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Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Experimental Therapeutics (JABET) – is an open access, international, peer-reviewed, triannually, scientific journal publishing original research findings and reviews on all aspects of biotechnology and experimental therapeutics. It provides a platform for Scientists and Academicians all over the world to promote, share, and discuss various new issues and developments in different areas of biotechnology and experimental therapeutics with special focus in the area of advanced biotechnology and immunology

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Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II"

Talha Bin Emran, PhD

Brown University

A. Pandey Allahabad

faisal Bin kader

Md. Shalahuddin Millat

Noakhali Science and Technology University

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Papers by JABET Journal

Investigation of the pharmacological characteristics of Sphaeranthus indicus flowers using phytochemical analysis

Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Experimental Therapeutics, 2024

Abstract: Although the conventional usage of Sphaeranthus indicus flowers in medicine exists, the... more Abstract: Although the conventional usage of Sphaeranthus indicus flowers in medicine exists, there is a lack of research on the precise pharmacological characteristics and comprehensive phytochemical composition of its flowers, resulting in a knowledge gap on their whole therapeutic capabilities. The aim of this work is to identify and describe the phytochemicals found in the flowers of Sphaeranthus indicus and assess specific pharmacological effects, such as antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, thrombolytic, antidepressant, and antidiarrheal characteristics. The investigation revealed that the MESIF (methanol extract of S. indicus flowers) showed substantial antioxidant performance (IC50 = 26.33) accompanied by a moderate phenolic content (93.33 ± 1.76). At 250 and 500 µg/ml, the extract exhibited modest to moderate antibacterial sensitivity against many tested pathogens and significantly reduced inflammation by protein denaturation (41.63 ± 0.11 and 70.52 ± 0.20). Furthermore, MESIF exhibited remarkable thrombolytic activity with a statistically significant (***P<0.001) lysis of clots. The extract showed substantial reduction in immobility in both the Forced Swim Test (FST) and Tail Suspension Test (TST) at doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg (***p<0.001). It also a showed significant potent antidiarrheal activity (**p<0.01 at 200 mg/kg and ***p<0.001 at 400 mg/kg), effectively reducing diarrheal episodes in the test models. These findings suggest that the MESIF holds potential for developing treatments with antioxidant, antibacterial, antiinflammatory, thrombolytic, antidepressant, and antidiarrheal effects. Further research is recommended to isolate specific bioactive compounds and elucidate the mechanisms underlying these pharmacological actions.

Effect of Nigella sativa extract on the elevation of serum MDA levels in aluminum-induced oxidative stress in rats

by JABET Journal and Ira Humairah

Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Experimental Therapeutics, 2024

Abstract: Aluminum (Al) constitutes approximately 8% of the Earth's surface. Al is extensively us... more Abstract: Aluminum (Al) constitutes approximately 8% of the Earth's surface. Al is extensively used in various industrial applications, including medicines, food additives, cosmetics and farming practices. However, Al poses a risk to human health when it enters the body, potentially leading to various pathological conditions. Nigella sativa, known for its active compound thymoquinone (TQ), has demonstrated anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. TQ is recognized for its potential in the prevention and treatment of numerous diseases. This study aimed to explore the effect of N. sativa extract (NSE) in preventing the elevation of malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the blood serum of rats subjected to aluminum-induced oxidative stress. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided into four groups. Groups K1 and K2 were fed a standard diet, while groups K3 and K4 received NSE at doses 200 mg/kg/day and 400 mg/kg/day, respectively, administrated through oral gavage. After two weeks of NSE pretreatment, groups K2, K3, and K4 were exposed to AlCl3 (34 mg/kg, oral gavage) for an additional three weeks. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in body weight or hemoglobin levels among the groups. Interestingly, a significant reduction in MDA level (P < 0.05) was observed among groups. Notably, MDA levels were lower in the NSE-treated and control groups compared to the AlCl3-exposed group. In conclusion, NSE may have a positive effect against oxidative stress induced by Al exposure.

Antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of Solanum villosum leaf extracts against acetaminophen-induced mouse model of hepatotoxicity

Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Experimental Therapeutics, 2024

Abstract: Solanum villosum is an indigenous vegetable and ethno-medicine source in Africa. Scient... more Abstract: Solanum villosum is an indigenous vegetable and ethno-medicine source in Africa. Scientific validation of their medicinal potential is required. The current study aimed to assess the antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of S. villosum leaf methanol extracts (SVE) against acetaminophen-induced mouse model. The SVE antioxidant activities were evaluated by ferric reducing antioxidant capacity and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities in vitro. Hepatoprotective activities were assessed by automated hematological analysis, chemical analysis and specific biochemical assays of liver homogenates. Mice were orally administered with SVE at 30, 100, 300 and 500 mg/kg body weight. Hepatotoxicity was induced by acetaminophen 300 mg/kg bw intraperitoneally while silymarin 25 mg/kg bw orally was a positive control. The SVE exhibited a clear concentration-dependent antioxidant activity. Subsequently, SVE treatment significantly (P≤0.05) lowered granulocyte count, while there was a significant increase in lymphocyte count in acetaminophen-treated mice. Further, SVE significantly lowered the activities of alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase, but significantly increased γ-glutamyl-transferase activity in treated mice compared to the controls. However, SVE led to insignificant change in total proteins. Additionally, SVE treatment led to a significant rise in superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities but, an insignificant change in catalase activity. In conclusion, SVE confers liver protection by oxidative stress prevention, antioxidant enzyme activation, immuno-modulation and hepatic tissue preservation. The results also support indigenous use of S. villosum to protect patients against drug-induced liver damage and enhance immunity. Further, dietary supplements of S. villosum could be an adjunct therapy in acetaminopheninduced hepatotoxicity.

Effect of lipoic acid on the expression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-associated genes in the liver of rats fed a hypercaloric choline-deficient diet

by JABET Journal and Anastasia Balakina

Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Experimental Therapeutics, 2024

Abstract: fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common chronic liver pathologies. Molecu... more Abstract: fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common chronic liver pathologies. Molecular mechanisms of NAFLD pathogenesis are complex and still require further clarification. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the impact of lipoic acid (LA), widely used as an antioxidant, on the development of different links of NAFLD, including de novo lipogenesis, antioxidant and xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes by gene expression analysis. The experiment was carried out on three groups of male Wistar rats received control diet, hypercaloric choline-deficient diet (HCCD) or HCCD with LA (HCCD+LA). In the liver of rats the expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (Acaca), fatty acid synthase (Fasn), stearoyl-CoA desaturase (Scd) and transcriptional regulators sterol-regulatory element-binding protein SREBP (Srebf1), carbohydrate response element-binding protein ChREBP (Mlxipl), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha PPARα (Ppara), heme oxygenase-1 HO-1 (Hmox1) and nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 Nrf2 (Nrf2), cytochrome P450 1A1 CYP1A1 (CYP1A1) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor AhR (AhR), cytochrome P450 2E1 CYP2E1 (CYP2E1) genes were evaluated. Supplementation of HCCD with LA led to an even greater than in HCCD group decrease in Scd gene expression by 88% (p<0.05), as well as a marked suppression of Ppara and Mlxipl by 37% (p<0.05) and 27% (p<0.05), to an 80% (p<0.05) elevation of Hmox1 gene expression relative to the HCCD group, had no pronounced effect on CYP1A1 and AhR gene expression but resulted in a 38% (p<0.05) suppression of CYP2E1 expression compared with that slightly elevated by HCCD. In conclusion, the current study showed that LA reduces lipogenesis de novo, restores the expression of Hmox1 gene of the antioxidant enzyme HO-1, diminished by the HCCD diet, and decreases HCCD-induced level of the expression of CYP2E1 gene of CYP2E1 enzyme, a potential source of free radicals.

