... 0-521-41784-8 hardback ISBN 0-521-47801-4 paperback Transferred to digital printing 1999 ... ... more ... 0-521-41784-8 hardback ISBN 0-521-47801-4 paperback Transferred to digital printing 1999 ... tions provide a central theme, from historical transitions to the social transitions of children and their ... This book has two stories to tell-one about children growing up and coming of age ...
... Looking at stu-dents from 10 high schools in the Chicago area, Coleman found that a sizeable ... more ... Looking at stu-dents from 10 high schools in the Chicago area, Coleman found that a sizeable percentage of adolescents were ... 8 ELDER, MODELL, PARKE peers (against the perceived wishes of parents) on issues involving social par-ticipation and club membership; that ...
The rapid growth of urban settlements in the United States has profound but largely unexplored im... more The rapid growth of urban settlements in the United States has profound but largely unexplored implications for children's relations with grandparents. Rural settlements in the Midwest frequently became a stepping stone to residence in far western states. We examine whether and how relations with grandparents differs for young people in rural farm and nonfarm regions of the Midwest (using the Iowa Youth and Families Project—IYFP) and in urban Southern California (using the Longitudinal Study of Generations—LSOG). Rural youth enjoy more frequent contact with paternal grandparents and receive more help from all grandparents than urban youth. Farm adolescents have even more contact and receive more help from paternal grandparents than rural nonfarm age-mates. Levels of conflict are low across ecologies, although urban youth report higher levels of conflict with maternal grandmothers than rural youth. Even with controls, the relationship of young Americans with their grandparents varies significantly by rural-urban ecology.
... A correspondence between the growth or decline in these two attributes within the same person... more ... A correspondence between the growth or decline in these two attributes within the same person and ... In later analyses, we use latent growth curve modeling to evaluate the relation between changes in marital quality and changes in physical health (Willet & Sayer, 1994). ...
A century ago, most Americans had ties to the land. Now only one in fifty is engaged in farming a... more A century ago, most Americans had ties to the land. Now only one in fifty is engaged in farming and little more than a fourth live in rural communities. Though not new, this exodus from the land represents one of the great social movements of our age and is also symptomatic of an unparalleled transformation of our society. In "Children of the Land", the authors ask whether traditional observations about farm families - strong intergenerational ties, productive roles for youth in work and social leadership, dedicated parents and a network of positive engagement in church, school and community life - apply to 300 Iowa children who have grown up with some tie to the land. The answer, as this study shows, is a resounding yes. In spite of the hardships they faced during the agricultural crisis of the 1980s, these children, whose lives we follow from the 7th grade to after high school graduation, proved to be remarkably successful, both academically and socially. A moving testament to the distinctly positive lifestyle of Iowa families with connections to the land, this book also suggests important routes to success for youths in other high risk settings.
In the present study of 451 married couples living in the rural midwest, gender differences were ... more In the present study of 451 married couples living in the rural midwest, gender differences were examined in reports of exposure and vulnerability to specific types of undesirable life events. Consistent with expectations derived from either a social structural or identity perspective, the results demonstrated that men are more likely than women to report exposure to and to be distressed by work and financial events. Women, on the other hand, are more strongly influenced by exposure to negative events within the family but not within their network of friends. Outcomes vary according to the type of emotional distress. Financial stress, for example, increases hostility among men more than among women, but wives are more likely than husbands to report somatic complaints in response to the same stressor. The findings demonstrate the need for future research that more directly investigates the intraindividual and social mechanisms which account for gender differences in a broad range of emotional and behavioral responses to varying types of significant life changes.
