The use of trace elements ions had witnessed a phenomenal rise in agriculture as well as in the i... more The use of trace elements ions had witnessed a phenomenal rise in agriculture as well as in the industrial sectors in recent past. The study was conducted within parts of Central Ganga Plain with an objective to find out the concentration of fifteen trace elements (As, Pb, Sr, Ba, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Cd, Fe, Zn, Cr, B, Se, and Al) in the regional groundwater. These probe elements were further categorized as toxic metals (Pb, As), alkaline earth metals (Sr, Ba), transition metals (Mn, Co, Ni), metallic elements (Cu, Cd, Fe, Zn, Cr), and nonmetallic elements (B, Se, Al). Inductive Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrophotometer (ICPMS) was employed to determine the concentration of these trace elements in collected water samples. The study reveals that some groundwater samples had marginally high concentration of Mn, Fe, Pb, and Cr, whereas, concentration of Al and Sr in water samples is very high as per W.H.O. standard for potable water. These high concentrations of metal ions in groundwater was probably due to unsafe discharge of effluent from sugar mill, pulp and paper, cooperative distilleries, municipal wastewater, fertilizers and other industries. The adverse effects of large-scale industrialization in these areas can now be distinctly observed in the form of deterioration of groundwater quality.
International Journal of Physical Sciences, Sep 18, 2010
Indo-Gangetic plain encompassed a large alluvial track consisting of multi-tier aquifer system. D... more Indo-Gangetic plain encompassed a large alluvial track consisting of multi-tier aquifer system. Due to stride developmental activities and agricultural advancement, shallow groundwater regime was under potential threats to get contaminated. In the present study, 'DRASTIC' methodology was adopted to demarcate the zones based on their vulnerability to contamination. In CGP, both quality and quantity of shallow aquifers to a large extent was governed by land use pattern. Therefore, landuse pattern was included in the widely applied 'DRASTIC' methodology. The landuse pattern was classified into different categories, for example, industrial, agriculture and rural and a numeric rating was assigned for each category based on probable risk. The model provided a numerical basis for estimating vulnerability indices and the map that is thus prepared depicts that 5, 39, 33 and 23% of the area studied correspond to low, moderate, high and very high vulnerable zones, respectively. As chemical studies unequivocally demonstrated that pollution is the major source of solutes in groundwater, a good match between TDS values and vulnerability indices gave credibility in the estimation of vulnerability to contamination.
The number of roots and root area ratio (RAR) decreased with depth in Acacia mangium and Macarang... more The number of roots and root area ratio (RAR) decreased with depth in Acacia mangium and Macaranga tanarius and the maximum value of RAR and root number were observed in the first layer of soil. This process was regular in Acacia mangium Willd., but the RAR value showed great variability in Macaranga tanarius L. as the RAR decreased with depth until the second layer (20 cm) and increased again. About 35% of all roots in A. mangium, and about 50% of all roots in M. tanarius are located in the first layer. About 87% of all roots were in the fine root diameter class (d < 2 mm) in M. tanarius species. However 90% of all roots were in the fine root diameter class in A. magnium species. Fine roots contribution to soil reinforcement due to concentration on upper levels, prevent surface erosion and shallow landslide. These results will be useful for slope stability projects.
The rapid development in information and communications technology (ICT) has changed the methodol... more The rapid development in information and communications technology (ICT) has changed the methodology of teaching and learning geography in secondary schools. This paper tries to study the effectiveness of using web-based interactive animated maps in geography teaching and learning. For this purpose, a web-based interactive animated map was developed. The main features of the animated map were to test the students' ability in map reading, map feature recognition and understanding of main geographical concepts. A sample of this study consisting of 106 Form Four students (16 years old) was randomly selected and categorised into two groups. The experimental group was exposed to interactive animated maps whereas the control group used standard computer-delivered static maps without the animated features. The results of the post-test show that students using web-based interactive animated maps outperformed students using the standard computer-delivered static maps. The findings will be discussed especially those pertaining to the imbedded features of animated maps as a new approach of teaching geography that challenges and enhances student understanding.
Hazards involving ground movements and instabilities such as landslides, falling rocks or earth-f... more Hazards involving ground movements and instabilities such as landslides, falling rocks or earth-falls can lead to considerable human and economic losses. Continuous monitoring of such regions can give insight into mechanisms and triggers of hazardous events. This paper discusses the design and development of a ground-based millimetre-wave Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) for land deformation monitoring. The proposed system will operate at 35 GHz with change detection capability of 10 mm using interferometry technique. It will be mounted on a 1.5 m linear guided rail for continuous monitoring of a test site at Cameron Highland, Malaysia.