Effect of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Cucurbita maxima seed on fasting blood glucose in alloxan-induced rats

by JABET Journal and Peninah Muchirah

Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Experimental Therapeutics, 2024

Abstract: Diabetes is a chronic disorder marked by hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance and in... more Abstract: Diabetes is a chronic disorder marked by hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance and insufficient insulin action, or both. Synthetic antidiabetic drugs available on the market are associated with severe effects, necessitating the need for alternative antidiabetic drugs. This investigation aimed to determine the antidiabetic potential and phytochemical profiles of aqueous and ethanol seed extracts of Cucurbita maxima. The seeds of C. maxima were airdried, milled, and extracted using distilled water and ethanol. The antidiabetic effect of the extracts was performed using Wistar rats weighing 160-180 g. Thirty-five rats were assigned to 7 groups: non-diabetic (control), diabetic, glibenclamide-treated, and aqueous or ethanol extract-treated (200 and 400 mg/kg body weight). Alloxan monohydrate was used to induce experimental diabetes. The treatments were orally administered for 28 days. Blood glucose levels and histopathological analysis were performed. The phytochemical screening was conducted utilizing liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). In diabetic rats, the effects of the two extracts revealed a substantial reduction in levels of fasting blood glucose in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting an antidiabetic effect. The histopathological analysis revealed the restoration of pancreatic β-cells by the extracts. The LC-MS analysis identified phytocompounds in the extracts belonging to classes of flavonoids, phenolic acids, and fatty acids that are associated with antidiabetic effects. Interestingly, the ethanol extract had a better antidiabetic effect compared to the aqueous extract. In conclusion, the aqueous and ethanol extracts of C. maxima seed possess phytocompounds that can be used to develop novel antidiabetic agents with less severe effects.

Effect of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on liver function in Basra oil company workers

Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Experimental Therapeutics, 2024

Abstract: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are considered one of the most widespread catego... more Abstract: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are considered one of the most widespread categories of environmental pollutants. This study was conducted to discover the effect of PAH from the oil fields pollution in Basra on liver function. The relationship between PAH in air compared to blood serum and its effect on liver function parameters were studied. 120 blood samples were collected from male workers aged between 25-40 years from 3 different regions. Group 1 was from the Rumella field, while group 2 was from the West Qurna field, and group 3 was from an uncontaminated area far from the oil fields in the city center (control). Higher levels of PAH were found in group 1 and group 2 in the blood serum as compared to control in both air and serum. In control, significantly higher levels of PAH were found in air as compared to serum levels. As for PAH levels in the air, a higher level was detected in group 1 compared to group 2, while a lower level was detected in control. As for liver function tests, the levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and bilirubin were the higher level in group 1 and 2 compared to control. In contrast, the levels of albumin and total protein were lower in the group 1 and 2 compared to the control. In conclusion, it is suggested that environmental pollutants such as PAH may cause liver diseases by reducing the function of liver in human.

Impact of scutellarin on cyclophosphamide-induced testicular damage in Sprague Dawley male rats

by JABET Journal and Shaimaa Hussein

Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Experimental Therapeutics, 2024

Abstract: Cyclophosphamide is one of the most invasive chemotherapeutic drugs, which is commonly ... more Abstract: Cyclophosphamide is one of the most invasive chemotherapeutic drugs, which is commonly used despite its adverse effects and toxicities. Scutellarin is an herbal flavonoid with multiple pharmacological activities and clinical applications. The goal of the current study was to investigate whether scutellarin protected the gonads of male rats exposed to a single dose of cyclophosphamide. In the experiment, 21 male Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into three groups (n=7/group). Control group; received normal saline for 12 days by mouth; Induction group; received normal saline for 12 days by mouth and a single dose of cyclophosphamide (100 mg/kg) intraperitoneally on day 6; and Scutellarin group; received intragastric scutellarin (100mg/kg) for 12 days and a single dose of cyclophosphamide (100mg/kg) intraperitoneally on day 6. At the end of treatment, the samples were collected, the gonadosomatic index (GSI) was calculated, sperm parameters, serum testosterone, testicular malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels were measured, and histopathological alternation was evaluated. The results showed that GSI, sperm parameters, testosterone, and GPx levels were notably declined, while the level of MDA was significantly higher in the induction group compared to the control group. Interestingly, these measures markedly improved in scutellarin treated group. Additionally, histopathological analysis revealed a substantial change in the testicular tissue structure and a decrease in Jonson's score in the induction group, although scutellarin co-treatment considerably attenuated and even reversed these changes. In conclusion, the outcomes demonstrated that scutellarin may act as a protective agent that alleviates rats' testicular toxicity caused by cyclophosphamide therapy. Further, the proposed process may be attributed to its potent antioxidant properties.

Effect of geographical and agroclimatic location on phytocompounds and antioxidant activity of Moringa oleifera leaves

Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Experimental Therapeutics, 2024

Abstract: Moringa oleifera L. is renowned for its rich phytochemical content and significant biol... more Abstract: Moringa oleifera L. is renowned for its rich phytochemical content and significant biological activity. The influence of geographic location and agroclimatic conditions on phytochemical content and bioactivity of plants remains unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the impact of geographical and agroclimatic location on the phytochemical content, antioxidant activity, and antibacterial potential of M. oleifera leaves. Phytochemical content was measured qualitatively and quantitatively, as well as bioactivity analysis was carried out by testing antioxidant and antibacterial activity. Interestingly, three dominant compounds were identified in both samples using the molecular docking tool. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of a broad spectrum of secondary metabolites in both samples, which were collected from two different locations. The identified metabolites were alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids, saponins, tannins, phenols, coumarins, flavonoids, quinones, and glycosides. The accumulation of phenols, flavonoid, and antioxidants in sample M1 was higher compared to sample M2. The results further suggest the confirmation of OH, C=O, CO, aliphatic, and aromatic carbons functional groups in samples. The most dominant compound 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid (Z, Z, Z) found in sample M2. Molecular docking analysis suggests that the detected compounds have promising antioxidant and antibacterial activity, but their potential may vary due to divergence of geographical location and agroclimatic conditions. In addition, geographical location and agroclimatic conditions influenced the potential of other phytochemical and bioactivity in M. oleifera leaves. In conclusion, the overall findings can be effective for screening environmental factors-based regulation of potential compounds in M. oleifera and their pharmacological interest.

Effects of Clove and Tulsi supplementation on the dynamics and cellularity of adipose tissue in the visceral and subcutaneous fat depots in Broiler

Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Experimental Therapeutics, 2024

The substantial genetic enhancement of broiler chickens, coupled with the use of growthpromoting ... more The substantial genetic enhancement of broiler chickens, coupled with the use of growthpromoting additives in feed, has led to accelerated growth rates, and elevated fat deposition in broiler. Clove and Tulsi, well-known medicinal plants, have been shown to improve both the growth performance and intestinal health of broilers. This study aimed to investigate the impact of Clove and Tulsi supplementation on the composition and cellular makeup in visceral and subcutaneous fat depots of broiler chickens. Sixty Cobb-500 broiler chicks were randomly divided into four groups to receive different supplemental treatments via drinking water. The groups included S0 (control), receiving no additional supplements; S1, receiving 0.5% Clove and 2% Tulsi; S2, receiving 1% Clove and 3% Tulsi; and S3, receiving 1.5% Clove and 4% Tulsi from day 8 to 28. On days 14 and 28, five broilers from each group were euthanized, and their visceral and subcutaneous fat depots were collected, weighed, and subjected to histological analysis to assess adipocyte histomorphology and histomorphometry. The S1 and S2 groups exhibited higher relative percentages of visceral fat depot, larger adipocyte size, and a greater percentage of larger adipocytes compared to the control, while adipocyte density was lower. Conversely, the S3 group showed minimal deviation from the control. Notably, no significant histomorphological differences were observed among the experimental groups. These findings suggest that Clove and Tulsi supplementation may modulate adipose tissue dynamics and cellularity depending on the concentration of supplementation.

