This article investigates the process of re-enrolling young people who have dropped
out of schoo... more This article investigates the process of re-enrolling young people who have dropped out of school. Drawing on an analytical framework that integrates perspectives on resilience and belonging, the study explores the potential of at-risk youth to overcome challenges and complete their upper secondary education. A crucial aspect of facilitating their reintegration is establishing a sense of belonging. The data comprise in-depth interviews and observations involving 41 young participants in a flexible learning arena over a period of three years. The analytical design is based on a thematic analysis, where questions mainly initiated the narratives from the participants themselves. The findings show that dropouts can be reintegrated into a flexible learning arena within the school system. Furthermore, this re-enrolment initiative acts as a catalyst, reigniting participants’ sense of mastery. However, the pivotal factor lies in creating an environment that fosters a renewed sense of belonging to peers and the school.
Betydningen av kvaliteten på skole-hjem-samarbeidet i tilrettelegging for et inkluderende skolemi... more Betydningen av kvaliteten på skole-hjem-samarbeidet i tilrettelegging for et inkluderende skolemiljø "School refusal does not belong to school alone" The importance of the quality of school-home cooperation in facilitating an inclusive school environment
Betydningen av kvaliteten på skole-hjem-samarbeidet i tilrettelegging for et inkluderende skolemi... more Betydningen av kvaliteten på skole-hjem-samarbeidet i tilrettelegging for et inkluderende skolemiljø "School refusal does not belong to school alone" The importance of the quality of school-home cooperation in facilitating an inclusive school environment
Political participation of immigrant groups can be considered a key value of multicultural democr... more Political participation of immigrant groups can be considered a key value of multicultural democracy. Furthermore, networks among (ethnic) voluntary associations play a crucial role in the formation of civil society because they create permanent communication channels between different organizations. The central research questions of the paper are: to what degree do ethnic groups politically participate and to what degree do they trust local political institutions? What kind of relationship do we find between civil society, political behavior and political attitudes among ethnic minorities? A proposed relationship between civil society and political behavior and political attitudes has been the subject of a long research tradition. It originated from the work of Alexis de Tocqueville and has more recently been given a new impulse by the work of Robert Putnam (1993, 1995). However, it has scarcely been applied in the context of multicultural societies. The data used in the paper is based on a quantitative survey of 1200 informants with ethnic background from Pakistan, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Turkey or Norway. In addition we have conducted a small-scale survey among local and nations immigrants associations in Norway.
Rapporten er skrevet på oppdrag fra Naeringslivets hovedorganisasjon. Det har vaert satt av et må... more Rapporten er skrevet på oppdrag fra Naeringslivets hovedorganisasjon. Det har vaert satt av et månedsverk til prosjektet. Takk til kritiske kommentarer og konstruktive innspill fra Jan Kåre Berglid, Baard Meidell Johannesen og Kenneth Stien ved NHO, samt Grete Brochmann og Fredrik Engelstad ved Institutt for samfunnsforskning.
Lojalitet i spill Eierskap i implementering av et matematikkdidaktisk tiltak i Oslo-skolen Temaet... more Lojalitet i spill Eierskap i implementering av et matematikkdidaktisk tiltak i Oslo-skolen Temaet for artikkelen er betydningen av lojalitet overfor implementeringen av et matematikkdidaktisk tiltak i ungdomsskoler og videregående skoler i Oslo. Matematikklaerere kurses i didaktiske verktøy og gir elever som presterer svakt i matematikk, tilrettelagt undervisning. Basert på intervjuer med og spørreundersøkelser til rektorer og laerere analyseres endringen, fra det første tiltaksåret preget av motstand, til det andre året preget av engasjement og motivasjon for tiltaket. Artikkelen diskuterer hvordan indrestyrte prosesser og ytrestyrte forhold virker inn på tiltakslojalitet, og at dette er en prosess som krever tid. Nøkkelord Implementering, lojalitet, matematikktiltak, program for bedre gjennomføring i videregående opplaering Skolen er samfunnets baerebjelke og borgernes viktigste treningssenter. Det er en arena hvor kunnskaper og normer koordineres og overføres fra storsamfunnet til individer som er i ferd med å vokse opp og inn i fellesskapet. Gjennom trening får elevene nye innsikter, praktiserer sosiale relasjoner og bevisstgjøres i demokratiske prinsipper. I lys av samfunnsoppdraget er det ikke oppsiktsvekkende at skolen er en omdiskutert institusjon-heller ikke at frafall er en kilde til bekymring i det politiske ordskiftet. Elever som ikke vil, evner eller ser meningen med å fullføre skolen, representerer et brudd med normen-det etablerte sporet. Kaja Reegård PhD i sosiologi Nordisk institutt for studier av innovasjon, forskning og utdanning, NIFU Jon Rogstad Professor i sosiologi. Forskningsleder ved Institutt for arbeidslivs-og velferdsforskning, Fafo og professor ved NTNU
