This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of flaxseed oil against hepato-renal toxici... more This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of flaxseed oil against hepato-renal toxicity induced by methotrexate. Rats treated with methotrexate exhibited elevations in the levels of AST, ALT, ALP, γGT, LDH, urea, creatinine, uric acid, and bilirubin. Furthermore, the levels of MDA, NO and the relative ratio of the gene expression of COX-2 and iNOS were significantly increased, accompanied by a decrease in the total protein, SOD, GPx, total thiol as well as the GSH content. Alterations in the lipid profile and hepato-renal histology were observed in rats treated with methotrexate. In addition, up-regulations of α-SMA and loss of DNA bands integration were observed in methotrexate treated rats. However, the oral treatment of flaxseed oil exhibited a protective effect against methotrexate toxicity in rats that could be attributed to its potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities.
Deleterious effects of cypermethrin on rat liver and kidney: Protective role of sesame oil
Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B, 2012
The involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been implicated in the toxicity of various p... more The involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been implicated in the toxicity of various pesticides. Our study was designed to investigate the induction of oxidative stress by cypermethrin; a Type II pyrethroid in rat liver and kidney. In addition, the protective role of sesame oil against the toxicity of cypermethrin was investigated. Animals were divided into four equal groups; the first group used as control while groups 2, 3 and 4 were treated with sesame oil (5 mL/kg b.w), cypermethrin (12 mg/kg b.w) and the combination of both sesame oil (5 mL/kg b.w) plus cypermethrin (12 mg/kg b.w), respectively. Rats were daily administered with their respective doses for 30 days by gavage. Repeated oral administration of cypermethrin was found to reduce the level of glutathione (GSH) and the activities of the antioxidant enzymes. While, the level of TBARS was elevated indicating the presence of oxidative stress. The activities of LDH, AST and ALT were decreased in the liver extract while increased in the plasma of the cypermethrin-treated group. Also, the levels of urea and creatinine were significantly increased after treatment with cypermethrin. Liver and kidney injury was confirmed by the histological changes. In conclusion, the administration of sesame oil provided significant protection against cypermethrin-induced oxidative stress, biochemical changes, histopathological damage and genomic DNA fragmentation.
Background Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disruptor to which humans are often subjected during... more Background Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disruptor to which humans are often subjected during daily life. This study aimed to investigate the ameliorative effect of astragaloside IV (ASIV) or saponins extracted from Astragalus spinosus (A. spinosus) against DNA damage and neurotoxic effects induced by BPA in prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampal and striatal brain regions of developing male rats. Materials and Methods Juvenile PND20 (pre-weaning; age of 20 days) male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly and equally divided into four groups: control, BPA, BPA+ASIV and BPA+A. spinosus saponins groups. Bisphenol A (125 mg/kg/day) was administrated orally to male rats from day 20 (BPA group) and along with ASIV (80 mg/kg/day) (BPA+ASIV group) or A. spinosus saponin (100 mg/kg/day) (BPA+ A. spinosus saponins group) from day 50 to adult age day 117. Results Increased level of nitric oxide (NO) and decreased level of glutamate (Glu), glutamine (Gln), glutaminase (GA) and glutamine syntheta...
The present study investigated the potential role of Arctium lappa L. extract against the hepato-... more The present study investigated the potential role of Arctium lappa L. extract against the hepato-cardio toxicity and hyperlipidemia induced by ZnO-NPs in male rats. The groups of this study were Control, ZnO-NPs (50 mg/kg b.w.), ZnO-NPs+Arctium lappa L. (300 mg/kg b.w.) and Arctium lappa L. group. The oral administration of ZnO-NPs caused significant decrease in RBC, Hb, Hct and platelets while, WBC was increased. Liver enzymes and total bilirubin were significantly increased after ZnO-NPs supplementation. On the other hand, protein, albumin and globulin were significantly decreased in ZnO-NPs group. Lipid profile determination revealed hyperlipidemia state in the ZnO-NPs group. The ZnO-NPs group exhibited an oxidative stress as documented by an increase in TBARS and a decrease in GSH and total thiol. CK-MB, PON1, Fe+3 were significantly decreased while; LDH, TNF-α, p53, IL-6, Zn+2 and Ca+2 were increased in ZnO-NPs treated group. In addition, ZnO-NPs caused histopathological change...
Exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) contributes to neurological disorders, but the underlying mechanism... more Exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) contributes to neurological disorders, but the underlying mechanisms are still not completely understood. We studied the neurotoxic effect of BPA and how it promotes inflammation and alteration in the neurotransmission synthesis, release and transmission. This study was also designed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSPE) against BPA-induced neurotoxicity in rats. Rats were equally divided into 4 group with 7 rats in each as follows: control group, BPA group, GSPE + BPA group and GSPE group. Rats were orally treated with their respective doses (50 mg BPA/kg BW and/or 200 mg GSPE/kg BW) daily for 70 days. BPA elicits significant elevation in malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) associated with significant reduction in glutathione (GSH), total thiols, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST). BPA exposure result in increased dopamine and serotonin levels, ...
Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a flavor enhancer. Oxidative neurotoxicity of MSG is well establish... more Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a flavor enhancer. Oxidative neurotoxicity of MSG is well established. This study explored the therapeutic effect of red clover’s (RC) extract against MSG–induced neurodegeneration. HPLC-analysis revealed that formononetin, genistein, daidzein and biochanin A are the major isoflavones in RC’s extract. Four equal groups of male rats were used: control group, MSG-treated group, MSG plus RC-treated group and RC-treated group. The gene expression of iNOS, TNF-α, Cox-2 and p53 were evaluated in the brain extract using RT-PCR. The histological and electron microscopic examinations as well as the cholinergic function, the neurotransmitters and the oxidative status were also assessed. The MSG significantly up regulated the expression levels of iNOS, TNF-α, Cox-2 and p53. The activity of acetyl cholinesterase (AChE), the monoamine neurotransmitters and the oxidative status as well as the histological and electron microscopic examinations confirmed the MSG-induce...
This research was carried out to investigate the role of L.carnitine and Solanum nigrum seeds as ... more This research was carried out to investigate the role of L.carnitine and Solanum nigrum seeds as food supplement and antioxidant against thiamethoxam induced hepatotoxicity in male rats. The present results showed insignificant decrease in the activity of ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, LDH enzymes and significant decrease in the concentration of total bilirubin in LC and SNS-treated group compared to control. Also, the present results showed significant increase in the values of ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, LDH and bilirubin after administration of TMX compared to the control group. While, the combination groups treated with LC + TMX or SNS + TMX revealed significant decrease in the values of ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, LDH and bilirubin as compared to TMX-treated group. Administration of LC or SNS alone showed insignificant increase in serum total protein, albumin, globulin and albumin /globulin ratio compared to control group. On the other hand, TMX-treatment caused significant decrease in the levels of tota...
Effects of Centella asiatica upon oxidative stress and dysfunctions of liver, heart, kidney and t... more Effects of Centella asiatica upon oxidative stress and dysfunctions of liver, heart, kidney and testis in STZ-diabetic rats were investigated. Animals were divided into four groups Group 1, Control; Group 2, streptozotocin (STZ); Group 3, C. asiatica treated plus streptozotocin and Group 4, C. asiatica. Toxicological parameters including AST, ALT, ALP, LDH and CK-MB were significantly improved after treatment with C. asiatica (250 mg/kg BW, orally) in diabetic rats. Co-administration of C. asiatica ameliorated higher levels of plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides, total lipids and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and increased the level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). While, urea, creatinine and uric acid levels were decreased. A significant reduction of plasma Na, K, Mg and Ca that improved by C. asiatica in diabetic rats compared to non diabetics. C. asiatica treatment restored testosterone, FSH, LH, PRL and sperm count near to normal values in diabe...
Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is one of the most common food additives extensively used as a flavor ... more Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is one of the most common food additives extensively used as a flavor enhancer. MSG induced lipid peroxidation and inflammation. The present study aimed to assess the neurotoxicity, testicular impairment, inflammation and apoptosis induced by MSG. Thirty adult male Wistar rats, weighing about 180-200 g were assigned equally into five groups, each consists of six rats. Animals of Group I are controls and they received distilled water, whereas animals of Groups II, III, IV and V were given oral daily doses of MSG 0.8, 1, 2 and 3 g/kg body weight, respectively for consecutive 70 days. Administration of different doses of MSG revealed a significant elevation in the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), β amyloid 1-42, proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α), cholesterol and sperm abnormality while it showed reduction in the level of GSH and SOD, CAT and GST antioxidant enzymes activities, sperm count and sperm motility. MSG led to disruption in n...
Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology Research, 2020
Background: Diabetes-induced abnormal wound healing stimulates the generation of inflammatory med... more Background: Diabetes-induced abnormal wound healing stimulates the generation of inflammatory mediators, including reactive oxygen species. Objective: Our study aimed to examine the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of quercetin extracted from Trifolium alexandrinum (TA) on enhancing wound healing in diabetic rats. Methods: Seventy-five male Wistar albino rats were divided into 5 groups as follows: Gp1 (control wounded nondiabetic group), Gp2 (untreated wounded diabetic group), Gp3 (diabetic wounds treated with quercetinloaded nanoparticles (Q-LNs) group), Gp4 (wounded diabetic rats treated with quercetin (Q) group) and Gp5 (wounded diabetic rats treated with TA extract group).