Tracing mitochondrial dysfunction pathways in type 2 diabetes: The promise of mitochondria-targeted therapeutics

Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Experimental Therapeutics, 2024

Abstract: The alarmingly high global prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) has made novel... more Abstract: The alarmingly high global prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) has made novel treatment strategies imperative. One major contributing factor to the onset of T2DM is mitochondrial dysfunction, which deteriorates cellular health, interferes with energy metabolism, and reduces insulin sensitivity. Targeting mitochondrial pathways can enhance outcomes in T2DM. Promising therapeutic benefits can be derived from strategies that target and improve mitochondrial function, biogenesis, efficient turnover, and oxidative stress reduction. Through increased mitochondrial efficiency and improved insulin action, these treatments seek to address the complex problems associated with T2DM. The complexities of mitochondrial dynamics, such as their role in energy production, appropriate regulation of cell death, and creation of reactive oxygen species, highlight the necessity of comprehensive approaches in the development of medicines that target mitochondria. This strategy represents a step forward in the management of T2DM and highlights a promising area of cutting-edge research in the hunt for potent treatments that might stop or reverse the disease's development, improving patient outcomes and care.

Prevalence of multidrug-resistant ESBL-producing Escherichia coli isolated from beef and sheep meat in Sylhet, Bangladesh

by JABET Journal and Masudur Rahman

Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Experimental Therapeutics, 2024

Abstract: Nowadays, the spread of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) from food anima... more Abstract: Nowadays, the spread of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) from food animals to humans is considered to be a serious public health problem. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of multidrug-resistant ESBL-producing E. coli isolated from beef and sheep meat. A total of 400 meat samples (200 beef and 200 sheep) were randomly collected from different slaughterhouses and wet markets in Habiganj, Sylhet, Moulvibazar, and Sunamganj districts of the Sylhet division of Bangladesh. Among 400 samples, 136 E. coli were isolated from meat samples (90 beef and 46 sheep). Disc diffusion antimicrobial susceptibility assay was used to test the antimicrobial susceptibility traits of E. coli. The overall prevalence of multidrug resistance was 56.67% in E. coli of beef samples and 43.47% in E. coli of sheep meat. E. coli isolates of the meat samples (beef and sheep meat) were found to be 100% resistant to both Erythromycin and Ampicillin (100%), and 100% sensitive to Cotrimoxazole, Ciprofloxacin, Gentamycin, Levofloxacin, and Colistin. Furthermore, antibiotic sensitivity tests were performed using Cefotaxime, Ceftazidine, Ceftriaxone, and Aztreonam to know the prevalence of ESBL producers in isolated E. coli. ESBL-producing E. coli, which showed resistance to both Cefotaxime and Ceftriaxone, was found at 21.11 % (19/90) and 4.35% (2/46) in beef and sheep meat respectively. Our results showed that the best drugs to treat animals afflicted with ESBL-producing E. coli were Ceftazidine and Aztreonam, highlighting the urgent need to minimize the unnecessary use of antibiotics.

Dietary supplementation of moringa leaf powder improves the productive and reproductive performance of Pekin duck

Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Experimental Therapeutics, 2024

Abstract: Duck production is often considered advantageous compared to other poultry species due ... more Abstract: Duck production is often considered advantageous compared to other poultry species due to its lower management requirements. However, intensive duck farming necessitates balanced nutrition and additional feed supplements to maximize profitability. Moringa leaves, rich in high-quality proteins, vitamins, minerals, and various bioactive compounds, have been proven to enhance the production and reproduction performance of poultry. The present study was conducted to elucidate the beneficial effect of Moringa leaf powder (MLP) on the productive and reproductive parameters of Pekin ducks. The experiment involved supplementing the basal ration of Pekin ducks with different percentages of MLP (0%, 2%, 4%, and 6%). The results indicated that 4% MLP supplementation improved production and reproduction parameters most effectively. This supplementation increased mature body weight and live weight gain by lowering the feed conversion ratio (FCR), enhancing the dressing percentage, and reducing triglycerides and cholesterol levels in blood lipids without adversely affecting other blood parameters. Notably, the ducks fed with 4% MLPsupplemented diet reached sexual maturity 7-10 days earlier than other MLP-treated or control groups. Additionally, MLP supplementation improved the fertility and hatchability of ducks. Remarkably, drakes fed with 4% MLP-supplemented diet showed increased semen volume and better sperm quality parameters, including total motility, progressive motility, viability, and concentration, with reduced sperm abnormalities compared to other MLPtreated and control groups. Therefore, it is suggested that 4% MLP can be supplemented in duck rations to enhance the productive and reproductive profiles.

Noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) fruit juice reduces paw edema and protects gastric mucosal injury in rats

by JABET Journal and Desy Armalina

Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Experimental Therapeutics, 2024

Edema is a reliable parameter to evaluate the anti-inflammatory process. Noni (Morinda citrifolia... more Edema is a reliable parameter to evaluate the anti-inflammatory process. Noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) fruit has been shown to decrease inflammation. However, studies on the impact of noni juice on gastric mucosal injury are still limited. Thus, the current study aimed to assess the effect of noni fruit juice as an anti-inflammatory agent in rat paw edema and gastric mucosal injury. The rats were divided into five groups such as control, carrageenan only, carrageenan and diclofenac sodium, carrageenan and 90% noni, and carrageenan + 100% noni. Paw edema was measured, and histopathological examination of the gastric tissues was performed. The administration of noni juice significantly reduced paw edema in the carrageenan + 90% noni and carrageenan + 100% noni groups of rats. Compared to the carrageenan + diclofenac sodium group, the carrageenan + 90% noni and carrageenan + 100% noni groups were not significantly different in reducing paw edema. It suggests that the administration of noni juice can reduce paw edema with the same potential as diclofenac sodium. Gastric mucosal injury in the carrageenan + diclofenac sodium group (scores 2 to 3) was higher than in the carrageenan + 90% noni and carrageenan + 100% noni groups (scores 1 to 2), both of them had significant differences (p<0.05). In conclusion, noni juice can reduce paw edema and protect against gastric mucosal injury.

Metabolomic signatures of Ramadan diurnal intermittent fasting in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Experimental Therapeutics, 2024

Abstract: The global prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is on the rise and projections... more Abstract: The global prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is on the rise and projections indicate that an alarming portion of the population will be affected by this disease in the coming decades. In T2DM, chronic hyperglycemia affects the metabolism of the human body. Previous studies on how diabetes impacts metabolism have yielded contradictory results. Therefore, to gain a deeper comprehension of the pathophysiology and progression of diabetes, it is crucial to pinpoint the dysregulated metabolism caused by the disease. In this study, we investigated the alterations in global metabolism in diabetic patients, as well as the effect of Ramadan diurnal intermittent fasting (RDIF) on metabolism. The levels of metabolites that are significantly different in diabetic individuals are components of five pathways: purine metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, porphyrin metabolism, and riboflavin metabolism. In diabetic individuals, RDIF significantly altered metabolite levels, affecting three pathways in particular: the pentose phosphate pathway, the tyrosine metabolism, and the D-arginine and D-ornithine metabolism. These pathways share genes previously linked to glycemic control and diabetes. Altogether, this study provides more insight into the beneficial effects of diurnal fasting in controlling diabetes.

An assessment on the impact of weaning stress on the weaning age in Black Bengal goat kids

Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Experimental Therapeutics, 2024

Abstract: Weaning is stressful for goat kids, often leading to stunted growth, weight loss, and m... more Abstract: Weaning is stressful for goat kids, often leading to stunted growth, weight loss, and mortality, with varied weaning times reducing overall productivity and profitability. The aim of this research was to determine the optimal age for weaning of Black Bengal goat (BBG) kids and evaluate the impact of weaning stress on their post-weaning performances. A trial was conducted comprising 4 groups (8 kids/group), accompanied by 4 lactating does, weaned at intervals of 45, 60, 75, and 90 days (designated as A, B, C, and D, respectively), and reared up to six months of age. Heart rate measurements and blood samplings were done three days before (-3), during (0), and three days after (+3) individual weaning schedules. Furthermore, dry matter intake, daily weight gain, weaning weight, 06 months weight, disease incidence, and kid mortality were also recorded. The serum concentration of triiodothyronine (T3) hormone declined significantly (p<0.05) at +3 days after weaning than-3 days before weaning in groups A, B, and C while an increase was observed in group D. The average cortisol level was significantly (p< 0.05) lower in group D than in other groups. Post-weaning performances, including weaning weight, 06 months weight, daily weight gain, and kid mortality also differ significantly (p<0.05). Group D demonstrated superior performance compared to groups A, B, and C. The findings revealed that kids weaned at 75 to 90 days experienced less stress, performed better, and had fewer health issues.