The present longitudinal study of 485 youth used structural equation models to investigate the wa... more The present longitudinal study of 485 youth used structural equation models to investigate the ways in which a combination of social disadvantage in the family of origin and adolescent maladjustment increases risk for physical health difficulties during adulthood. The study examined a theoretical model that proposes that disruptions in the transition to adulthood mediate the effect of earlier social disadvantage and adolescent maladjustment on young adult physical health status. Results show that early risk factors initiate a sequence of negative influences on young adult physical health through early entry into family responsibility, truncated educational attainment, and poor occupational and economic status. These associations prevailed even after controlling for physical health status during adolescence.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1992
Using survey and observational data from a sample of 451 intact families, this study used structu... more Using survey and observational data from a sample of 451 intact families, this study used structural equation modeling to examine the intergenerational continuity of depressed mood and rejecting parenting. The model partially replicated the intergenerational model of Elder, Caspi, and Downey (1986) that indicates a cyclical transmission process by which parents' personality traits affect parent-child interaction, which, in turn, increases the propensity for developmental problems among offspring. The results indicated a pattern of intergenerational transmission of depressed mood through parental rejection of offspring. Multiple reporters and multiple indicators strengthen previous intergenerational findings by reducing some of the method variance biases that have been problematic in prior studies. The mutual dependence of personality and social relationships exemplifies an interactive feature of life-course development: Relationships are changed by changing the behavior or personality of individuals, which are changed by changing relationships. The literature on intergenerational transmission provides examples of this dynamic. A four-generation study based on longitudinal data (Elder, Caspi, & Downey, 1986) found empirical evidence for a cyclical pattern of intergenerational transmission in which parental instability characterized by irritable, explosive behavior increased the likelihood of erratic parent-child relationships. This, in turn, enhanced the risk of similar personality traits and interaction styles developing in the next generation. The present study explores a similar life-course dynamic that involves problems of an internalizing nature, specifically depressed affect. The self-preoccupation and passivity of depressed parents are commonly expressed in appreciably less attention to, affection with, and communication with children than among nondepressed parents (Billings & Moos, 1983). This research links parenting practices and depressed affect across generations. The relationship between parents' negative affect and nonop-This article is based on collaborative research involving the Iowa \buth and Families Project at
... 0-521-41784-8 hardback ISBN 0-521-47801-4 paperback Transferred to digital printing 1999 ... ... more ... 0-521-41784-8 hardback ISBN 0-521-47801-4 paperback Transferred to digital printing 1999 ... tions provide a central theme, from historical transitions to the social transitions of children and their ... This book has two stories to tell-one about children growing up and coming of age ...
... Looking at stu-dents from 10 high schools in the Chicago area, Coleman found that a sizeable ... more ... Looking at stu-dents from 10 high schools in the Chicago area, Coleman found that a sizeable percentage of adolescents were ... 8 ELDER, MODELL, PARKE peers (against the perceived wishes of parents) on issues involving social par-ticipation and club membership; that ...
The rapid growth of urban settlements in the United States has profound but largely unexplored im... more The rapid growth of urban settlements in the United States has profound but largely unexplored implications for children's relations with grandparents. Rural settlements in the Midwest frequently became a stepping stone to residence in far western states. We examine whether and how relations with grandparents differs for young people in rural farm and nonfarm regions of the Midwest (using the Iowa Youth and Families Project—IYFP) and in urban Southern California (using the Longitudinal Study of Generations—LSOG). Rural youth enjoy more frequent contact with paternal grandparents and receive more help from all grandparents than urban youth. Farm adolescents have even more contact and receive more help from paternal grandparents than rural nonfarm age-mates. Levels of conflict are low across ecologies, although urban youth report higher levels of conflict with maternal grandmothers than rural youth. Even with controls, the relationship of young Americans with their grandparents varies significantly by rural-urban ecology.
... A correspondence between the growth or decline in these two attributes within the same person... more ... A correspondence between the growth or decline in these two attributes within the same person and ... In later analyses, we use latent growth curve modeling to evaluate the relation between changes in marital quality and changes in physical health (Willet & Sayer, 1994). ...