Thalidomide is used experimentally to treat various cancers, also carboplatin is a chemotherapy d... more Thalidomide is used experimentally to treat various cancers, also carboplatin is a chemotherapy drug used against some forms of cancer. Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract (GSPE) has an enormously beneficial role in overcoming the adverse effects of chemotherapeutic agents due to its excellent antioxidant properties. Animals were divided into four groups as follows: The first group was used as control, the second group were treated orally for 28 consecutive days with GSPE (200 mg/ kg BW), the third group were treated intraperitoneally (i.p) with thalidomide (60 mg/kg BW) for 14 consecutive days then followed by carboplatin (196 mg/kg BW) for another 14 days and the animals of the fourth group were treated with the combination of GSPE (200 mg/kg BW) and thalidomide (60 mg/kg BW) for 14-day and then followed by GSPE (200 mg/kg BW) and carboplatin (196 mg/kg BW) for other 14-day. Inflammatory cytokines, P53, oxidative stress markers, biochemical parameters, and histological analysis measured. Carboplatin and thalidomide caused oxidative stress via the elevation in free radicals and nitric oxide and the reduction in the antioxidant enzymes and glutathione in liver and heart. Tumor suppressor gene P53, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6 were significantly increased in liver and heart. Thalidomide and carboplatin caused biochemical and histological changes in the liver and heart. Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract reduced carboplatin and thalidomide-induced liver and heart injury throughout its potent antioxidant activity. In conclusion, carboplatin and thalidomide caused hepatotoxicity and cardiotoxicity and grape seed proanthocyanidin extract showed hepatic and cardiac protective effects due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials.
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an environmental pollutant that is widely produced throughout the world. It ... more Bisphenol A (BPA) is an environmental pollutant that is widely produced throughout the world. It is primarily used in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastics, epoxy resins, paints and dental materials. BPA has been reported to promote hepatotoxicity and cardiotoxicity. The antioxidant activity of sesame lignans is well established. The current study assessed the protective efficiency of sesame lignans against BPA-induced hepatotoxicity and cardiotoxicity. Rats were divided into 4 groups: A control group, a BPA-treated group, a sesame lignans-treated group and a sesame lignans and BPA-treated group. Rats were orally administered their respective doses daily [30 mg/kg body weight (BW) BPA and/or 20 mg/kg BW sesame lignans] for 6 weeks. Liver function tests were performed using serum of all groups. Lipid profile and antioxidant status were also measured in liver tissue of the studied groups. The results were confirmed by histopathological examination of liver and heart tissues. The oral administration of BPA was revealed to elicit significant decreases in the activities of hepatic glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione. It also significantly increased levels of malondialdehyde. Furthermore, BPA-treatment resulted in lipid accumulation, elevated activities of alanine aminotransferase, creatine kinase MB and lactate dehydrogenase, and histological changes of liver and heart tissues. However, the co-administration of sesame lignans and BPA attenuated hepatotoxicity, cardiotoxicity and BPA-induced histological changes. The results of the current study indicated that sesame lignans may be helpful in the development of novel natural drugs to treat hepatic and cardiovascular disorders.
The present work was designed to study the antidiabetic and immunomodulatory effects of olive lea... more The present work was designed to study the antidiabetic and immunomodulatory effects of olive leaf polyphenol (Oleuropein) and vitamin C in diabetic male rats. Diabetes was induced by a single i.p. dose of STZ (40 mg/kg b.w.). Pure oleuropein compound (5 mg/kg b.w.) and vit. C (150 mg/kg b.w.) were orally administered once per a day for 15 days after diabetes induction. Oleuropein and vitamin C showed a significant role in attenuating the blood glucose, insulin, pancreatic amylase, and hexokinase alterations and caused an elevation of antioxidant enzymes in diabetic rats. Oleuropein and vitamin C showed a hematopoetic action as documented by the increase in RBC, Hb, Hct, PLt, decrease in WBC and improved RBC structure. Oleuropein and vitamin C significantly attenuated the oxidative status of diabetic rats. Oleuropein and vitamin C improved the different changes in some cytokines and interlukines and decreases the gene expression of TNF-, COX2, and caspase3 involved in apoptosis and ...
The combination of thalidomide and carboplatin is one of the most potent chemotherapeutic strateg... more The combination of thalidomide and carboplatin is one of the most potent chemotherapeutic strategies for the treatment of cancer. However, limited studies have been conducted on the neurotoxicity and nephrotoxicity of both chemotherapeutic agents. The aim of our study was to assess the toxicity of thalidomide and carboplatin combination on brain and kidney and investigate the protective effect of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE). Thalidomide and carboplatin induced up-regulation of the expression of p53, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 in brain and kidney. Acetylcholinesterase, dopamine and serotonin were decreased and norepinephrine was increased. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, nitric oxide, lipid profile, bilirubin and creatinine were elevated, while antioxidants enzymes (GST, GPX, CAT and SOD), total antioxidant capacity and the levels of glutathione were decreased. A microscopic examination showed shrinkage of capillaries, degeneration with pyknotic nuclei, loss of normal structure and neuronal degeneration. GSPE co-treatment with thalidomide and carboplatin reduced their brain and renal damage, oxidative stress, diminished cytokines, p53, neurotransmitters and biochemical parameters, and inhibited brain and renal cell apoptosis. It can be concluded that, the protective effects of GSPE against thalidomide and carboplatin induced-brain and renal damage was associated with the minimization of oxidative stress.
