneous metastases are excep...
ABSTRACT The Mertz shear zone (MSZ) located in George Vth Land (67 • S, 145 • E) is a key area to... more ABSTRACT The Mertz shear zone (MSZ) located in George Vth Land (67 • S, 145 • E) is a key area to understand tectonic relationships between the Neoarchean-Paleoproterozoic Terre Adélie Craton (TAC) and the Early Paleozoic units of Cape Webb and Penguin Point. The MSZ is therefore a major structure that represents the eastern boundary of the East Antartica Shield. In addition, the MSZ that recorded dextral strike-slip movement estimated at 1.7Ga could be correlated to the Kalinjila shear zone a large scale mylonitic structure outcropping at the east of the Gawler Craton (South Australia). In order to better understand the MSZ dynamics, we developed a multi-disciplinary approach with the French polar institute (IPEV) through the Arlita program (Architecture de la Lithosphere de Terre Adélie). Four temporary seismic stations were deployed on both sides and above the MSZ from October 2009 to October 2011 to map the deep tectonic structures. We analysed receiver functions to evaluate Moho depth and seismic anisotropy through the splitting of SKS waves to analyze the prolongation of the MSZ structures into the mantle. Results from receiver functions reveal Moho depths of 40-44km for the TAC, about 36 km under the MSZ and 28km for the Paleozoic domain. These results show that the MSZ delimit two crustal blocks with different thicknesses. Our study is consistent with crustal thicknesses estimated by Fontaine et al. (2012) in South Australia in the Gawler craton (>40km) and in the Delamerian orogen terrains (31km). However, the transition between the thick craton and the Paleozoic crust is sharper at the MSZ than in south Australia. Seismic anisotropy in the MSZ area was studied from events of magnitudes ranging from 5.9 to 7.0. In addition, petrological and crystallographic fabrics of the crust were carry out in order to better constrain the observed SKS delay times. The measurements of the splitting parameters show a fast polarisation direction (Φ) parallel to the E-W coast and delay times (dt) ranging 0.5 to 1s at most stations. These results are similar to splitting parameters observed at the permanent Geoscope Dumont D'Urville station (DRV: Φ = 80 • N, dt = 1s) located in the Paleoproterozoic (≈1.7Ga) domain of TAC. Although we observe an important offset in the Moho depth across the MSZ, no evidence of distinct seismic anisotropy is found. Questions thus remain concerning the prolongation into the mantle of this large strike-slip shear zone.
The Terre Adélie and George V Land (East Antarctica) represent key areas for understanding tecton... more The Terre Adélie and George V Land (East Antarctica) represent key areas for understanding tectonic relationships between terranes forming the Neoarchean-Palaeoproterozoic Terre Adélie Craton (TAC) and the neighbouring lithospheric blocks, together with the nature of its boundary. This region that represents the eastern border of the TAC is limited on its eastern side by the Mertz shear zone (MSZ) separating more recent Palaeozoic units from the craton. The MSZ, that recorded dextral strike-slip movement at 1.7 and 1.5 Ga, is likely correlated with the Kalinjala or Coorong shear zone in South Australia, east of the Gawler Craton and may therefore represent a frozen lithospheric-scale structure. In order to investigate the lithospheric structure of the TAC and the MSZ, we deployed from 2009 October to 2011 October four temporary seismic stations, which sampled the various lithospheric units of the TAC and of the neighbouring Palaeozoic block, together with the MSZ. We used receiver function method to deduce Moho depths and seismic anisotropy technique to infer the upper mantle deformation. Results from receiver functions analysis reveal Moho at 40-44 km depth beneath the TAC, at 36 km under the MSZ and at 28 km beneath the eastern Palaeozoic domain. The MSZ therefore delimits two crustal blocks of different thicknesses with a vertical offset of the Moho of 12 km. Seismic anisotropy deduced from SKS splitting at stations on the TAC shows fast polarisation directions ( ) trending E-W, that is, parallel to the continental margin, and delay times (δt) ranging from 0.8 to 1.6 s. These results are similar to the splitting parameters observed at the permanent GEOSCOPE Dumont D'Urville station (DRV: 95 • N, δt 1.1 s) located in the Palaeoproterozoic domain of TAC. On the MSZ, the small number of good quality measurements limits the investigation of the deep signature of the shear zone. However, the station in the Palaeozoic domain shows trending N60 • E, which is significantly different to the trending measurements from stations on the TAC, suggesting that the MSZ may also represent a major frontier between the Neoarchean-Palaeoproterozoic and Palaeozoic terranes.
18th IEEE International Symposium on Power Line Communications and Its Applications, 2014
ABSTRACT Many studies have been carried out on parameters impacting power line communication such... more ABSTRACT Many studies have been carried out on parameters impacting power line communication such as power cables and different noises generated by connected appliances. However, studies involving protection devices such as breakers still missing. This paper investigates the impact of domestic breakers on low voltage power line communications. The insertion losses (S21 parameter) of ten breakers of different manufacturers and nominal currents have been measured in narrow (9-100 kHz) and broad (1-100 MHz) bands using a network analyzer. On one hand, it is shown that breakers don't impact narrowband communications. On the other hand, they cause significant losses in broadband PLC. Those insertion losses are very considerable for the main breaker compared to branch breakers and depend on the nominal current. The influence of the manufacturer is shown to be very little because breakers of different makers but having the same nominal current present close attenuations. An electric model of breakers is proposed and validated by comparing SPICE simulations to measurements. The model should be integrated in a simulation tool computing indoor PLC channel capacities.
