In this work, hydrazine and hydrazide compounds were subjected to condensation reaction with keto... more In this work, hydrazine and hydrazide compounds were subjected to condensation reaction with ketone and different aldehyde derivatives affording the corresponding expected hydrazone, 4-hydroxy-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)benzohydrazide(L1) is synthesized and characterized. The chemical structures were found to be consistent with both analytical and spectroscopic data (CHN, FTIR, UV/Vis, TGA, 1H NMR and 13C NMR). The chromogenic property of the ligand was carried out in differentsolvents including methanol, ethanol, acetone, acetonitrile, dimethylsulphoxide, and tetrahydrofuran.
A Schiff base, (E)-4-Hydroxy-N -(2-methoxybenzylidene) benzohydrazide, (E4HB) had been synthesize... more A Schiff base, (E)-4-Hydroxy-N -(2-methoxybenzylidene) benzohydrazide, (E4HB) had been synthesized in good yield by the acid-catalyzed condensation methoxybenzaldehyde and 4-hydroxybenzhydrazide in synthesized compound was elucidated by elemental analysis (CHN), FTIR, 13C-NMR and single crystal X-ray diffraction. E4HB crystallized in the crystal system with space group Z = 8, V = 2656.74(10) A3 14.3951(3) A, b = 8.7449(2) A, c =21.1047(4) A . The crystal structure of the compound is stabilized by intermolecular N1—H1N1….O2, O1 C13—H13A…O1 hydrogen bonds. A π—π interaction with centroid of 3.628 (6) A also occurs (Cg1 = C9— C14, -x, -y, -z).
Essential oils are liquid preparations, produced from plant materials. These essential oils have ... more Essential oils are liquid preparations, produced from plant materials. These essential oils have a very high commercial value due to its properties. Plants essential oils are widely used in the various fields of industries, such as perfumery industries and pharmaceuticals and have a very high commercial value due to its therapeutic properties. Although essential oils showed a promising bioactivity in vitro, they could interact in plants with some components (Terpenes, acids, hydrocarbons, esters) and pH, thus many authors have reported that a significant effect of essential oils toward spoiling and pathogenic microorganisms could be achieved in vivo by using small amounts of oils. Different methods can be used to assess the bioactivity of essential oils. This study show benefits the essential oils and how using this essential oils in biological activities. It can be used oils extracted from different plants, whether they have a biological effect such as antioxidant or anti-bacteria ...
GC-MS the best technique to identified the compounds of essential oils by comparison of mass spec... more GC-MS the best technique to identified the compounds of essential oils by comparison of mass spectra data obtained from the sample with that taken from pure commercially available standards injected under the same conditions. Objective: To characterize the chemical constituents of Hibiscus Flower using GC-MS. The shade dried flower powder was extracted with methanol by using Microwave-assisted Hydrodistillation (MAHD). The Agilent 5975C Series GC/MS and a DB-WAX fused silica column (30 m x 0.25 mm i.d., film thickness 0.25 μm). Oven temperature was programmed to 60 0C for 10 min, and then increased at 200C/min to 2300C and held at 2500C for 10 min. The carrier gas, helium, was adjusted to a linear velocity of 30 cm/s. The GC-MS analysis provided different peaks determining the presence of fifteen compounds. These compounds have biological activity namely Ethanimidic acid, ethyl ester (31.43%), Propanal, 2,3-dihydroxy (12.58%), 4H-Pyran-4-one, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-di hydroxy-6-methyl (10....
In this study, the influence of several experimental parameters on the Microwave-assisted Hydrodi... more In this study, the influence of several experimental parameters on the Microwave-assisted Hydrodistillation (MAHD) extraction of Hibiscus flower was investigated: extraction time, solvent polarity, sample amount, solvent volume and sample particle size. It was concluded that the most influential variables were extraction time and solvent polarity. The optimized procedure employed 35 g of ground flowers, 280 mL of methanol and 120 min of extraction. The extracts were fractionated using preparative silica columns (30 m * 0.25 mm i.d., film thickness 0.25 mm). Oven temperature was programmed to 60 oC for 10 min, and then increased at 20 oC/min to 230 oC and held at 250 oC for 10 min. The carrier gas, helium, was adjusted to a linear velocity of 30 cm/s and the resulting fractions were analyzed by Gas Chromatography-mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). Some saturated hydrocarbons and fatty acid methyl esters were identified in theHIbiscus flowers extracts. Thirty-seven compounds were identified, ...
