Chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) is a G protein-coupled receptor that plays an essential role in... more Chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) is a G protein-coupled receptor that plays an essential role in immune system function and disease processes. Our study aims to conduct a comparative structural and phylogenetic analysis of the CXCR4 protein to gain insights into its role in emerging and re-emerging diseases that impact the health of mammals. In this study, we analyzed the evolution of CXCR4 genes across a wide range of mammalian species. The phylogenetic study showed speciesspecific evolutionary patterns. Our analysis revealed novel insights into the evolutionary history of CXCR4, including genetic changes that may have led to functional differences in the protein. This study revealed that the structural homologous human proteins and mammalian CXCR4 shared many characteristics. We also examined the three-dimensional structure of CXCR4 and its interactions with other molecules in the cell. Our findings provide new insights into the genomic landscape of CXCR4 in the context of emerging and re-emerging diseases, which could inform the development of more effective treatments or prevention strategies. Overall, our study sheds light on the vital role of CXCR4 in mammalian health and disease, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target for various diseases impacting human and animal health. These findings provided insight into the study of human immunological disorders by indicating that Chemokines may have activities identical to or similar to those in humans and several mammalian species.
Chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) is a G protein-coupled receptor that plays an essential role in... more Chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) is a G protein-coupled receptor that plays an essential role in immune system function and disease processes. Our study aims to conduct a comparative structural and phylogenetic analysis of the CXCR4 protein to gain insights into its role in emerging and re-emerging diseases that impact the health of mammals. In this study, we analyzed the evolution of CXCR4 genes across a wide range of mammalian species. The phylogenetic study showed species-specific evolutionary patterns. Our analysis revealed novel insights into the evolutionary history of CXCR4, including genetic changes that may have led to functional differences in the protein. This study revealed that the structural homologous human proteins and mammalian CXCR4 shared many characteristics. We also examined the three-dimensional structure of CXCR4 and its interactions with other molecules in the cell. Our findings provide new insights into the genomic landscape of CXCR4 in the context of emerg...
Usually in new places sign boards are used to provide directions or infrastructural information, ... more Usually in new places sign boards are used to provide directions or infrastructural information, this approach is quite rudimentary and limited. These boards can provide us with fixed and limited information and require physical space in the campus, further they cannot be updated frequently. In order to eliminate these limitation we proposed an idea and implemented a system that provides this meta information using augmented reality. In this project we present an android mobile phone application based on the concepts of augmented reality to retrieve meta information about real-life buildings (IIITD campus) via their architectural models. The aim of the application is to help users to readily get information about the buildings without any external help in real-time. In this project we started with model generation, followed by the transformation of the models from local coordinate system to UTM coordinate system. All the model data is stored in PostgreSQL database. We show that our ...
2018 2nd URSI Atlantic Radio Science Meeting (AT-RASC), 2018
Measurement of radio frequency (RF) power is extremely important in RF metrology and great stride... more Measurement of radio frequency (RF) power is extremely important in RF metrology and great strides have been made over the last couple of decades to enhance its accuracy. This paper briefly summarized the recent developments concerning the power standards as well as current capabilities of various national metrology institutes (NMIs) worldwide.
Implication for health policy/practice/research/medical education The British South-Asian people ... more Implication for health policy/practice/research/medical education The British South-Asian people show poor level of knowledge in diabetes and have been discouraged to join educational sessions. Mild and severe hypoglycemia were seen less frequently in insulin-treated type 2 diabetes than have been reported previously in type 1 diabetes, the risk of hypoglycemia had positive relation with duration of diabetes and insulin therapy. Although impaired awareness of hypoglycemia was uncommon, it was associated with a higher incidence of severe hypoglycemia. Please cite this paper as: Nazar CMJ, Ahmed A, Akhtar MH, Kareem N. The awareness levels, attitude and perception of people about diabetes. J Renal Endocrinol. 2016;2(1):e01.
Introduction: The rationale behind this study was to determine the burden of dysplasia and colore... more Introduction: The rationale behind this study was to determine the burden of dysplasia and colorectal cancer in young patients with ulcerative colitis on histopathological examination. This facilitated early detection of dysplasia and colorectal cancer by regular endoscopic biopsies will guide the physicians on appropriate surveillance and management. Objectives: To determine the frequency of colorectal dysplasia and colorectal cancer on histopathological examination in young (15-40 years) patients with ulcerative colitis. Patients and Methods: 76 biopsies of already diagnosed cases of UC of young patients aged between 15-40 years of either gender were included. Specimens were fixed in 10% buffer formalin, paraffin embedded followed by cutting, slide preparation and staining with hematoxylin and eosin stain and examined under light microscope. Results: There were 13 (17.2%) patients who were diagnosed for colorectal dysplasia, 03 (3.9%) with indefinite for dysplasia; 08 (10.5%) with...