Triton WR-1339 administration causes neurotoxicity. Natural products and herbal extracts can atte... more Triton WR-1339 administration causes neurotoxicity. Natural products and herbal extracts can attenuate cerebral injury. In the present study, we investigated the neuroprotective role of grape seed extract and/or vitamin B6 against triton-induced neurotoxicity. Thirty-five adult male albino rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain, weighing 140–145 g, were divided into five groups: control, triton, grape seed extract + triton, grape seed extract + triton + vitamin B6, and vitamin B6 + triton. The hematological and biochemical analyses were carried out. Alteration in iNOS mRNA gene expression was determined using reverse-transcriptase PCR analysis. In addition, qualitative DNA fragmentation was examined using agarose gel electrophoresis. Triton-treatment caused significant disturbances in the hematological parameters, the neurological functions, and the antioxidant profile. Also, triton significantly increased the iNOS mRNA expression and DNA damage. Our results showed that grape seed extrac...
Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2017
Bisphenol A is one of the anthropogenic chemicals produced worldwide, currently released into the... more Bisphenol A is one of the anthropogenic chemicals produced worldwide, currently released into the environment and causes endocrine-disruption. The largest environmental compartments of BPA are abiotic associated with water and suspended solids that becomes an integrated part of the food chain. The present study aimed to examine the possible protective role of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE), melatonin and their combination against BPA-induced liver and kidney toxicity of male rats. Fifty rats were divided into five equal groups: control, BPA, BPA plus GBE, BPA plus melatonin and BPA plus GBE plus melatonin. The elevated activities of plasma ALT and AST in addition to increased levels of urea and creatinine concomitant with the decreased total plasma protein could reflect the injurious effect of BPA. Liver and kidney levels of TBARS were significantly increased, while GSH, SOD and GPX were decreased in BPA-treated rats. Also, CAT and GST activities were significantly disrupted in the liver and kidney of rats treated with BPA. Moreover, BPA significantly increased the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-a in the liver and kidney tissues. The histopathological analysis confirmed these results. All the previous alterations in the liver and kidney could be ameliorated when BPA-treated rats were co-administrated either with GBE, melatonin or their combination. These natural substances could exhibit protective effects against BPAinduced hepato-and nephrotoxicity owing to their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory potentials.
Prophylactic neuroprotective efficiency of co-administration of Ginkgo biloba and Trifolium pretense against sodium arsenite-induced neurotoxicity and dementia in different regions of brain and spinal cord of rats
Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2016
The present study was carried out to evaluate the potential protective role of co-administration ... more The present study was carried out to evaluate the potential protective role of co-administration of Ginkgo biloba, Trifolium pretenseagainst sodium arsenite-induced neurotoxicity in different parts of brain (Cerebral cortex, Hippocampus, striatum and Hind brain) and in the spinal cord of rats. Sodium arsenite caused impairment in the acquisition and learning in all the behavioral tasks and caused significant increase in tumor necrosis factor-α,thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances andlipid profile, while caused significant decrease in glutathione, total thiol content, total antioxidant capacity, acetylcholinesterase, monoamine oxidase and ATPases activities. These results were confirmed by histopathological, fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy examination of different regions of brain. From these results sodium arsenite-induced neurodegenerative disorder in different regions of brain and spinal cord and this could be mediated through modifying the intracellular brain ions homeostasis, cholinergic dysfunction and oxidative damage. The presence of Ginkgo biloba and/orTrifolium pretense with sodium arsenite minimized its neurological damages. It was pronounced that using Ginkgo biloba and Trifolium pretense in combination was more effective as protective agents compared to use eachone of them alone.
Alhagi maurorum(camel thorn plant) is a promising medicinal plant due to the presence of flavonoi... more Alhagi maurorum(camel thorn plant) is a promising medicinal plant due to the presence of flavonoids and phenolic compounds as major contents of its constituents. No previous study has been conducted before onA. maurorum extractsas an antioxidative stress and/or antidiabetic herb in STZ-induced DM in rats. Therefore, four groups of rats were allocated as control (C), STZ-induced DM (D), and STZ-induced DM supplemented with 300 mg/kg BW of either aqueous extract (WE) or ethanolic extract (EE) ofA. maurorum. The plasma levels of glucose, TG, TC, LDL-C and VLDL-C, MDA, and bilirubin and the activities of transaminases and GR were significantly increased in the diabetic group. Also, diabetic rats showed severe glucose intolerance and histopathological changes in their livers. In addition, levels of insulin, total proteins, GSH, and HDL-C and the activities of SOD, GPx, and GST were significantly decreased in the diabetic rats compared to those of the control group. The ingestion ofA. mau...
The present study was conducted to investigate the protective role of Omega-3 polyunsaturated fat... more The present study was conducted to investigate the protective role of Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids against lead acetate-induced toxicity in liver and kidney of female rats. Animals were divided into four equal groups; group 1 served as control while groups 2 and 3 were treated orally with Omega-3 fatty acids at doses of 125 and 260 mg/kg body weight, respectively, for 10 days. These groups were also injected with lead acetate (25 mg/kg body weight) during the last 5 days. Group 4 was treated only with lead acetate for 5 days and served as positive control group. Lead acetate increased oxidative stress through an elevation in MDA associated with depletion in antioxidant enzymes activities in the tissues. Moreover, the elevation of serum enzymes activities (ALT, AST, ALP, and LDH) and the levels of urea and creatinine were estimated but total proteins were decreased. Also, lead acetate-treatment induced hyperlipidemia via increasing of lipid profiles associated with decline in ...