Impact of betel quid on hyperglycemia among diabetes patients in Bangladesh

Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Experimental Therapeutics, 2024

Abstract: Betel quid (BQ), a prevalent social habit in Asia, is often used without awareness of i... more Abstract: Betel quid (BQ), a prevalent social habit in Asia, is often used without awareness of its harmful effects. This study explored the impact of BQ chewing on hyperglycemia among diabetic patients in northeastern Bangladesh. Specifically, this study focused on the role of areca nut, a key addictive component in BQ, in influencing hyperglycemia. Random blood glucose (RBG) tests were conducted on 961 diabetic patients, alongside lifestyle data, from August 2018 to February 2019 at Sylhet Diabetic Hospital, Bangladesh. Statistical analyses, including t-tests, Analysis of the variance (ANOVA), Fisher's exact test, and Multivariate regression, were employed to assess RBG status in BQ chewer vs. non-chewer. BQ chewers had higher RBG levels than non-chewers (263.3 ± 4.768 vs. 251.0 ± 5.915). Notably, raw areca nut users in the BQ group had significantly higher RBG levels than dry nut users (278.0 ± 8.790 vs. 252.1 ± 6.835 mg/dl), with up to 50 times more hyperglycemic effect. BQ chewing was associated with elevated RBG levels across different demographic and lifestyle groups. Lack of awareness was also prevalent among BQ chewers while individuals with desk jobs showed higher RBG levels. In conclusion, diabetic BQ chewers experience elevated hyperglycemia levels, highlighting the. urgent need to discourage BQ use for effective diabetes management.

Human mesenchymal stem cell secretome increases hepatocyte growth factor expression and promotes liver regeneration in Wistar rats with cholestasis

Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Experimental Therapeutics, 2024

Abstract: Globally, the annual mortality rate due to liver cirrhosis is 2.2%, which ranks 12 th a... more Abstract: Globally, the annual mortality rate due to liver cirrhosis is 2.2%, which ranks 12 th as the cause of death in the United States. Human mesenchymal stem cell secretome (Hu-MSC-S) is known to reduce liver injury and inflammation. Thus, the present study aims to determine the effect of Hu-MSC-S on hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) expression and liver regeneration in cholestatic rats after choledochal duct ligation receiving standard ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) therapy. A randomized experimental study was conducted on 24 male Wistar rats. All rats were randomly assigned into four groups such as control, UDCA, Hu-MSC-S, and UDCA+Hu-MSC-S. The expression of HGF and mitotic index as markers of liver regeneration were evaluated using histopathologic examination. Both HGF expression and the mitotic index were significantly higher in the UDCA and Hu-MSC-S groups (P < 0.05) compared to the control group. The combined administration of UDCA and Hu-MSC-S resulted in significantly higher HGF expression and mitotic index than the individual intervention (P < 0.05). The additional administration of Hu-MSC-S increased HGF expression and mitotic index in rat model of hepatic cholestasis. In conclusion, HuMSC-S administration could be considered as a therapy in patients who received standard UDCA therapy for liver regeneration.

A comparative retrospective study on syphilis serology in HIVpositive and negative individuals before and after therapy

Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Experimental Therapeutics, 2024

Abstract: Syphilis serological tests are crucial for diagnosing and evaluating syphilis therapy. ... more Abstract: Syphilis serological tests are crucial for diagnosing and evaluating syphilis therapy. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection can alter syphilis serologies, making manifestations more atypical and increasing complications. This study aims to compare treponemal and nontreponemal titers before and after therapy between HIV-positive and negative patients. From January 2018 to December 2021, this study retrospectively evaluated patients diagnosed with early and latent syphilis using quantitative nontreponemal and treponemal serologies (VDRL and TPHA) and categorized them as HIV-positive or negative. Baseline and posttherapy (1 month and last follow-up within 2 years) VDRL and TPHA titers were recorded. Twenty-nine HIV-negative and 28 HIV-positive patients met the inclusion criteria. Baseline VDRL and TPHA titers differed significantly between both groups, particularly in early syphilis, with the median baseline VDRL titer higher in the HIV-positive group. At 1-month and the last follow-up after therapy, VDRL titers continued to differ significantly, underscoring the impact of HIV coinfection on treatment response. Notably, TPHA titers exhibited significant differences between the two groups only at the last follow-up in overall syphilis. The HIV-positive group showed a higher percentage of patients failing to achieve a serological cure (60.7% vs. 58.6%). HIV coinfection in syphilis patients affects both nontreponemal and treponemal titers and elevates the treatment failure risk. This study highlights the importance of periodic syphilis serology tests in coinfected individuals to ensure treatment effectiveness, detect reinfection promptly, and prevent complications.

Association of neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes with CA15-3 as a predictor of breast cancer in female patients

Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Experimental Therapeutics, 2024

Abstract: Infiltrated leukocytes, such as neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes can be involved... more Abstract: Infiltrated leukocytes, such as neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes can be involved in a variety of tumor development. The present study aimed to investigate the linkage of neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes with CA15-3 as a predictor of breast cancer. The study included 116 patients (58 patients before chemotherapy and 58 patients after chemotherapy. CA15-3 antigen levels were measured, and the grading of breast cancer was identified. In addition, neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes percentage and their correlation to CA15-3 antigen were determined. The results observed a significant increase in the CA15-3 antigen levels. Moreover, the study also showed that CA15-3 antigen levels have a great correlation with grades of breast cancer particularly in grade 3 before treatment. The results also found that neutrophils and monocyte percentages were significantly increased in patients before treatment. However, lymphocyte percentage decreased before treatment and greatly increased after treatment. Additionally, the results showed a positive correlation between neutrophil and monocytes percentage with CA15-3 antigen levels before and after treatment. However, the correlation was negative between lymphocyte percentage and CA15-3 antigen levels. The present findings observed that neutrophils and monocytes have a great association with CA15-3 antigen levels, therefore, targeting these cells could protect against breast cancer development. However, targeting these cells can negatively affect the patient's immune response, thus further studies are needed to study the exact mechanism by which neutrophils and monocytes could enhance breast cancer development. Additionally, increased lymphocytes after treatment might be a good strategy to treat breast cancer.

Impact of seaweed on growth performance, sperm quality, and testicular histomorphology of ram

Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Experimental Therapeutics, 2024

Abstract: Sperm quality is critical for male fertility, which is largely dependent on testicular ... more Abstract: Sperm quality is critical for male fertility, which is largely dependent on testicular development; however, nutrition is critical for optimal growth, gonadal development, and reproductive functions. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Gracilaria parvispora, a red seaweed on growth performance, testicular physiology, and semen quality in ram. Fifteen indigenous healthy rams, weighing 10-11 kg and aged 12-13 months, were randomly allocated into three groups. One group was considered as control and supplied with a German grass and concentrate mixture (control diet). The other two groups were provided with a control diet plus seaweed mixture at 7 g/d or 14 g/d. The starting body weight, scrotal circumferences, and semen quality of rams were similar for all groups. However, post-treatment, both the seaweed-treated groups showed significantly higher body weight, total weight gain, daily weight gain, and increased scrotal circumference and testicular dimensions, compared to the control group. Moreover, the semen parameters, including sperm concentration, live sperm percentage, mass motility, and progressive motility were observed to be significantly increased, while decreasing abnormal sperm percentage in the seaweed-treated group. Furthermore, DPPH and ABTS scavenging abilities of sperm and in vitro fertilization rate were increased dramatically in seaweed-treated groups. Additionally, the testicular histology of seaweed-treated groups revealed a thinner tunica albuginea with expanded seminiferous tubules containing a higher number of spermatogenic cells inside. These findings suggest that seaweed G. parvispora could be a valuable dietary supplement for enhancing the growth and reproductive performance of ram.