The hydrazine and hydrazide compounds were subjected to condensation reaction with ketone and dif... more The hydrazine and hydrazide compounds were subjected to condensation reaction with ketone and different aldehyde derivatives affording the corresponding expected hydrazones.Tow hydrazone ligands, namely, 4-hydroxy-(2-hydroxy-3methoxybenzylidene)benzohydrazide(L1) and 4-hydroxy-(2-hydroxy-4methoxybenzylidene) benzohydrazide(L2) were synthesized and characterized. The complexationof these ligands with Pb 2+ was also investigatedand characterized. The chemical structures were found to be consistent with both analytical and spectroscopic data (CHN, FTIR, UV/Vis, TGA, 1 H NMR and 13 C NMR). The stoichiomtric ratio of their complexes with Pb 2+ was found to be 1:1 for (L1-Pb 2+) and (L2-Pb 2+). The chromogenic properties of the ligands upon their complexation with Pb 2+ was carried out in different solvents including methanol, ethanol, acetone, acetonitrile, dimethylsulphoxide, and tetrahydrofuran. DMSO was found to be the best solvent forthe complexation.
Journal of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Biotechnology, 2018
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) the best technique to identified the compounds of es... more Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) the best technique to identified the compounds of essential oils by comparison of mass spectra data obtained from the sample with that taken from pure commercially available standards injected under the same conditions. To characterize the chemical constituents of Hibiscus Flower using GC-MS, the shade dried flower powder was extracted with methanol by using Microwave-assisted Hydrodistillation (MAHD). The GC-MS analysis provided different peaks determining the presence of ten compounds. These compounds havebiological activity namely 2-Phenylthiolane (57.31%), Cyclohexene, 3-ethenyl- (25.91%), Acetaldehyde (12.70%), N-Methylallylamine (9.99%), ropanamide (6.79%) and Phthalic acid, bis (7-methyloctyl) ester (5.21%). From the results, it can be concluded that Jasmine flower extract shows the presence of 10 phytocompounds. The presence of various bioactive compounds justifies the use of the jasmine flower for various ailments by traditional...
Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, 2018
The current work analyses the chemical constituents of Jasmine flower using Chromatography-Mass S... more The current work analyses the chemical constituents of Jasmine flower using Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The dried Jasmine flower powder was extracted by methanol via the Microwave-assisted Hydrodistillation (MAHD) process. The GC-MS analysis revealed different peaks that showed the presence of ten compounds. In the current study, we have focused on the main compounds that can be used for biological activity, i.e. 2-Phenylthiolane (57.31%), Cyclohexene, 3-ethenyl- (25.91%), Acetaldehyde (12.70%), N-Methylallylamine (9.99%), Propanamide (6.79%) and Phthalic acid, bis (7-methyloctyl) ester (5.21%). The bio-compounds with methanol extract of Jasmine flower were analyzed by using GC-MS. Functional group analysis was carried out on the volatile oil obtained through MAHD by using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The surface morphologies of untreated dried powdered Jasmine flower (i.e. raw powdered jasmine flower without soaking into methanol solution prior to e...
Excess levels of organic and inorganic matters in the discharge from sugarcane mill effluent (SCM... more Excess levels of organic and inorganic matters in the discharge from sugarcane mill effluent (SCME) wastewater, causes the earnest environmental issue. In this study, a single unit integrated ultrasonic membrane anaerobic system (IUMAS) has been investigated for industrial sugarcane wastewater treatment. As the “Membrane-fouling” is one of the main constraints of IUMAS which eventually reduce the processing ability. In the present study, most researchers resort to cost reduction. IUMAS was alternatively applied as an economical approach for SCME wastewater treatment. The application of “Multiple-analysis” methods (COD, BOD, TSS) and three kinetic models during the treatment, suggested the specific range of organic loading rate to produce biogas. The result showed the increased methane gas production up to 80% in the biogas, with 94 -96% of COD removal efficiency from the SCME wastewater. Results concluded the effective efficiency of IUMAS to reduce the membrane fouling and treatment...
Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) is an innovation that permits extraction of an extensive var... more Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) is an innovation that permits extraction of an extensive variety of different chemical composition from the plant grids. Extraction of essential oil from Jasmine flower was tentatively carried out using the supercritical CO2 technique. The effect of extraction parameters which include pressure (100–300 bar) and temperature (300–350 K) on the oil recovery was explored. The extraction process was optimized using the response surface methodology (RSM). At the SFE optimal conditions, the chemical compositions of the extracted oil were examined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The obtained result reflected that the optimal yield of oil from Jasmine flower was 12.18% mg oil extracted/100 g dry flower, which was achieved through an SFE optimal conditions of pressure at 200 bar and extraction temperature at 325 K. A total number of six chemical compounds were tentatively identified in the Jasmine flower extracted oil at the op...
Background: Pure essential oils are derived from various part of the plants. These essential oils... more Background: Pure essential oils are derived from various part of the plants. These essential oils have a very high commercial value due to its properties. They are widely used in the various fields of industries, such as perfumery industries and pharmaceuticals. The essential oils for are primarily used in the perfumery industry and have a very high commercial value due to its therapeutic properties. Objective: study the techniques available to extract the essential oils from different plant and study the efficiency and the selectivity for this techniques. Results: The essential oils of the plant are composed of heat-sensitive chemical compounds, the use of steam distillation and Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) techniques would inevitably inflict thermal degradation to the natural fragrance. In this experimental work, solvent extraction method was employed due to its mild extracting condition and lower operating cost. Ethanol was used as the solvent due to its high availability ...
In the title compound, C15H14N2O3, the dihedral angle between the benzene rings is 66.56 (5)°. In... more In the title compound, C15H14N2O3, the dihedral angle between the benzene rings is 66.56 (5)°. In the crystal, N—H...O, O—H...O and C—H...O interactions link the molecules into a three-dimensional network. A π–π interaction, with a centroid–centroid distance of 3.628 (6) Å, helps to establish the packing.
In this work, hydrazine and hydrazide compounds were subjected to condensation reaction with keto... more In this work, hydrazine and hydrazide compounds were subjected to condensation reaction with ketone and different aldehyde derivatives affording the corresponding expected hydrazone, 4-hydroxy-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)benzohydrazide(L1) is synthesized and characterized. The chemical structures were found to be consistent with both analytical and spectroscopic data (CHN, FTIR, UV/Vis, TGA, 1H NMR and 13C NMR). The chromogenic property of the ligand was carried out in differentsolvents including methanol, ethanol, acetone, acetonitrile, dimethylsulphoxide, and tetrahydrofuran.
A Schiff base, (E)-4-Hydroxy-N -(2-methoxybenzylidene) benzohydrazide, (E4HB) had been synthesize... more A Schiff base, (E)-4-Hydroxy-N -(2-methoxybenzylidene) benzohydrazide, (E4HB) had been synthesized in good yield by the acid-catalyzed condensation methoxybenzaldehyde and 4-hydroxybenzhydrazide in synthesized compound was elucidated by elemental analysis (CHN), FTIR, 13C-NMR and single crystal X-ray diffraction. E4HB crystallized in the crystal system with space group Z = 8, V = 2656.74(10) A3 14.3951(3) A, b = 8.7449(2) A, c =21.1047(4) A . The crystal structure of the compound is stabilized by intermolecular N1—H1N1….O2, O1 C13—H13A…O1 hydrogen bonds. A π—π interaction with centroid of 3.628 (6) A also occurs (Cg1 = C9— C14, -x, -y, -z).
Essential oils are liquid preparations, produced from plant materials. These essential oils have ... more Essential oils are liquid preparations, produced from plant materials. These essential oils have a very high commercial value due to its properties. Plants essential oils are widely used in the various fields of industries, such as perfumery industries and pharmaceuticals and have a very high commercial value due to its therapeutic properties. Although essential oils showed a promising bioactivity in vitro, they could interact in plants with some components (Terpenes, acids, hydrocarbons, esters) and pH, thus many authors have reported that a significant effect of essential oils toward spoiling and pathogenic microorganisms could be achieved in vivo by using small amounts of oils. Different methods can be used to assess the bioactivity of essential oils. This study show benefits the essential oils and how using this essential oils in biological activities. It can be used oils extracted from different plants, whether they have a biological effect such as antioxidant or anti-bacteria ...