This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of flaxseed oil against hepato-renal toxici... more This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of flaxseed oil against hepato-renal toxicity induced by methotrexate. Rats treated with methotrexate exhibited elevations in the levels of AST, ALT, ALP, γGT, LDH, urea, creatinine, uric acid, and bilirubin. Furthermore, the levels of MDA, NO and the relative ratio of the gene expression of COX-2 and iNOS were significantly increased, accompanied by a decrease in the total protein, SOD, GPx, total thiol as well as the GSH content. Alterations in the lipid profile and hepato-renal histology were observed in rats treated with methotrexate. In addition, up-regulations of α-SMA and loss of DNA bands integration were observed in methotrexate treated rats. However, the oral treatment of flaxseed oil exhibited a protective effect against methotrexate toxicity in rats that could be attributed to its potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities.
Deleterious effects of cypermethrin on rat liver and kidney: Protective role of sesame oil
Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B, 2012
The involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been implicated in the toxicity of various p... more The involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been implicated in the toxicity of various pesticides. Our study was designed to investigate the induction of oxidative stress by cypermethrin; a Type II pyrethroid in rat liver and kidney. In addition, the protective role of sesame oil against the toxicity of cypermethrin was investigated. Animals were divided into four equal groups; the first group used as control while groups 2, 3 and 4 were treated with sesame oil (5 mL/kg b.w), cypermethrin (12 mg/kg b.w) and the combination of both sesame oil (5 mL/kg b.w) plus cypermethrin (12 mg/kg b.w), respectively. Rats were daily administered with their respective doses for 30 days by gavage. Repeated oral administration of cypermethrin was found to reduce the level of glutathione (GSH) and the activities of the antioxidant enzymes. While, the level of TBARS was elevated indicating the presence of oxidative stress. The activities of LDH, AST and ALT were decreased in the liver extract while increased in the plasma of the cypermethrin-treated group. Also, the levels of urea and creatinine were significantly increased after treatment with cypermethrin. Liver and kidney injury was confirmed by the histological changes. In conclusion, the administration of sesame oil provided significant protection against cypermethrin-induced oxidative stress, biochemical changes, histopathological damage and genomic DNA fragmentation.
Background Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disruptor to which humans are often subjected during... more Background Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disruptor to which humans are often subjected during daily life. This study aimed to investigate the ameliorative effect of astragaloside IV (ASIV) or saponins extracted from Astragalus spinosus (A. spinosus) against DNA damage and neurotoxic effects induced by BPA in prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampal and striatal brain regions of developing male rats. Materials and Methods Juvenile PND20 (pre-weaning; age of 20 days) male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly and equally divided into four groups: control, BPA, BPA+ASIV and BPA+A. spinosus saponins groups. Bisphenol A (125 mg/kg/day) was administrated orally to male rats from day 20 (BPA group) and along with ASIV (80 mg/kg/day) (BPA+ASIV group) or A. spinosus saponin (100 mg/kg/day) (BPA+ A. spinosus saponins group) from day 50 to adult age day 117. Results Increased level of nitric oxide (NO) and decreased level of glutamate (Glu), glutamine (Gln), glutaminase (GA) and glutamine syntheta...
The present study investigated the potential role of Arctium lappa L. extract against the hepato-... more The present study investigated the potential role of Arctium lappa L. extract against the hepato-cardio toxicity and hyperlipidemia induced by ZnO-NPs in male rats. The groups of this study were Control, ZnO-NPs (50 mg/kg b.w.), ZnO-NPs+Arctium lappa L. (300 mg/kg b.w.) and Arctium lappa L. group. The oral administration of ZnO-NPs caused significant decrease in RBC, Hb, Hct and platelets while, WBC was increased. Liver enzymes and total bilirubin were significantly increased after ZnO-NPs supplementation. On the other hand, protein, albumin and globulin were significantly decreased in ZnO-NPs group. Lipid profile determination revealed hyperlipidemia state in the ZnO-NPs group. The ZnO-NPs group exhibited an oxidative stress as documented by an increase in TBARS and a decrease in GSH and total thiol. CK-MB, PON1, Fe+3 were significantly decreased while; LDH, TNF-α, p53, IL-6, Zn+2 and Ca+2 were increased in ZnO-NPs treated group. In addition, ZnO-NPs caused histopathological change...
Exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) contributes to neurological disorders, but the underlying mechanism... more Exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) contributes to neurological disorders, but the underlying mechanisms are still not completely understood. We studied the neurotoxic effect of BPA and how it promotes inflammation and alteration in the neurotransmission synthesis, release and transmission. This study was also designed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSPE) against BPA-induced neurotoxicity in rats. Rats were equally divided into 4 group with 7 rats in each as follows: control group, BPA group, GSPE + BPA group and GSPE group. Rats were orally treated with their respective doses (50 mg BPA/kg BW and/or 200 mg GSPE/kg BW) daily for 70 days. BPA elicits significant elevation in malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) associated with significant reduction in glutathione (GSH), total thiols, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST). BPA exposure result in increased dopamine and serotonin levels, ...
Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a flavor enhancer. Oxidative neurotoxicity of MSG is well establish... more Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a flavor enhancer. Oxidative neurotoxicity of MSG is well established. This study explored the therapeutic effect of red clover’s (RC) extract against MSG–induced neurodegeneration. HPLC-analysis revealed that formononetin, genistein, daidzein and biochanin A are the major isoflavones in RC’s extract. Four equal groups of male rats were used: control group, MSG-treated group, MSG plus RC-treated group and RC-treated group. The gene expression of iNOS, TNF-α, Cox-2 and p53 were evaluated in the brain extract using RT-PCR. The histological and electron microscopic examinations as well as the cholinergic function, the neurotransmitters and the oxidative status were also assessed. The MSG significantly up regulated the expression levels of iNOS, TNF-α, Cox-2 and p53. The activity of acetyl cholinesterase (AChE), the monoamine neurotransmitters and the oxidative status as well as the histological and electron microscopic examinations confirmed the MSG-induce...
This research was carried out to investigate the role of L.carnitine and Solanum nigrum seeds as ... more This research was carried out to investigate the role of L.carnitine and Solanum nigrum seeds as food supplement and antioxidant against thiamethoxam induced hepatotoxicity in male rats. The present results showed insignificant decrease in the activity of ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, LDH enzymes and significant decrease in the concentration of total bilirubin in LC and SNS-treated group compared to control. Also, the present results showed significant increase in the values of ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, LDH and bilirubin after administration of TMX compared to the control group. While, the combination groups treated with LC + TMX or SNS + TMX revealed significant decrease in the values of ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, LDH and bilirubin as compared to TMX-treated group. Administration of LC or SNS alone showed insignificant increase in serum total protein, albumin, globulin and albumin /globulin ratio compared to control group. On the other hand, TMX-treatment caused significant decrease in the levels of tota...
Effects of Centella asiatica upon oxidative stress and dysfunctions of liver, heart, kidney and t... more Effects of Centella asiatica upon oxidative stress and dysfunctions of liver, heart, kidney and testis in STZ-diabetic rats were investigated. Animals were divided into four groups Group 1, Control; Group 2, streptozotocin (STZ); Group 3, C. asiatica treated plus streptozotocin and Group 4, C. asiatica. Toxicological parameters including AST, ALT, ALP, LDH and CK-MB were significantly improved after treatment with C. asiatica (250 mg/kg BW, orally) in diabetic rats. Co-administration of C. asiatica ameliorated higher levels of plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides, total lipids and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and increased the level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). While, urea, creatinine and uric acid levels were decreased. A significant reduction of plasma Na, K, Mg and Ca that improved by C. asiatica in diabetic rats compared to non diabetics. C. asiatica treatment restored testosterone, FSH, LH, PRL and sperm count near to normal values in diabe...
Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is one of the most common food additives extensively used as a flavor ... more Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is one of the most common food additives extensively used as a flavor enhancer. MSG induced lipid peroxidation and inflammation. The present study aimed to assess the neurotoxicity, testicular impairment, inflammation and apoptosis induced by MSG. Thirty adult male Wistar rats, weighing about 180-200 g were assigned equally into five groups, each consists of six rats. Animals of Group I are controls and they received distilled water, whereas animals of Groups II, III, IV and V were given oral daily doses of MSG 0.8, 1, 2 and 3 g/kg body weight, respectively for consecutive 70 days. Administration of different doses of MSG revealed a significant elevation in the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), β amyloid 1-42, proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α), cholesterol and sperm abnormality while it showed reduction in the level of GSH and SOD, CAT and GST antioxidant enzymes activities, sperm count and sperm motility. MSG led to disruption in n...
Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology Research, 2020
Background: Diabetes-induced abnormal wound healing stimulates the generation of inflammatory med... more Background: Diabetes-induced abnormal wound healing stimulates the generation of inflammatory mediators, including reactive oxygen species. Objective: Our study aimed to examine the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of quercetin extracted from Trifolium alexandrinum (TA) on enhancing wound healing in diabetic rats. Methods: Seventy-five male Wistar albino rats were divided into 5 groups as follows: Gp1 (control wounded nondiabetic group), Gp2 (untreated wounded diabetic group), Gp3 (diabetic wounds treated with quercetinloaded nanoparticles (Q-LNs) group), Gp4 (wounded diabetic rats treated with quercetin (Q) group) and Gp5 (wounded diabetic rats treated with TA extract group).