Investigation of the pharmacological characteristics of Sphaeranthus indicus flowers using phytochemical analysis

Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Experimental Therapeutics, 2024

Abstract: Although the conventional usage of Sphaeranthus indicus flowers in medicine exists, the... more Abstract: Although the conventional usage of Sphaeranthus indicus flowers in medicine exists, there is a lack of research on the precise pharmacological characteristics and comprehensive phytochemical composition of its flowers, resulting in a knowledge gap on their whole therapeutic capabilities. The aim of this work is to identify and describe the phytochemicals found in the flowers of Sphaeranthus indicus and assess specific pharmacological effects, such as antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, thrombolytic, antidepressant, and antidiarrheal characteristics. The investigation revealed that the MESIF (methanol extract of S. indicus flowers) showed substantial antioxidant performance (IC50 = 26.33) accompanied by a moderate phenolic content (93.33 ± 1.76). At 250 and 500 µg/ml, the extract exhibited modest to moderate antibacterial sensitivity against many tested pathogens and significantly reduced inflammation by protein denaturation (41.63 ± 0.11 and 70.52 ± 0.20). Furthermore, MESIF exhibited remarkable thrombolytic activity with a statistically significant (***P<0.001) lysis of clots. The extract showed substantial reduction in immobility in both the Forced Swim Test (FST) and Tail Suspension Test (TST) at doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg (***p<0.001). It also a showed significant potent antidiarrheal activity (**p<0.01 at 200 mg/kg and ***p<0.001 at 400 mg/kg), effectively reducing diarrheal episodes in the test models. These findings suggest that the MESIF holds potential for developing treatments with antioxidant, antibacterial, antiinflammatory, thrombolytic, antidepressant, and antidiarrheal effects. Further research is recommended to isolate specific bioactive compounds and elucidate the mechanisms underlying these pharmacological actions.

Effect of Nigella sativa extract on the elevation of serum MDA levels in aluminum-induced oxidative stress in rats

by JABET Journal and Ira Humairah

Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Experimental Therapeutics, 2024

Abstract: Aluminum (Al) constitutes approximately 8% of the Earth's surface. Al is extensively us... more Abstract: Aluminum (Al) constitutes approximately 8% of the Earth's surface. Al is extensively used in various industrial applications, including medicines, food additives, cosmetics and farming practices. However, Al poses a risk to human health when it enters the body, potentially leading to various pathological conditions. Nigella sativa, known for its active compound thymoquinone (TQ), has demonstrated anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. TQ is recognized for its potential in the prevention and treatment of numerous diseases. This study aimed to explore the effect of N. sativa extract (NSE) in preventing the elevation of malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the blood serum of rats subjected to aluminum-induced oxidative stress. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided into four groups. Groups K1 and K2 were fed a standard diet, while groups K3 and K4 received NSE at doses 200 mg/kg/day and 400 mg/kg/day, respectively, administrated through oral gavage. After two weeks of NSE pretreatment, groups K2, K3, and K4 were exposed to AlCl3 (34 mg/kg, oral gavage) for an additional three weeks. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in body weight or hemoglobin levels among the groups. Interestingly, a significant reduction in MDA level (P < 0.05) was observed among groups. Notably, MDA levels were lower in the NSE-treated and control groups compared to the AlCl3-exposed group. In conclusion, NSE may have a positive effect against oxidative stress induced by Al exposure.

Antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of Solanum villosum leaf extracts against acetaminophen-induced mouse model of hepatotoxicity

Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Experimental Therapeutics, 2024

Abstract: Solanum villosum is an indigenous vegetable and ethno-medicine source in Africa. Scient... more Abstract: Solanum villosum is an indigenous vegetable and ethno-medicine source in Africa. Scientific validation of their medicinal potential is required. The current study aimed to assess the antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of S. villosum leaf methanol extracts (SVE) against acetaminophen-induced mouse model. The SVE antioxidant activities were evaluated by ferric reducing antioxidant capacity and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities in vitro. Hepatoprotective activities were assessed by automated hematological analysis, chemical analysis and specific biochemical assays of liver homogenates. Mice were orally administered with SVE at 30, 100, 300 and 500 mg/kg body weight. Hepatotoxicity was induced by acetaminophen 300 mg/kg bw intraperitoneally while silymarin 25 mg/kg bw orally was a positive control. The SVE exhibited a clear concentration-dependent antioxidant activity. Subsequently, SVE treatment significantly (P≤0.05) lowered granulocyte count, while there was a significant increase in lymphocyte count in acetaminophen-treated mice. Further, SVE significantly lowered the activities of alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase, but significantly increased γ-glutamyl-transferase activity in treated mice compared to the controls. However, SVE led to insignificant change in total proteins. Additionally, SVE treatment led to a significant rise in superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities but, an insignificant change in catalase activity. In conclusion, SVE confers liver protection by oxidative stress prevention, antioxidant enzyme activation, immuno-modulation and hepatic tissue preservation. The results also support indigenous use of S. villosum to protect patients against drug-induced liver damage and enhance immunity. Further, dietary supplements of S. villosum could be an adjunct therapy in acetaminopheninduced hepatotoxicity.

Effect of lipoic acid on the expression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-associated genes in the liver of rats fed a hypercaloric choline-deficient diet

by JABET Journal and Anastasia Balakina

Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Experimental Therapeutics, 2024

Abstract: fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common chronic liver pathologies. Molecu... more Abstract: fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common chronic liver pathologies. Molecular mechanisms of NAFLD pathogenesis are complex and still require further clarification. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the impact of lipoic acid (LA), widely used as an antioxidant, on the development of different links of NAFLD, including de novo lipogenesis, antioxidant and xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes by gene expression analysis. The experiment was carried out on three groups of male Wistar rats received control diet, hypercaloric choline-deficient diet (HCCD) or HCCD with LA (HCCD+LA). In the liver of rats the expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (Acaca), fatty acid synthase (Fasn), stearoyl-CoA desaturase (Scd) and transcriptional regulators sterol-regulatory element-binding protein SREBP (Srebf1), carbohydrate response element-binding protein ChREBP (Mlxipl), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha PPARα (Ppara), heme oxygenase-1 HO-1 (Hmox1) and nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 Nrf2 (Nrf2), cytochrome P450 1A1 CYP1A1 (CYP1A1) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor AhR (AhR), cytochrome P450 2E1 CYP2E1 (CYP2E1) genes were evaluated. Supplementation of HCCD with LA led to an even greater than in HCCD group decrease in Scd gene expression by 88% (p<0.05), as well as a marked suppression of Ppara and Mlxipl by 37% (p<0.05) and 27% (p<0.05), to an 80% (p<0.05) elevation of Hmox1 gene expression relative to the HCCD group, had no pronounced effect on CYP1A1 and AhR gene expression but resulted in a 38% (p<0.05) suppression of CYP2E1 expression compared with that slightly elevated by HCCD. In conclusion, the current study showed that LA reduces lipogenesis de novo, restores the expression of Hmox1 gene of the antioxidant enzyme HO-1, diminished by the HCCD diet, and decreases HCCD-induced level of the expression of CYP2E1 gene of CYP2E1 enzyme, a potential source of free radicals.