GC-MS the best technique to identified the compounds of essential oils by comparison of mass spec... more GC-MS the best technique to identified the compounds of essential oils by comparison of mass spectra data obtained from the sample with that taken from pure commercially available standards injected under the same conditions. Objective: To characterize the chemical constituents of Hibiscus Flower using GC-MS. The shade dried flower powder was extracted with methanol by using Microwave-assisted Hydrodistillation (MAHD). The Agilent 5975C Series GC/MS and a DB-WAX fused silica column (30 m x 0.25 mm i.d., film thickness 0.25 μm). Oven temperature was programmed to 60 0C for 10 min, and then increased at 200C/min to 2300C and held at 2500C for 10 min. The carrier gas, helium, was adjusted to a linear velocity of 30 cm/s. The GC-MS analysis provided different peaks determining the presence of fifteen compounds. These compounds have biological activity namely Ethanimidic acid, ethyl ester (31.43%), Propanal, 2,3-dihydroxy (12.58%), 4H-Pyran-4-one, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-di hydroxy-6-methyl (10....
In this study, the influence of several experimental parameters on the Microwave-assisted Hydrodi... more In this study, the influence of several experimental parameters on the Microwave-assisted Hydrodistillation (MAHD) extraction of Hibiscus flower was investigated: extraction time, solvent polarity, sample amount, solvent volume and sample particle size. It was concluded that the most influential variables were extraction time and solvent polarity. The optimized procedure employed 35 g of ground flowers, 280 mL of methanol and 120 min of extraction. The extracts were fractionated using preparative silica columns (30 m * 0.25 mm i.d., film thickness 0.25 mm). Oven temperature was programmed to 60 oC for 10 min, and then increased at 20 oC/min to 230 oC and held at 250 oC for 10 min. The carrier gas, helium, was adjusted to a linear velocity of 30 cm/s and the resulting fractions were analyzed by Gas Chromatography-mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). Some saturated hydrocarbons and fatty acid methyl esters were identified in theHIbiscus flowers extracts. Thirty-seven compounds were identified, ...
The hydrazine and hydrazide compounds were subjected to condensation reaction with ketone and dif... more The hydrazine and hydrazide compounds were subjected to condensation reaction with ketone and different aldehyde derivatives affording the corresponding expected hydrazones.Tow hydrazone ligands, namely, 4-hydroxy-(2-hydroxy-3methoxybenzylidene)benzohydrazide(L1) and 4-hydroxy-(2-hydroxy-4methoxybenzylidene) benzohydrazide(L2) were synthesized and characterized. The complexationof these ligands with Pb 2+ was also investigatedand characterized. The chemical structures were found to be consistent with both analytical and spectroscopic data (CHN, FTIR, UV/Vis, TGA, 1 H NMR and 13 C NMR). The stoichiomtric ratio of their complexes with Pb 2+ was found to be 1:1 for (L1-Pb 2+) and (L2-Pb 2+). The chromogenic properties of the ligands upon their complexation with Pb 2+ was carried out in different solvents including methanol, ethanol, acetone, acetonitrile, dimethylsulphoxide, and tetrahydrofuran. DMSO was found to be the best solvent forthe complexation.
Journal of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Biotechnology, 2018
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) the best technique to identified the compounds of es... more Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) the best technique to identified the compounds of essential oils by comparison of mass spectra data obtained from the sample with that taken from pure commercially available standards injected under the same conditions. To characterize the chemical constituents of Hibiscus Flower using GC-MS, the shade dried flower powder was extracted with methanol by using Microwave-assisted Hydrodistillation (MAHD). The GC-MS analysis provided different peaks determining the presence of ten compounds. These compounds havebiological activity namely 2-Phenylthiolane (57.31%), Cyclohexene, 3-ethenyl- (25.91%), Acetaldehyde (12.70%), N-Methylallylamine (9.99%), ropanamide (6.79%) and Phthalic acid, bis (7-methyloctyl) ester (5.21%). From the results, it can be concluded that Jasmine flower extract shows the presence of 10 phytocompounds. The presence of various bioactive compounds justifies the use of the jasmine flower for various ailments by traditional...
Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, 2018
The current work analyses the chemical constituents of Jasmine flower using Chromatography-Mass S... more The current work analyses the chemical constituents of Jasmine flower using Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The dried Jasmine flower powder was extracted by methanol via the Microwave-assisted Hydrodistillation (MAHD) process. The GC-MS analysis revealed different peaks that showed the presence of ten compounds. In the current study, we have focused on the main compounds that can be used for biological activity, i.e. 2-Phenylthiolane (57.31%), Cyclohexene, 3-ethenyl- (25.91%), Acetaldehyde (12.70%), N-Methylallylamine (9.99%), Propanamide (6.79%) and Phthalic acid, bis (7-methyloctyl) ester (5.21%). The bio-compounds with methanol extract of Jasmine flower were analyzed by using GC-MS. Functional group analysis was carried out on the volatile oil obtained through MAHD by using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The surface morphologies of untreated dried powdered Jasmine flower (i.e. raw powdered jasmine flower without soaking into methanol solution prior to e...
Excess levels of organic and inorganic matters in the discharge from sugarcane mill effluent (SCM... more Excess levels of organic and inorganic matters in the discharge from sugarcane mill effluent (SCME) wastewater, causes the earnest environmental issue. In this study, a single unit integrated ultrasonic membrane anaerobic system (IUMAS) has been investigated for industrial sugarcane wastewater treatment. As the “Membrane-fouling” is one of the main constraints of IUMAS which eventually reduce the processing ability. In the present study, most researchers resort to cost reduction. IUMAS was alternatively applied as an economical approach for SCME wastewater treatment. The application of “Multiple-analysis” methods (COD, BOD, TSS) and three kinetic models during the treatment, suggested the specific range of organic loading rate to produce biogas. The result showed the increased methane gas production up to 80% in the biogas, with 94 -96% of COD removal efficiency from the SCME wastewater. Results concluded the effective efficiency of IUMAS to reduce the membrane fouling and treatment...
Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) is an innovation that permits extraction of an extensive var... more Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) is an innovation that permits extraction of an extensive variety of different chemical composition from the plant grids. Extraction of essential oil from Jasmine flower was tentatively carried out using the supercritical CO2 technique. The effect of extraction parameters which include pressure (100–300 bar) and temperature (300–350 K) on the oil recovery was explored. The extraction process was optimized using the response surface methodology (RSM). At the SFE optimal conditions, the chemical compositions of the extracted oil were examined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The obtained result reflected that the optimal yield of oil from Jasmine flower was 12.18% mg oil extracted/100 g dry flower, which was achieved through an SFE optimal conditions of pressure at 200 bar and extraction temperature at 325 K. A total number of six chemical compounds were tentatively identified in the Jasmine flower extracted oil at the op...
Background: Pure essential oils are derived from various part of the plants. These essential oils... more Background: Pure essential oils are derived from various part of the plants. These essential oils have a very high commercial value due to its properties. They are widely used in the various fields of industries, such as perfumery industries and pharmaceuticals. The essential oils for are primarily used in the perfumery industry and have a very high commercial value due to its therapeutic properties. Objective: study the techniques available to extract the essential oils from different plant and study the efficiency and the selectivity for this techniques. Results: The essential oils of the plant are composed of heat-sensitive chemical compounds, the use of steam distillation and Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) techniques would inevitably inflict thermal degradation to the natural fragrance. In this experimental work, solvent extraction method was employed due to its mild extracting condition and lower operating cost. Ethanol was used as the solvent due to its high availability ...
In the title compound, C15H14N2O3, the dihedral angle between the benzene rings is 66.56 (5)°. In... more In the title compound, C15H14N2O3, the dihedral angle between the benzene rings is 66.56 (5)°. In the crystal, N—H...O, O—H...O and C—H...O interactions link the molecules into a three-dimensional network. A π–π interaction, with a centroid–centroid distance of 3.628 (6) Å, helps to establish the packing.
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