2021 USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (USCN-URSI RSM), 2021
A dual-band artificial metal grid dielectric resonator antenna (GDRA) operating at millimeter wav... more A dual-band artificial metal grid dielectric resonator antenna (GDRA) operating at millimeter wave frequencies is presented. The embedded metal grids increase the effective permittivity of base dielectric composed of poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA) and their I-shape allows for two unique modes. Simulation results demonstrate that the GDRA resonates at 28 and 38 GHz with 6.96 and 6.99 dBi gains, respectively. The GDRA can be tuned to operate as a lower single band, upper single band or as a dual-band antenna by adjusting the feed line dimension.
International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 2020
Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) face challenges regarding high propagation delay, lim... more Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) face challenges regarding high propagation delay, limited bandwidth, 3D topology and excessive energy consumptions. In this paper, a routing scheme with circular field is proposed for an efficient collection of data packets by using two mobile sinks in UWSNs. Results of proposed scheme are compared with previous implemented schemes which are used to measure the usage of mobile sink in the collection of data packets. In this study, we have compared the proposed scheme with current state-of-the-art routing protocols. The statistical significance of this work was analyzed in MATLAB. Marked observations to emerge from obtained results include an improvement in lifetime, increased throughput, increment in alive nodes and balanced energy consumption. In our view, these results strengthen the validity of proposed circular field. A significant increase in received packets is observed because maximum nodes are alive till 1500 rounds which provide maximum communication and less chance of creating void holes.
K. pneumoniae termed as classical K. pneumoniae (cKP) and hypervirulent K. pneumoniae (hvKP) have... more K. pneumoniae termed as classical K. pneumoniae (cKP) and hypervirulent K. pneumoniae (hvKP) have significant role in pathogenicity of complicated UTI (cUTI). hvKP has not been ever reported from Pakistan. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of hvKP among kidney stone patients and their association with cUTI. Total 121 urine samples were collected from two tertiary care hospitals (Poly Clinic and Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences hospital, Islamabad). From 43.5% (53) kidney stone patients, 61 isolates of K. pneumoniae (cKP 43, hvKP 18) were confirmed through standard microbiological and biochemical characterization methods. K. pneumoniae prevalence in kidney stone patients with cUTI was 67.6% (48) (hvKP 25%, cKP 75%). All K. pneumoniae isolates were strong biofilm formers. Age was important in development of cUTI in patients of age group 31-50 years in which biofilm formation and bactericidal activity of K. pneumoniae was significant with P = 0.017 and P = 0.05 respectively. Antibiotic susceptibility was tested and 20 (33%) isolates showed Multidrug resistance (MDR). hvKP isolated from cUTI, showed comparatively enhanced virulence attributes with multidrug resistance, suggesting their role in development of cUTI in kidney stone patients, hence there is need for whenever prescribing antimicrobial therapy in these patients, hvKP should also be focused.
In this paper, we address the two main topics of 3D navigation and space identification within th... more In this paper, we address the two main topics of 3D navigation and space identification within the context of mixed reality. Creating navigable digital replicas from real-life buildings is a cumbersome task. We present a mostly automated pipeline to process 3D geometry created from architectural blueprints. We discuss a coherent procedural approach to build the topological information required for navigation and a semiautomatic generation of hierarchical tags for identification of spaces. The geometric and topological information along with tags is stored in a spatial database. We address challenges in automating the entire process such that manual effort is reduced to minimal. Our approach to asset creation enables navigation and identification in both indoor and outdoor spaces. Such a digital infrastructure is central to any VR and AR system that utilizes these assets for further computations.
Weakly coupled directional couplers are known to have poor directivities and narrow bandwidths. I... more Weakly coupled directional couplers are known to have poor directivities and narrow bandwidths. In order to improve both parameters simultaneously, this article demonstrates for the first time, that combination of shunt reactive loading and external impedance matching, results in high directivity, and wideband performance. The proposed directional coupler, fabricated on a Rogers 6035HTC substrate, demonstrates directivity greater than 20 dB over a fractional bandwidth of 35%, which is the highest reported for microstrip based design having weak coupling factor of 30 dB.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are common comorbid conditions. Lif... more Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are common comorbid conditions. Life style, particularly diet is a critical component of treatment for these conditions. Register dietitians play a key role in bridging the gap between the science of nutrition and the empowerment of individuals to alter their lifestyles in a healthy manner. A range of dietary manipulations has been reported to reduce risk factors and decrease risk of CVD and CKD outcomes. However, many studies provided food to participants or were limited to adjustment of few specific nutrients. Diet intervention in relation with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is really complicated topic. As multiple co morbid conditions such as hypertension, CVD, CKD, and diabetes mellitus (DM) are associated with ESRD, which made the scenario really worse while fixing the dose of any diet. Still a lot of research work is required to understand this topic.
Chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) is a G protein-coupled receptor that plays an essential role in... more Chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) is a G protein-coupled receptor that plays an essential role in immune system function and disease processes. Our study aims to conduct a comparative structural and phylogenetic analysis of the CXCR4 protein to gain insights into its role in emerging and re-emerging diseases that impact the health of mammals. In this study, we analyzed the evolution of CXCR4 genes across a wide range of mammalian species. The phylogenetic study showed speciesspecific evolutionary patterns. Our analysis revealed novel insights into the evolutionary history of CXCR4, including genetic changes that may have led to functional differences in the protein. This study revealed that the structural homologous human proteins and mammalian CXCR4 shared many characteristics. We also examined the three-dimensional structure of CXCR4 and its interactions with other molecules in the cell. Our findings provide new insights into the genomic landscape of CXCR4 in the context of emerging and re-emerging diseases, which could inform the development of more effective treatments or prevention strategies. Overall, our study sheds light on the vital role of CXCR4 in mammalian health and disease, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target for various diseases impacting human and animal health. These findings provided insight into the study of human immunological disorders by indicating that Chemokines may have activities identical to or similar to those in humans and several mammalian species.
Chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) is a G protein-coupled receptor that plays an essential role in... more Chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) is a G protein-coupled receptor that plays an essential role in immune system function and disease processes. Our study aims to conduct a comparative structural and phylogenetic analysis of the CXCR4 protein to gain insights into its role in emerging and re-emerging diseases that impact the health of mammals. In this study, we analyzed the evolution of CXCR4 genes across a wide range of mammalian species. The phylogenetic study showed species-specific evolutionary patterns. Our analysis revealed novel insights into the evolutionary history of CXCR4, including genetic changes that may have led to functional differences in the protein. This study revealed that the structural homologous human proteins and mammalian CXCR4 shared many characteristics. We also examined the three-dimensional structure of CXCR4 and its interactions with other molecules in the cell. Our findings provide new insights into the genomic landscape of CXCR4 in the context of emerg...
Usually in new places sign boards are used to provide directions or infrastructural information, ... more Usually in new places sign boards are used to provide directions or infrastructural information, this approach is quite rudimentary and limited. These boards can provide us with fixed and limited information and require physical space in the campus, further they cannot be updated frequently. In order to eliminate these limitation we proposed an idea and implemented a system that provides this meta information using augmented reality. In this project we present an android mobile phone application based on the concepts of augmented reality to retrieve meta information about real-life buildings (IIITD campus) via their architectural models. The aim of the application is to help users to readily get information about the buildings without any external help in real-time. In this project we started with model generation, followed by the transformation of the models from local coordinate system to UTM coordinate system. All the model data is stored in PostgreSQL database. We show that our ...
2018 2nd URSI Atlantic Radio Science Meeting (AT-RASC), 2018
Measurement of radio frequency (RF) power is extremely important in RF metrology and great stride... more Measurement of radio frequency (RF) power is extremely important in RF metrology and great strides have been made over the last couple of decades to enhance its accuracy. This paper briefly summarized the recent developments concerning the power standards as well as current capabilities of various national metrology institutes (NMIs) worldwide.
Implication for health policy/practice/research/medical education The British South-Asian people ... more Implication for health policy/practice/research/medical education The British South-Asian people show poor level of knowledge in diabetes and have been discouraged to join educational sessions. Mild and severe hypoglycemia were seen less frequently in insulin-treated type 2 diabetes than have been reported previously in type 1 diabetes, the risk of hypoglycemia had positive relation with duration of diabetes and insulin therapy. Although impaired awareness of hypoglycemia was uncommon, it was associated with a higher incidence of severe hypoglycemia. Please cite this paper as: Nazar CMJ, Ahmed A, Akhtar MH, Kareem N. The awareness levels, attitude and perception of people about diabetes. J Renal Endocrinol. 2016;2(1):e01.
Introduction: The rationale behind this study was to determine the burden of dysplasia and colore... more Introduction: The rationale behind this study was to determine the burden of dysplasia and colorectal cancer in young patients with ulcerative colitis on histopathological examination. This facilitated early detection of dysplasia and colorectal cancer by regular endoscopic biopsies will guide the physicians on appropriate surveillance and management. Objectives: To determine the frequency of colorectal dysplasia and colorectal cancer on histopathological examination in young (15-40 years) patients with ulcerative colitis. Patients and Methods: 76 biopsies of already diagnosed cases of UC of young patients aged between 15-40 years of either gender were included. Specimens were fixed in 10% buffer formalin, paraffin embedded followed by cutting, slide preparation and staining with hematoxylin and eosin stain and examined under light microscope. Results: There were 13 (17.2%) patients who were diagnosed for colorectal dysplasia, 03 (3.9%) with indefinite for dysplasia; 08 (10.5%) with...
