Papers by Hendra Manurung
Social Science Research Network, Mar 2, 2018
International Relations and Diplomacy, 2021
This research aims to discuss the US environment policy implementation under President Joe Biden ... more This research aims to discuss the US environment policy implementation under President Joe Biden that likely applies Washington zero-emissions policies to Indonesia. It describes President Biden's environment policy implementation and how it might affect both countries' relations. Climate change causes many environmental problems in many countries. Extreme changing weather phenomena are increasingly intense lately and often occur. This paper elaborates on the bilateral cooperation approach through descriptive analysis and qualitative research by conducting literature studies analysing the result. President Biden has brought the US back into the Paris Climate Agreement on January 20, 2021. Noticeably, it will bring the world to gain new energy and optimism to the agendas of global climate change. It reintroduces the US to Paris Agreement as an international treaty agreed in 2015 to prevent earth's worsening temperature increase. President Donald Trump pulled out of the agreement in 2017, although the US is known as the world's biggest carbon emitter. This study reveals the US environment policies might impact Indonesian economic trade strategies and the national environmental policy implementation, where Jakarta is seriously pursuing sustainable environment development in particular.
In December 2020, the European Union and Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) aim to reaffirm an... more In December 2020, the European Union and Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) aim to reaffirm and give new impetus to the strategic partnership through an informal meeting of EU27 and the LAC Foreign Ministers in Berlin, Germany. This is an opportunity to reinforce the close cultural, social and economic bonds, as well as to coordinate our approach in a less predictable international system. 2020, has been particularly difficult for both EU and Latin American and Caribbean regions due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the economic recession it has brought about. However, during 2021, it is time to start thinking again about stepping up relations. The EU is helping people make Latin American and Caribbean ideas become reality. Faced with growing geopolitical rivalry between great powers, it offers cooperation and dialogue centered on improving the lives of citizens. This relationship is a clue to sustaining the multilateral system in matters such as WTO, the Paris Agreement, human rights, arms control and non-proliferation. While, in the international system, economic diplomacy pertains to the full spectrum of diplomacy relating to economic activities in the pursuit of a country’s policy objectives in general and economic goals in particular. Previously, the economic diplomacy follows a policy direction laid down by Indonesian President Joko Widodo, whereby 70 to 80 percent of all resources should be dedicated to more effective and efficient efforts on economic diplomacy, amid a world full of uncertainty and the upsurge of protectionisms posing challenges to many countries.
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Papers by Hendra Manurung