Effect of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Cucurbita maxima seed on fasting blood glucose in alloxan-induced rats

by JABET Journal and Peninah Muchirah

Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Experimental Therapeutics, 2024

Abstract: Diabetes is a chronic disorder marked by hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance and in... more Abstract: Diabetes is a chronic disorder marked by hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance and insufficient insulin action, or both. Synthetic antidiabetic drugs available on the market are associated with severe effects, necessitating the need for alternative antidiabetic drugs. This investigation aimed to determine the antidiabetic potential and phytochemical profiles of aqueous and ethanol seed extracts of Cucurbita maxima. The seeds of C. maxima were airdried, milled, and extracted using distilled water and ethanol. The antidiabetic effect of the extracts was performed using Wistar rats weighing 160-180 g. Thirty-five rats were assigned to 7 groups: non-diabetic (control), diabetic, glibenclamide-treated, and aqueous or ethanol extract-treated (200 and 400 mg/kg body weight). Alloxan monohydrate was used to induce experimental diabetes. The treatments were orally administered for 28 days. Blood glucose levels and histopathological analysis were performed. The phytochemical screening was conducted utilizing liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). In diabetic rats, the effects of the two extracts revealed a substantial reduction in levels of fasting blood glucose in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting an antidiabetic effect. The histopathological analysis revealed the restoration of pancreatic β-cells by the extracts. The LC-MS analysis identified phytocompounds in the extracts belonging to classes of flavonoids, phenolic acids, and fatty acids that are associated with antidiabetic effects. Interestingly, the ethanol extract had a better antidiabetic effect compared to the aqueous extract. In conclusion, the aqueous and ethanol extracts of C. maxima seed possess phytocompounds that can be used to develop novel antidiabetic agents with less severe effects.

Effect of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on liver function in Basra oil company workers

Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Experimental Therapeutics, 2024

Abstract: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are considered one of the most widespread catego... more Abstract: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are considered one of the most widespread categories of environmental pollutants. This study was conducted to discover the effect of PAH from the oil fields pollution in Basra on liver function. The relationship between PAH in air compared to blood serum and its effect on liver function parameters were studied. 120 blood samples were collected from male workers aged between 25-40 years from 3 different regions. Group 1 was from the Rumella field, while group 2 was from the West Qurna field, and group 3 was from an uncontaminated area far from the oil fields in the city center (control). Higher levels of PAH were found in group 1 and group 2 in the blood serum as compared to control in both air and serum. In control, significantly higher levels of PAH were found in air as compared to serum levels. As for PAH levels in the air, a higher level was detected in group 1 compared to group 2, while a lower level was detected in control. As for liver function tests, the levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and bilirubin were the higher level in group 1 and 2 compared to control. In contrast, the levels of albumin and total protein were lower in the group 1 and 2 compared to the control. In conclusion, it is suggested that environmental pollutants such as PAH may cause liver diseases by reducing the function of liver in human.

Impact of scutellarin on cyclophosphamide-induced testicular damage in Sprague Dawley male rats

by JABET Journal and Shaimaa Hussein

Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Experimental Therapeutics, 2024

Abstract: Cyclophosphamide is one of the most invasive chemotherapeutic drugs, which is commonly ... more Abstract: Cyclophosphamide is one of the most invasive chemotherapeutic drugs, which is commonly used despite its adverse effects and toxicities. Scutellarin is an herbal flavonoid with multiple pharmacological activities and clinical applications. The goal of the current study was to investigate whether scutellarin protected the gonads of male rats exposed to a single dose of cyclophosphamide. In the experiment, 21 male Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into three groups (n=7/group). Control group; received normal saline for 12 days by mouth; Induction group; received normal saline for 12 days by mouth and a single dose of cyclophosphamide (100 mg/kg) intraperitoneally on day 6; and Scutellarin group; received intragastric scutellarin (100mg/kg) for 12 days and a single dose of cyclophosphamide (100mg/kg) intraperitoneally on day 6. At the end of treatment, the samples were collected, the gonadosomatic index (GSI) was calculated, sperm parameters, serum testosterone, testicular malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels were measured, and histopathological alternation was evaluated. The results showed that GSI, sperm parameters, testosterone, and GPx levels were notably declined, while the level of MDA was significantly higher in the induction group compared to the control group. Interestingly, these measures markedly improved in scutellarin treated group. Additionally, histopathological analysis revealed a substantial change in the testicular tissue structure and a decrease in Jonson's score in the induction group, although scutellarin co-treatment considerably attenuated and even reversed these changes. In conclusion, the outcomes demonstrated that scutellarin may act as a protective agent that alleviates rats' testicular toxicity caused by cyclophosphamide therapy. Further, the proposed process may be attributed to its potent antioxidant properties.

Effect of geographical and agroclimatic location on phytocompounds and antioxidant activity of Moringa oleifera leaves

Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Experimental Therapeutics, 2024

Abstract: Moringa oleifera L. is renowned for its rich phytochemical content and significant biol... more Abstract: Moringa oleifera L. is renowned for its rich phytochemical content and significant biological activity. The influence of geographic location and agroclimatic conditions on phytochemical content and bioactivity of plants remains unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the impact of geographical and agroclimatic location on the phytochemical content, antioxidant activity, and antibacterial potential of M. oleifera leaves. Phytochemical content was measured qualitatively and quantitatively, as well as bioactivity analysis was carried out by testing antioxidant and antibacterial activity. Interestingly, three dominant compounds were identified in both samples using the molecular docking tool. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of a broad spectrum of secondary metabolites in both samples, which were collected from two different locations. The identified metabolites were alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids, saponins, tannins, phenols, coumarins, flavonoids, quinones, and glycosides. The accumulation of phenols, flavonoid, and antioxidants in sample M1 was higher compared to sample M2. The results further suggest the confirmation of OH, C=O, CO, aliphatic, and aromatic carbons functional groups in samples. The most dominant compound 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid (Z, Z, Z) found in sample M2. Molecular docking analysis suggests that the detected compounds have promising antioxidant and antibacterial activity, but their potential may vary due to divergence of geographical location and agroclimatic conditions. In addition, geographical location and agroclimatic conditions influenced the potential of other phytochemical and bioactivity in M. oleifera leaves. In conclusion, the overall findings can be effective for screening environmental factors-based regulation of potential compounds in M. oleifera and their pharmacological interest.

Effects of Clove and Tulsi supplementation on the dynamics and cellularity of adipose tissue in the visceral and subcutaneous fat depots in Broiler

Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Experimental Therapeutics, 2024

The substantial genetic enhancement of broiler chickens, coupled with the use of growthpromoting ... more The substantial genetic enhancement of broiler chickens, coupled with the use of growthpromoting additives in feed, has led to accelerated growth rates, and elevated fat deposition in broiler. Clove and Tulsi, well-known medicinal plants, have been shown to improve both the growth performance and intestinal health of broilers. This study aimed to investigate the impact of Clove and Tulsi supplementation on the composition and cellular makeup in visceral and subcutaneous fat depots of broiler chickens. Sixty Cobb-500 broiler chicks were randomly divided into four groups to receive different supplemental treatments via drinking water. The groups included S0 (control), receiving no additional supplements; S1, receiving 0.5% Clove and 2% Tulsi; S2, receiving 1% Clove and 3% Tulsi; and S3, receiving 1.5% Clove and 4% Tulsi from day 8 to 28. On days 14 and 28, five broilers from each group were euthanized, and their visceral and subcutaneous fat depots were collected, weighed, and subjected to histological analysis to assess adipocyte histomorphology and histomorphometry. The S1 and S2 groups exhibited higher relative percentages of visceral fat depot, larger adipocyte size, and a greater percentage of larger adipocytes compared to the control, while adipocyte density was lower. Conversely, the S3 group showed minimal deviation from the control. Notably, no significant histomorphological differences were observed among the experimental groups. These findings suggest that Clove and Tulsi supplementation may modulate adipose tissue dynamics and cellularity depending on the concentration of supplementation.