The use of trace elements ions had witnessed a phenomenal rise in agriculture as well as in the i... more The use of trace elements ions had witnessed a phenomenal rise in agriculture as well as in the industrial sectors in recent past. The study was conducted within parts of Central Ganga Plain with an objective to find out the concentration of fifteen trace elements (As, Pb, Sr, Ba, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Cd, Fe, Zn, Cr, B, Se, and Al) in the regional groundwater. These probe elements were further categorized as toxic metals (Pb, As), alkaline earth metals (Sr, Ba), transition metals (Mn, Co, Ni), metallic elements (Cu, Cd, Fe, Zn, Cr), and nonmetallic elements (B, Se, Al). Inductive Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrophotometer (ICPMS) was employed to determine the concentration of these trace elements in collected water samples. The study reveals that some groundwater samples had marginally high concentration of Mn, Fe, Pb, and Cr, whereas, concentration of Al and Sr in water samples is very high as per W.H.O. standard for potable water. These high concentrations of metal ions in groundwater was probably due to unsafe discharge of effluent from sugar mill, pulp and paper, cooperative distilleries, municipal wastewater, fertilizers and other industries. The adverse effects of large-scale industrialization in these areas can now be distinctly observed in the form of deterioration of groundwater quality.
International Journal of Physical Sciences, Sep 18, 2010
Indo-Gangetic plain encompassed a large alluvial track consisting of multi-tier aquifer system. D... more Indo-Gangetic plain encompassed a large alluvial track consisting of multi-tier aquifer system. Due to stride developmental activities and agricultural advancement, shallow groundwater regime was under potential threats to get contaminated. In the present study, 'DRASTIC' methodology was adopted to demarcate the zones based on their vulnerability to contamination. In CGP, both quality and quantity of shallow aquifers to a large extent was governed by land use pattern. Therefore, landuse pattern was included in the widely applied 'DRASTIC' methodology. The landuse pattern was classified into different categories, for example, industrial, agriculture and rural and a numeric rating was assigned for each category based on probable risk. The model provided a numerical basis for estimating vulnerability indices and the map that is thus prepared depicts that 5, 39, 33 and 23% of the area studied correspond to low, moderate, high and very high vulnerable zones, respectively. As chemical studies unequivocally demonstrated that pollution is the major source of solutes in groundwater, a good match between TDS values and vulnerability indices gave credibility in the estimation of vulnerability to contamination.
The number of roots and root area ratio (RAR) decreased with depth in Acacia mangium and Macarang... more The number of roots and root area ratio (RAR) decreased with depth in Acacia mangium and Macaranga tanarius and the maximum value of RAR and root number were observed in the first layer of soil. This process was regular in Acacia mangium Willd., but the RAR value showed great variability in Macaranga tanarius L. as the RAR decreased with depth until the second layer (20 cm) and increased again. About 35% of all roots in A. mangium, and about 50% of all roots in M. tanarius are located in the first layer. About 87% of all roots were in the fine root diameter class (d < 2 mm) in M. tanarius species. However 90% of all roots were in the fine root diameter class in A. magnium species. Fine roots contribution to soil reinforcement due to concentration on upper levels, prevent surface erosion and shallow landslide. These results will be useful for slope stability projects.
The rapid development in information and communications technology (ICT) has changed the methodol... more The rapid development in information and communications technology (ICT) has changed the methodology of teaching and learning geography in secondary schools. This paper tries to study the effectiveness of using web-based interactive animated maps in geography teaching and learning. For this purpose, a web-based interactive animated map was developed. The main features of the animated map were to test the students' ability in map reading, map feature recognition and understanding of main geographical concepts. A sample of this study consisting of 106 Form Four students (16 years old) was randomly selected and categorised into two groups. The experimental group was exposed to interactive animated maps whereas the control group used standard computer-delivered static maps without the animated features. The results of the post-test show that students using web-based interactive animated maps outperformed students using the standard computer-delivered static maps. The findings will be discussed especially those pertaining to the imbedded features of animated maps as a new approach of teaching geography that challenges and enhances student understanding.
Hazards involving ground movements and instabilities such as landslides, falling rocks or earth-f... more Hazards involving ground movements and instabilities such as landslides, falling rocks or earth-falls can lead to considerable human and economic losses. Continuous monitoring of such regions can give insight into mechanisms and triggers of hazardous events. This paper discusses the design and development of a ground-based millimetre-wave Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) for land deformation monitoring. The proposed system will operate at 35 GHz with change detection capability of 10 mm using interferometry technique. It will be mounted on a 1.5 m linear guided rail for continuous monitoring of a test site at Cameron Highland, Malaysia.
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