A century ago, most Americans had ties to the land. Now only one in fifty is engaged in farming a... more A century ago, most Americans had ties to the land. Now only one in fifty is engaged in farming and little more than a fourth live in rural communities. Though not new, this exodus from the land represents one of the great social movements of our age and is also symptomatic of an unparalleled transformation of our society. In "Children of the Land", the authors ask whether traditional observations about farm families - strong intergenerational ties, productive roles for youth in work and social leadership, dedicated parents and a network of positive engagement in church, school and community life - apply to 300 Iowa children who have grown up with some tie to the land. The answer, as this study shows, is a resounding yes. In spite of the hardships they faced during the agricultural crisis of the 1980s, these children, whose lives we follow from the 7th grade to after high school graduation, proved to be remarkably successful, both academically and socially. A moving testament to the distinctly positive lifestyle of Iowa families with connections to the land, this book also suggests important routes to success for youths in other high risk settings.
In the present study of 451 married couples living in the rural midwest, gender differences were ... more In the present study of 451 married couples living in the rural midwest, gender differences were examined in reports of exposure and vulnerability to specific types of undesirable life events. Consistent with expectations derived from either a social structural or identity perspective, the results demonstrated that men are more likely than women to report exposure to and to be distressed by work and financial events. Women, on the other hand, are more strongly influenced by exposure to negative events within the family but not within their network of friends. Outcomes vary according to the type of emotional distress. Financial stress, for example, increases hostility among men more than among women, but wives are more likely than husbands to report somatic complaints in response to the same stressor. The findings demonstrate the need for future research that more directly investigates the intraindividual and social mechanisms which account for gender differences in a broad range of emotional and behavioral responses to varying types of significant life changes.
The present longitudinal study of 485 youth used structural equation models to investigate the wa... more The present longitudinal study of 485 youth used structural equation models to investigate the ways in which a combination of social disadvantage in the family of origin and adolescent maladjustment increases risk for physical health difficulties during adulthood. The study examined a theoretical model that proposes that disruptions in the transition to adulthood mediate the effect of earlier social disadvantage and adolescent maladjustment on young adult physical health status. Results show that early risk factors initiate a sequence of negative influences on young adult physical health through early entry into family responsibility, truncated educational attainment, and poor occupational and economic status. These associations prevailed even after controlling for physical health status during adolescence.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1992
Using survey and observational data from a sample of 451 intact families, this study used structu... more Using survey and observational data from a sample of 451 intact families, this study used structural equation modeling to examine the intergenerational continuity of depressed mood and rejecting parenting. The model partially replicated the intergenerational model of Elder, Caspi, and Downey (1986) that indicates a cyclical transmission process by which parents' personality traits affect parent-child interaction, which, in turn, increases the propensity for developmental problems among offspring. The results indicated a pattern of intergenerational transmission of depressed mood through parental rejection of offspring. Multiple reporters and multiple indicators strengthen previous intergenerational findings by reducing some of the method variance biases that have been problematic in prior studies. The mutual dependence of personality and social relationships exemplifies an interactive feature of life-course development: Relationships are changed by changing the behavior or personality of individuals, which are changed by changing relationships. The literature on intergenerational transmission provides examples of this dynamic. A four-generation study based on longitudinal data (Elder, Caspi, & Downey, 1986) found empirical evidence for a cyclical pattern of intergenerational transmission in which parental instability characterized by irritable, explosive behavior increased the likelihood of erratic parent-child relationships. This, in turn, enhanced the risk of similar personality traits and interaction styles developing in the next generation. The present study explores a similar life-course dynamic that involves problems of an internalizing nature, specifically depressed affect. The self-preoccupation and passivity of depressed parents are commonly expressed in appreciably less attention to, affection with, and communication with children than among nondepressed parents (Billings & Moos, 1983). This research links parenting practices and depressed affect across generations. The relationship between parents' negative affect and nonop-This article is based on collaborative research involving the Iowa \buth and Families Project at
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