Tracing mitochondrial dysfunction pathways in type 2 diabetes: The promise of mitochondria-targeted therapeutics

Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Experimental Therapeutics, 2024

Abstract: The alarmingly high global prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) has made novel... more Abstract: The alarmingly high global prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) has made novel treatment strategies imperative. One major contributing factor to the onset of T2DM is mitochondrial dysfunction, which deteriorates cellular health, interferes with energy metabolism, and reduces insulin sensitivity. Targeting mitochondrial pathways can enhance outcomes in T2DM. Promising therapeutic benefits can be derived from strategies that target and improve mitochondrial function, biogenesis, efficient turnover, and oxidative stress reduction. Through increased mitochondrial efficiency and improved insulin action, these treatments seek to address the complex problems associated with T2DM. The complexities of mitochondrial dynamics, such as their role in energy production, appropriate regulation of cell death, and creation of reactive oxygen species, highlight the necessity of comprehensive approaches in the development of medicines that target mitochondria. This strategy represents a step forward in the management of T2DM and highlights a promising area of cutting-edge research in the hunt for potent treatments that might stop or reverse the disease's development, improving patient outcomes and care.

Prevalence of multidrug-resistant ESBL-producing Escherichia coli isolated from beef and sheep meat in Sylhet, Bangladesh

by JABET Journal and Masudur Rahman

Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Experimental Therapeutics, 2024

Abstract: Nowadays, the spread of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) from food anima... more Abstract: Nowadays, the spread of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) from food animals to humans is considered to be a serious public health problem. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of multidrug-resistant ESBL-producing E. coli isolated from beef and sheep meat. A total of 400 meat samples (200 beef and 200 sheep) were randomly collected from different slaughterhouses and wet markets in Habiganj, Sylhet, Moulvibazar, and Sunamganj districts of the Sylhet division of Bangladesh. Among 400 samples, 136 E. coli were isolated from meat samples (90 beef and 46 sheep). Disc diffusion antimicrobial susceptibility assay was used to test the antimicrobial susceptibility traits of E. coli. The overall prevalence of multidrug resistance was 56.67% in E. coli of beef samples and 43.47% in E. coli of sheep meat. E. coli isolates of the meat samples (beef and sheep meat) were found to be 100% resistant to both Erythromycin and Ampicillin (100%), and 100% sensitive to Cotrimoxazole, Ciprofloxacin, Gentamycin, Levofloxacin, and Colistin. Furthermore, antibiotic sensitivity tests were performed using Cefotaxime, Ceftazidine, Ceftriaxone, and Aztreonam to know the prevalence of ESBL producers in isolated E. coli. ESBL-producing E. coli, which showed resistance to both Cefotaxime and Ceftriaxone, was found at 21.11 % (19/90) and 4.35% (2/46) in beef and sheep meat respectively. Our results showed that the best drugs to treat animals afflicted with ESBL-producing E. coli were Ceftazidine and Aztreonam, highlighting the urgent need to minimize the unnecessary use of antibiotics.

Dietary supplementation of moringa leaf powder improves the productive and reproductive performance of Pekin duck

Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Experimental Therapeutics, 2024

Abstract: Duck production is often considered advantageous compared to other poultry species due ... more Abstract: Duck production is often considered advantageous compared to other poultry species due to its lower management requirements. However, intensive duck farming necessitates balanced nutrition and additional feed supplements to maximize profitability. Moringa leaves, rich in high-quality proteins, vitamins, minerals, and various bioactive compounds, have been proven to enhance the production and reproduction performance of poultry. The present study was conducted to elucidate the beneficial effect of Moringa leaf powder (MLP) on the productive and reproductive parameters of Pekin ducks. The experiment involved supplementing the basal ration of Pekin ducks with different percentages of MLP (0%, 2%, 4%, and 6%). The results indicated that 4% MLP supplementation improved production and reproduction parameters most effectively. This supplementation increased mature body weight and live weight gain by lowering the feed conversion ratio (FCR), enhancing the dressing percentage, and reducing triglycerides and cholesterol levels in blood lipids without adversely affecting other blood parameters. Notably, the ducks fed with 4% MLPsupplemented diet reached sexual maturity 7-10 days earlier than other MLP-treated or control groups. Additionally, MLP supplementation improved the fertility and hatchability of ducks. Remarkably, drakes fed with 4% MLP-supplemented diet showed increased semen volume and better sperm quality parameters, including total motility, progressive motility, viability, and concentration, with reduced sperm abnormalities compared to other MLPtreated and control groups. Therefore, it is suggested that 4% MLP can be supplemented in duck rations to enhance the productive and reproductive profiles.

Noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) fruit juice reduces paw edema and protects gastric mucosal injury in rats

by JABET Journal and Desy Armalina

Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Experimental Therapeutics, 2024

Edema is a reliable parameter to evaluate the anti-inflammatory process. Noni (Morinda citrifolia... more Edema is a reliable parameter to evaluate the anti-inflammatory process. Noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) fruit has been shown to decrease inflammation. However, studies on the impact of noni juice on gastric mucosal injury are still limited. Thus, the current study aimed to assess the effect of noni fruit juice as an anti-inflammatory agent in rat paw edema and gastric mucosal injury. The rats were divided into five groups such as control, carrageenan only, carrageenan and diclofenac sodium, carrageenan and 90% noni, and carrageenan + 100% noni. Paw edema was measured, and histopathological examination of the gastric tissues was performed. The administration of noni juice significantly reduced paw edema in the carrageenan + 90% noni and carrageenan + 100% noni groups of rats. Compared to the carrageenan + diclofenac sodium group, the carrageenan + 90% noni and carrageenan + 100% noni groups were not significantly different in reducing paw edema. It suggests that the administration of noni juice can reduce paw edema with the same potential as diclofenac sodium. Gastric mucosal injury in the carrageenan + diclofenac sodium group (scores 2 to 3) was higher than in the carrageenan + 90% noni and carrageenan + 100% noni groups (scores 1 to 2), both of them had significant differences (p<0.05). In conclusion, noni juice can reduce paw edema and protect against gastric mucosal injury.

Metabolomic signatures of Ramadan diurnal intermittent fasting in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Experimental Therapeutics, 2024

Abstract: The global prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is on the rise and projections... more Abstract: The global prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is on the rise and projections indicate that an alarming portion of the population will be affected by this disease in the coming decades. In T2DM, chronic hyperglycemia affects the metabolism of the human body. Previous studies on how diabetes impacts metabolism have yielded contradictory results. Therefore, to gain a deeper comprehension of the pathophysiology and progression of diabetes, it is crucial to pinpoint the dysregulated metabolism caused by the disease. In this study, we investigated the alterations in global metabolism in diabetic patients, as well as the effect of Ramadan diurnal intermittent fasting (RDIF) on metabolism. The levels of metabolites that are significantly different in diabetic individuals are components of five pathways: purine metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, porphyrin metabolism, and riboflavin metabolism. In diabetic individuals, RDIF significantly altered metabolite levels, affecting three pathways in particular: the pentose phosphate pathway, the tyrosine metabolism, and the D-arginine and D-ornithine metabolism. These pathways share genes previously linked to glycemic control and diabetes. Altogether, this study provides more insight into the beneficial effects of diurnal fasting in controlling diabetes.

An assessment on the impact of weaning stress on the weaning age in Black Bengal goat kids

Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Experimental Therapeutics, 2024

Abstract: Weaning is stressful for goat kids, often leading to stunted growth, weight loss, and m... more Abstract: Weaning is stressful for goat kids, often leading to stunted growth, weight loss, and mortality, with varied weaning times reducing overall productivity and profitability. The aim of this research was to determine the optimal age for weaning of Black Bengal goat (BBG) kids and evaluate the impact of weaning stress on their post-weaning performances. A trial was conducted comprising 4 groups (8 kids/group), accompanied by 4 lactating does, weaned at intervals of 45, 60, 75, and 90 days (designated as A, B, C, and D, respectively), and reared up to six months of age. Heart rate measurements and blood samplings were done three days before (-3), during (0), and three days after (+3) individual weaning schedules. Furthermore, dry matter intake, daily weight gain, weaning weight, 06 months weight, disease incidence, and kid mortality were also recorded. The serum concentration of triiodothyronine (T3) hormone declined significantly (p<0.05) at +3 days after weaning than-3 days before weaning in groups A, B, and C while an increase was observed in group D. The average cortisol level was significantly (p< 0.05) lower in group D than in other groups. Post-weaning performances, including weaning weight, 06 months weight, daily weight gain, and kid mortality also differ significantly (p<0.05). Group D demonstrated superior performance compared to groups A, B, and C. The findings revealed that kids weaned at 75 to 90 days experienced less stress, performed better, and had fewer health issues.