Thalidomide is used experimentally to treat various cancers, also carboplatin is a chemotherapy d... more Thalidomide is used experimentally to treat various cancers, also carboplatin is a chemotherapy drug used against some forms of cancer. Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract (GSPE) has an enormously beneficial role in overcoming the adverse effects of chemotherapeutic agents due to its excellent antioxidant properties. Animals were divided into four groups as follows: The first group was used as control, the second group were treated orally for 28 consecutive days with GSPE (200 mg/ kg BW), the third group were treated intraperitoneally (i.p) with thalidomide (60 mg/kg BW) for 14 consecutive days then followed by carboplatin (196 mg/kg BW) for another 14 days and the animals of the fourth group were treated with the combination of GSPE (200 mg/kg BW) and thalidomide (60 mg/kg BW) for 14-day and then followed by GSPE (200 mg/kg BW) and carboplatin (196 mg/kg BW) for other 14-day. Inflammatory cytokines, P53, oxidative stress markers, biochemical parameters, and histological analysis measured. Carboplatin and thalidomide caused oxidative stress via the elevation in free radicals and nitric oxide and the reduction in the antioxidant enzymes and glutathione in liver and heart. Tumor suppressor gene P53, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6 were significantly increased in liver and heart. Thalidomide and carboplatin caused biochemical and histological changes in the liver and heart. Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract reduced carboplatin and thalidomide-induced liver and heart injury throughout its potent antioxidant activity. In conclusion, carboplatin and thalidomide caused hepatotoxicity and cardiotoxicity and grape seed proanthocyanidin extract showed hepatic and cardiac protective effects due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials.
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an environmental pollutant that is widely produced throughout the world. It ... more Bisphenol A (BPA) is an environmental pollutant that is widely produced throughout the world. It is primarily used in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastics, epoxy resins, paints and dental materials. BPA has been reported to promote hepatotoxicity and cardiotoxicity. The antioxidant activity of sesame lignans is well established. The current study assessed the protective efficiency of sesame lignans against BPA-induced hepatotoxicity and cardiotoxicity. Rats were divided into 4 groups: A control group, a BPA-treated group, a sesame lignans-treated group and a sesame lignans and BPA-treated group. Rats were orally administered their respective doses daily [30 mg/kg body weight (BW) BPA and/or 20 mg/kg BW sesame lignans] for 6 weeks. Liver function tests were performed using serum of all groups. Lipid profile and antioxidant status were also measured in liver tissue of the studied groups. The results were confirmed by histopathological examination of liver and heart tissues. The oral administration of BPA was revealed to elicit significant decreases in the activities of hepatic glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione. It also significantly increased levels of malondialdehyde. Furthermore, BPA-treatment resulted in lipid accumulation, elevated activities of alanine aminotransferase, creatine kinase MB and lactate dehydrogenase, and histological changes of liver and heart tissues. However, the co-administration of sesame lignans and BPA attenuated hepatotoxicity, cardiotoxicity and BPA-induced histological changes. The results of the current study indicated that sesame lignans may be helpful in the development of novel natural drugs to treat hepatic and cardiovascular disorders.
The present work was designed to study the antidiabetic and immunomodulatory effects of olive lea... more The present work was designed to study the antidiabetic and immunomodulatory effects of olive leaf polyphenol (Oleuropein) and vitamin C in diabetic male rats. Diabetes was induced by a single i.p. dose of STZ (40 mg/kg b.w.). Pure oleuropein compound (5 mg/kg b.w.) and vit. C (150 mg/kg b.w.) were orally administered once per a day for 15 days after diabetes induction. Oleuropein and vitamin C showed a significant role in attenuating the blood glucose, insulin, pancreatic amylase, and hexokinase alterations and caused an elevation of antioxidant enzymes in diabetic rats. Oleuropein and vitamin C showed a hematopoetic action as documented by the increase in RBC, Hb, Hct, PLt, decrease in WBC and improved RBC structure. Oleuropein and vitamin C significantly attenuated the oxidative status of diabetic rats. Oleuropein and vitamin C improved the different changes in some cytokines and interlukines and decreases the gene expression of TNF-, COX2, and caspase3 involved in apoptosis and ...
The combination of thalidomide and carboplatin is one of the most potent chemotherapeutic strateg... more The combination of thalidomide and carboplatin is one of the most potent chemotherapeutic strategies for the treatment of cancer. However, limited studies have been conducted on the neurotoxicity and nephrotoxicity of both chemotherapeutic agents. The aim of our study was to assess the toxicity of thalidomide and carboplatin combination on brain and kidney and investigate the protective effect of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE). Thalidomide and carboplatin induced up-regulation of the expression of p53, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 in brain and kidney. Acetylcholinesterase, dopamine and serotonin were decreased and norepinephrine was increased. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, nitric oxide, lipid profile, bilirubin and creatinine were elevated, while antioxidants enzymes (GST, GPX, CAT and SOD), total antioxidant capacity and the levels of glutathione were decreased. A microscopic examination showed shrinkage of capillaries, degeneration with pyknotic nuclei, loss of normal structure and neuronal degeneration. GSPE co-treatment with thalidomide and carboplatin reduced their brain and renal damage, oxidative stress, diminished cytokines, p53, neurotransmitters and biochemical parameters, and inhibited brain and renal cell apoptosis. It can be concluded that, the protective effects of GSPE against thalidomide and carboplatin induced-brain and renal damage was associated with the minimization of oxidative stress.