The Quito Fault System (QFS) extends over 60km along the Interandean Depression in northern Ecuad... more The Quito Fault System (QFS) extends over 60km along the Interandean Depression in northern Ecuador. Multidisciplinary studies support an interpretation in which two major contemporaneous fault systems affect Quaternary volcanoclastic deposits. Hanging paleovalleys and disruption of drainage networks attest to ongoing crustal deformation and uplift in this region, further confirmed by 15 years of GPS measurements and seismicity. The resulting new kinematic model emphasizes the role of the N-S segmented, en-echelon eastward migrating Quito Fault System (QFS). Northeast of this major tectonic feature, the strike-slip Guayllabamba Fault System (GFS) aids the eastward transfer of the regional strain toward Colombia. These two tectonic fault systems are active and the local focal mechanisms
IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 2000
Designing real-time systems such as electrocardiogram (ECG) analyzers and evaluating their perfor... more Designing real-time systems such as electrocardiogram (ECG) analyzers and evaluating their performance precisely is not an easy task. One of the difficulties is due to the general loss of performance that is frequently observed when implementing data processing algorithms on such systems and running the devices in new environments. Performance values are traditionally estimated theoretically or numerically (personal computer simulations) or are evaluated on real data but in a simulated environment. While the best performance measurements are accredited due to experiments driven in a real environment, the data at stake in this case are not entirely controlled. We propose in this paper the new concept of a virtual patient for real-time ECG analyzers. This concept enables a real environment to be created virtually by generating signals from a database composed of real acquired data. The analog signals generated will be seen by the analyzer as if they were coming from instantaneous electrical heart activities. This procedure provides a more correct assessment of the ECG analyzer performance than was previously possible. The test bench is useful for Holter manufacturers since it can deliver genuine performance values of the device.
In a heartbeat classification procedure, the detection of QRS complex waveforms is necessary. In ... more In a heartbeat classification procedure, the detection of QRS complex waveforms is necessary. In many studies, this heartbeat extraction function is not considered: the inputs of the classifier are assumed to be correctly identified.
Physicochemical properties of four different homogeneous series of chitosans with degrees of acet... more Physicochemical properties of four different homogeneous series of chitosans with degrees of acetylation (DA) and weight-average degrees of polymerization (DP(w)) ranging from 0 to 70% and 650 to 2600, respectively, were characterized in an ammonium acetate buffer (pH 4.5). Then, the intrinsic viscosity ([eta](0)), the root-mean-square z-average of the gyration radius (R(G,z)), and the second virial coefficient (A(2)) were studied by viscometry and static light scattering. The conformation of chitosan, according to DA and DP(w), was highlighted through the variations of alpha and nu parameters, deduced from the scale laws [eta](0) = K(w)and R(G,z) = K', respectively, and the total persistence length (L(p,tot)). In relation with the different behaviors of chitosan in solution, the conformation varied according to two distinct domains versus DA with a transition range in between. Then, (i) for DA < 25%, chitosan exhibited a flexible conformation; (ii) a transition domain for 25 < DA < 50%, where the chitosan conformation became slightly stiffer and, (iii) for DA > 50%, on increasing DP(w) and DA, the participation of the excluded volume effect became preponderant and counterbalanced the depletion of the chains by steric effects and long-distance interactions. It was also highlighted that below and beyond a critical DP(w,c) (ranging from 1 300 to 1 800 for DAs from 70 to 0%, respectively) the flexibility of chitosan chains markedly increased then decreased (for DA > 50%) or became more or less constant (DA < 50%). All the conformations of chitosan with regards to DA and DP(w) were described in terms of short-distance interactions and excluded volume effect.
Resu lts of an inter-laboratory round-robin study of the application of time-reso lved emission s... more Resu lts of an inter-laboratory round-robin study of the application of time-reso lved emission spectro scopy (TRES) to the speciation of uranium(VI) in aqueous media are presented. The round-robin study involved 13 independent laboratories, using various instrumentation and data analysis methods. Samples were prepared based on appropriate speciation diagrams and, in general, were found to be chemically stable for at least six months. Four different types of aqueous uranyl solutions were studied: (1) acidic medium where UO 2 21 aq is the single emitting species, (2) uranyl in the presence of uoride ions, (3) uranyl in the presence of sulfate ions, and (4) uranyl in aqueous solutions at different pH, promoting the formation of hydrolyzed species. Results between the laboratories are compared in terms of the number of decay com ponents, luminescence lifetim es, and spectral band positions. The successes and limitations of TRES in uranyl analysis and speciation in aqueous solutions are discussed.
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Papers by G. Lamarque