2021 USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (USCN-URSI RSM), 2021
A dual-band artificial metal grid dielectric resonator antenna (GDRA) operating at millimeter wav... more A dual-band artificial metal grid dielectric resonator antenna (GDRA) operating at millimeter wave frequencies is presented. The embedded metal grids increase the effective permittivity of base dielectric composed of poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA) and their I-shape allows for two unique modes. Simulation results demonstrate that the GDRA resonates at 28 and 38 GHz with 6.96 and 6.99 dBi gains, respectively. The GDRA can be tuned to operate as a lower single band, upper single band or as a dual-band antenna by adjusting the feed line dimension.
International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 2020
Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) face challenges regarding high propagation delay, lim... more Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) face challenges regarding high propagation delay, limited bandwidth, 3D topology and excessive energy consumptions. In this paper, a routing scheme with circular field is proposed for an efficient collection of data packets by using two mobile sinks in UWSNs. Results of proposed scheme are compared with previous implemented schemes which are used to measure the usage of mobile sink in the collection of data packets. In this study, we have compared the proposed scheme with current state-of-the-art routing protocols. The statistical significance of this work was analyzed in MATLAB. Marked observations to emerge from obtained results include an improvement in lifetime, increased throughput, increment in alive nodes and balanced energy consumption. In our view, these results strengthen the validity of proposed circular field. A significant increase in received packets is observed because maximum nodes are alive till 1500 rounds which provide maximum communication and less chance of creating void holes.
K. pneumoniae termed as classical K. pneumoniae (cKP) and hypervirulent K. pneumoniae (hvKP) have... more K. pneumoniae termed as classical K. pneumoniae (cKP) and hypervirulent K. pneumoniae (hvKP) have significant role in pathogenicity of complicated UTI (cUTI). hvKP has not been ever reported from Pakistan. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of hvKP among kidney stone patients and their association with cUTI. Total 121 urine samples were collected from two tertiary care hospitals (Poly Clinic and Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences hospital, Islamabad). From 43.5% (53) kidney stone patients, 61 isolates of K. pneumoniae (cKP 43, hvKP 18) were confirmed through standard microbiological and biochemical characterization methods. K. pneumoniae prevalence in kidney stone patients with cUTI was 67.6% (48) (hvKP 25%, cKP 75%). All K. pneumoniae isolates were strong biofilm formers. Age was important in development of cUTI in patients of age group 31-50 years in which biofilm formation and bactericidal activity of K. pneumoniae was significant with P = 0.017 and P = 0.05 respectively. Antibiotic susceptibility was tested and 20 (33%) isolates showed Multidrug resistance (MDR). hvKP isolated from cUTI, showed comparatively enhanced virulence attributes with multidrug resistance, suggesting their role in development of cUTI in kidney stone patients, hence there is need for whenever prescribing antimicrobial therapy in these patients, hvKP should also be focused.
In this paper, we address the two main topics of 3D navigation and space identification within th... more In this paper, we address the two main topics of 3D navigation and space identification within the context of mixed reality. Creating navigable digital replicas from real-life buildings is a cumbersome task. We present a mostly automated pipeline to process 3D geometry created from architectural blueprints. We discuss a coherent procedural approach to build the topological information required for navigation and a semiautomatic generation of hierarchical tags for identification of spaces. The geometric and topological information along with tags is stored in a spatial database. We address challenges in automating the entire process such that manual effort is reduced to minimal. Our approach to asset creation enables navigation and identification in both indoor and outdoor spaces. Such a digital infrastructure is central to any VR and AR system that utilizes these assets for further computations.
Weakly coupled directional couplers are known to have poor directivities and narrow bandwidths. I... more Weakly coupled directional couplers are known to have poor directivities and narrow bandwidths. In order to improve both parameters simultaneously, this article demonstrates for the first time, that combination of shunt reactive loading and external impedance matching, results in high directivity, and wideband performance. The proposed directional coupler, fabricated on a Rogers 6035HTC substrate, demonstrates directivity greater than 20 dB over a fractional bandwidth of 35%, which is the highest reported for microstrip based design having weak coupling factor of 30 dB.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are common comorbid conditions. Lif... more Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are common comorbid conditions. Life style, particularly diet is a critical component of treatment for these conditions. Register dietitians play a key role in bridging the gap between the science of nutrition and the empowerment of individuals to alter their lifestyles in a healthy manner. A range of dietary manipulations has been reported to reduce risk factors and decrease risk of CVD and CKD outcomes. However, many studies provided food to participants or were limited to adjustment of few specific nutrients. Diet intervention in relation with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is really complicated topic. As multiple co morbid conditions such as hypertension, CVD, CKD, and diabetes mellitus (DM) are associated with ESRD, which made the scenario really worse while fixing the dose of any diet. Still a lot of research work is required to understand this topic.
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