Triton WR-1339 administration causes neurotoxicity. Natural products and herbal extracts can atte... more Triton WR-1339 administration causes neurotoxicity. Natural products and herbal extracts can attenuate cerebral injury. In the present study, we investigated the neuroprotective role of grape seed extract and/or vitamin B6 against triton-induced neurotoxicity. Thirty-five adult male albino rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain, weighing 140–145 g, were divided into five groups: control, triton, grape seed extract + triton, grape seed extract + triton + vitamin B6, and vitamin B6 + triton. The hematological and biochemical analyses were carried out. Alteration in iNOS mRNA gene expression was determined using reverse-transcriptase PCR analysis. In addition, qualitative DNA fragmentation was examined using agarose gel electrophoresis. Triton-treatment caused significant disturbances in the hematological parameters, the neurological functions, and the antioxidant profile. Also, triton significantly increased the iNOS mRNA expression and DNA damage. Our results showed that grape seed extrac...
Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2017
Bisphenol A is one of the anthropogenic chemicals produced worldwide, currently released into the... more Bisphenol A is one of the anthropogenic chemicals produced worldwide, currently released into the environment and causes endocrine-disruption. The largest environmental compartments of BPA are abiotic associated with water and suspended solids that becomes an integrated part of the food chain. The present study aimed to examine the possible protective role of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE), melatonin and their combination against BPA-induced liver and kidney toxicity of male rats. Fifty rats were divided into five equal groups: control, BPA, BPA plus GBE, BPA plus melatonin and BPA plus GBE plus melatonin. The elevated activities of plasma ALT and AST in addition to increased levels of urea and creatinine concomitant with the decreased total plasma protein could reflect the injurious effect of BPA. Liver and kidney levels of TBARS were significantly increased, while GSH, SOD and GPX were decreased in BPA-treated rats. Also, CAT and GST activities were significantly disrupted in the liver and kidney of rats treated with BPA. Moreover, BPA significantly increased the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-a in the liver and kidney tissues. The histopathological analysis confirmed these results. All the previous alterations in the liver and kidney could be ameliorated when BPA-treated rats were co-administrated either with GBE, melatonin or their combination. These natural substances could exhibit protective effects against BPAinduced hepato-and nephrotoxicity owing to their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory potentials.
Prophylactic neuroprotective efficiency of co-administration of Ginkgo biloba and Trifolium pretense against sodium arsenite-induced neurotoxicity and dementia in different regions of brain and spinal cord of rats
Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2016
The present study was carried out to evaluate the potential protective role of co-administration ... more The present study was carried out to evaluate the potential protective role of co-administration of Ginkgo biloba, Trifolium pretenseagainst sodium arsenite-induced neurotoxicity in different parts of brain (Cerebral cortex, Hippocampus, striatum and Hind brain) and in the spinal cord of rats. Sodium arsenite caused impairment in the acquisition and learning in all the behavioral tasks and caused significant increase in tumor necrosis factor-α,thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances andlipid profile, while caused significant decrease in glutathione, total thiol content, total antioxidant capacity, acetylcholinesterase, monoamine oxidase and ATPases activities. These results were confirmed by histopathological, fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy examination of different regions of brain. From these results sodium arsenite-induced neurodegenerative disorder in different regions of brain and spinal cord and this could be mediated through modifying the intracellular brain ions homeostasis, cholinergic dysfunction and oxidative damage. The presence of Ginkgo biloba and/orTrifolium pretense with sodium arsenite minimized its neurological damages. It was pronounced that using Ginkgo biloba and Trifolium pretense in combination was more effective as protective agents compared to use eachone of them alone.
Alhagi maurorum(camel thorn plant) is a promising medicinal plant due to the presence of flavonoi... more Alhagi maurorum(camel thorn plant) is a promising medicinal plant due to the presence of flavonoids and phenolic compounds as major contents of its constituents. No previous study has been conducted before onA. maurorum extractsas an antioxidative stress and/or antidiabetic herb in STZ-induced DM in rats. Therefore, four groups of rats were allocated as control (C), STZ-induced DM (D), and STZ-induced DM supplemented with 300 mg/kg BW of either aqueous extract (WE) or ethanolic extract (EE) ofA. maurorum. The plasma levels of glucose, TG, TC, LDL-C and VLDL-C, MDA, and bilirubin and the activities of transaminases and GR were significantly increased in the diabetic group. Also, diabetic rats showed severe glucose intolerance and histopathological changes in their livers. In addition, levels of insulin, total proteins, GSH, and HDL-C and the activities of SOD, GPx, and GST were significantly decreased in the diabetic rats compared to those of the control group. The ingestion ofA. mau...
The present study was conducted to investigate the protective role of Omega-3 polyunsaturated fat... more The present study was conducted to investigate the protective role of Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids against lead acetate-induced toxicity in liver and kidney of female rats. Animals were divided into four equal groups; group 1 served as control while groups 2 and 3 were treated orally with Omega-3 fatty acids at doses of 125 and 260 mg/kg body weight, respectively, for 10 days. These groups were also injected with lead acetate (25 mg/kg body weight) during the last 5 days. Group 4 was treated only with lead acetate for 5 days and served as positive control group. Lead acetate increased oxidative stress through an elevation in MDA associated with depletion in antioxidant enzymes activities in the tissues. Moreover, the elevation of serum enzymes activities (ALT, AST, ALP, and LDH) and the levels of urea and creatinine were estimated but total proteins were decreased. Also, lead acetate-treatment induced hyperlipidemia via increasing of lipid profiles associated with decline in ...
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