Impact of betel quid on hyperglycemia among diabetes patients in Bangladesh

Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Experimental Therapeutics, 2024

Abstract: Betel quid (BQ), a prevalent social habit in Asia, is often used without awareness of i... more Abstract: Betel quid (BQ), a prevalent social habit in Asia, is often used without awareness of its harmful effects. This study explored the impact of BQ chewing on hyperglycemia among diabetic patients in northeastern Bangladesh. Specifically, this study focused on the role of areca nut, a key addictive component in BQ, in influencing hyperglycemia. Random blood glucose (RBG) tests were conducted on 961 diabetic patients, alongside lifestyle data, from August 2018 to February 2019 at Sylhet Diabetic Hospital, Bangladesh. Statistical analyses, including t-tests, Analysis of the variance (ANOVA), Fisher's exact test, and Multivariate regression, were employed to assess RBG status in BQ chewer vs. non-chewer. BQ chewers had higher RBG levels than non-chewers (263.3 ± 4.768 vs. 251.0 ± 5.915). Notably, raw areca nut users in the BQ group had significantly higher RBG levels than dry nut users (278.0 ± 8.790 vs. 252.1 ± 6.835 mg/dl), with up to 50 times more hyperglycemic effect. BQ chewing was associated with elevated RBG levels across different demographic and lifestyle groups. Lack of awareness was also prevalent among BQ chewers while individuals with desk jobs showed higher RBG levels. In conclusion, diabetic BQ chewers experience elevated hyperglycemia levels, highlighting the. urgent need to discourage BQ use for effective diabetes management.

Human mesenchymal stem cell secretome increases hepatocyte growth factor expression and promotes liver regeneration in Wistar rats with cholestasis

Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Experimental Therapeutics, 2024

Abstract: Globally, the annual mortality rate due to liver cirrhosis is 2.2%, which ranks 12 th a... more Abstract: Globally, the annual mortality rate due to liver cirrhosis is 2.2%, which ranks 12 th as the cause of death in the United States. Human mesenchymal stem cell secretome (Hu-MSC-S) is known to reduce liver injury and inflammation. Thus, the present study aims to determine the effect of Hu-MSC-S on hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) expression and liver regeneration in cholestatic rats after choledochal duct ligation receiving standard ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) therapy. A randomized experimental study was conducted on 24 male Wistar rats. All rats were randomly assigned into four groups such as control, UDCA, Hu-MSC-S, and UDCA+Hu-MSC-S. The expression of HGF and mitotic index as markers of liver regeneration were evaluated using histopathologic examination. Both HGF expression and the mitotic index were significantly higher in the UDCA and Hu-MSC-S groups (P < 0.05) compared to the control group. The combined administration of UDCA and Hu-MSC-S resulted in significantly higher HGF expression and mitotic index than the individual intervention (P < 0.05). The additional administration of Hu-MSC-S increased HGF expression and mitotic index in rat model of hepatic cholestasis. In conclusion, HuMSC-S administration could be considered as a therapy in patients who received standard UDCA therapy for liver regeneration.

A comparative retrospective study on syphilis serology in HIVpositive and negative individuals before and after therapy

Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Experimental Therapeutics, 2024

Abstract: Syphilis serological tests are crucial for diagnosing and evaluating syphilis therapy. ... more Abstract: Syphilis serological tests are crucial for diagnosing and evaluating syphilis therapy. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection can alter syphilis serologies, making manifestations more atypical and increasing complications. This study aims to compare treponemal and nontreponemal titers before and after therapy between HIV-positive and negative patients. From January 2018 to December 2021, this study retrospectively evaluated patients diagnosed with early and latent syphilis using quantitative nontreponemal and treponemal serologies (VDRL and TPHA) and categorized them as HIV-positive or negative. Baseline and posttherapy (1 month and last follow-up within 2 years) VDRL and TPHA titers were recorded. Twenty-nine HIV-negative and 28 HIV-positive patients met the inclusion criteria. Baseline VDRL and TPHA titers differed significantly between both groups, particularly in early syphilis, with the median baseline VDRL titer higher in the HIV-positive group. At 1-month and the last follow-up after therapy, VDRL titers continued to differ significantly, underscoring the impact of HIV coinfection on treatment response. Notably, TPHA titers exhibited significant differences between the two groups only at the last follow-up in overall syphilis. The HIV-positive group showed a higher percentage of patients failing to achieve a serological cure (60.7% vs. 58.6%). HIV coinfection in syphilis patients affects both nontreponemal and treponemal titers and elevates the treatment failure risk. This study highlights the importance of periodic syphilis serology tests in coinfected individuals to ensure treatment effectiveness, detect reinfection promptly, and prevent complications.

Association of neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes with CA15-3 as a predictor of breast cancer in female patients

Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Experimental Therapeutics, 2024

Abstract: Infiltrated leukocytes, such as neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes can be involved... more Abstract: Infiltrated leukocytes, such as neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes can be involved in a variety of tumor development. The present study aimed to investigate the linkage of neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes with CA15-3 as a predictor of breast cancer. The study included 116 patients (58 patients before chemotherapy and 58 patients after chemotherapy. CA15-3 antigen levels were measured, and the grading of breast cancer was identified. In addition, neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes percentage and their correlation to CA15-3 antigen were determined. The results observed a significant increase in the CA15-3 antigen levels. Moreover, the study also showed that CA15-3 antigen levels have a great correlation with grades of breast cancer particularly in grade 3 before treatment. The results also found that neutrophils and monocyte percentages were significantly increased in patients before treatment. However, lymphocyte percentage decreased before treatment and greatly increased after treatment. Additionally, the results showed a positive correlation between neutrophil and monocytes percentage with CA15-3 antigen levels before and after treatment. However, the correlation was negative between lymphocyte percentage and CA15-3 antigen levels. The present findings observed that neutrophils and monocytes have a great association with CA15-3 antigen levels, therefore, targeting these cells could protect against breast cancer development. However, targeting these cells can negatively affect the patient's immune response, thus further studies are needed to study the exact mechanism by which neutrophils and monocytes could enhance breast cancer development. Additionally, increased lymphocytes after treatment might be a good strategy to treat breast cancer.

Impact of seaweed on growth performance, sperm quality, and testicular histomorphology of ram

Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Experimental Therapeutics, 2024

Abstract: Sperm quality is critical for male fertility, which is largely dependent on testicular ... more Abstract: Sperm quality is critical for male fertility, which is largely dependent on testicular development; however, nutrition is critical for optimal growth, gonadal development, and reproductive functions. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Gracilaria parvispora, a red seaweed on growth performance, testicular physiology, and semen quality in ram. Fifteen indigenous healthy rams, weighing 10-11 kg and aged 12-13 months, were randomly allocated into three groups. One group was considered as control and supplied with a German grass and concentrate mixture (control diet). The other two groups were provided with a control diet plus seaweed mixture at 7 g/d or 14 g/d. The starting body weight, scrotal circumferences, and semen quality of rams were similar for all groups. However, post-treatment, both the seaweed-treated groups showed significantly higher body weight, total weight gain, daily weight gain, and increased scrotal circumference and testicular dimensions, compared to the control group. Moreover, the semen parameters, including sperm concentration, live sperm percentage, mass motility, and progressive motility were observed to be significantly increased, while decreasing abnormal sperm percentage in the seaweed-treated group. Furthermore, DPPH and ABTS scavenging abilities of sperm and in vitro fertilization rate were increased dramatically in seaweed-treated groups. Additionally, the testicular histology of seaweed-treated groups revealed a thinner tunica albuginea with expanded seminiferous tubules containing a higher number of spermatogenic cells inside. These findings suggest that seaweed G. parvispora could be a valuable dietary supplement for enhancing the growth and reproductive performance of ram.