's books Making Democracy Work (1993) and Bowling Alone (2000) have been influential in promoting... more 's books Making Democracy Work (1993) and Bowling Alone (2000) have been influential in promoting the relevance of networks and norms of civic engagement. Within this tradition of research, civil society represents the fundamental sphere for creating social capital and thereby a high level of generalized trust with implications for democracy (Rothstein & Stolle, 2008; Rothstein & Uslaner, 2003; Wollebaek & Strømsnes, 2008). The empirical evidence of the suggested link between participation in voluntary organizations and level of trust, however, is neither wholly nor partly supported (Wollebaek & Segaard, 2012, p. 40). Despite all the interest that has been shown in social capital and the political and social merit many see in the perspective, the empirical data are not as obliging; we are not finding what we want to find. With regard to Norway, this cannot be explained by a generally low level of trust. On the contrary-similar to the rest of Scandinavia, Norway is depicted as a high-trust society, which means that people's confidence in each other and in society's institutions is very high. This is considered crucial because generalized trust-that is, trust in people with whom one is not familiar (Wollebaek, 2016)-is believed to motivate people to take an active part in democracy and in society more generally. Generalized trust is therefore a community cornerstone in terms of cohesion, coordination and solidarity. But if voluntary organizations do not appear to play the role expected of them theoretically, it is useful to ask whether other institutions could be pivotal in this respect. In the search for candidates, the labour market stands out as a particularly evident arena. In Norway, the substantive and socio-psychological significance of the labour market is understood in terms of the Norwegian model, which, briefly put, represents a compromise in the form of reciprocal bonds of trust between the government, employer and employee organizations and the public-all of which are expected to provide security and equal opportunity to every member of the population. The objective of this chapter is to investigate the significance of the workplace as an arena for generating social capital and thereby generalized trust. A workplace comprises a small system of people who meet on a regular basis and, to a certain extent, share a common goal. Consequently, the question in this chapter is whether Putnam's perspectives on the importance of face-to-face meetings in civil society should be expanded to include face-to face-meetings in the workplace. We ask: 'To what extent can the workplace be understood as a sphere for creating generalized trust?' This chapter is mainly empirical, but there are theoretical implications of the discussion to come. The empirical part of the chapter is based on interviews of young retail apprentices working on the shop floor-frequently depicted as atomized and alienated. As early
There is a widespread understanding that participation and integration are two sides of the same ... more There is a widespread understanding that participation and integration are two sides of the same coin. In this chapter we challenge this perception, and ask about the importance of different political regimes. The point of departure is a comparison between political participation among ethnic minorities and the respective native populations in Oslo and Stockholm. As Morales and Giugni write in the introductory chapter of this volume, there are at least three important strands in the literature trying to explain variation in political participation (see also Morales, 2009). First, there is the classic individual-level explanation stressing the importance of demographic and socio-economic factors. Second, there is the collective-level explanation highlighting factors such as associational involvement and informal networks. Third, there is the context-level explanation focusing on differences in the political opportunity structures at city and country levels.
ABSTRACT This article looks at the organizing processes of residents of Norway who have Turkish o... more ABSTRACT This article looks at the organizing processes of residents of Norway who have Turkish origins. It describes the distribution of Turkish organizations in Norway and discusses the different organizing processes of ethnic Turks and ethnics Kurds. It pays particular attention to the Turkish Youth Association, which has become politically relevant in Norwegian society.
Field experiments have proved productive in documenting the continuing relevance of race and ethn... more Field experiments have proved productive in documenting the continuing relevance of race and ethnicity in the shaping of opportunities in modern societies. However, methodological questions have been raised concerning the existence of unobservable variables and the subsequent danger of drawing inferences on a wrong basis. In this article, we address these debates and discuss a research strategy which to a large degree exceeds the challenges posed in the literature. By supplementing a correspondence test study with in-depth interviews with employers who were subjected to the fictitious job applicants in the experiment, we get access to the extent of discrimination in the labour market as well as to the mechanisms involved in discriminatory hiring practices. The design has several advantages compared to 'singlemethod' approaches and provides a more substantial understanding of the processes leading to ethnic inequality in the labour market.
Terrorist attacks are known to influence public opinion. But do they also change behaviour? We ad... more Terrorist attacks are known to influence public opinion. But do they also change behaviour? We address this question by comparing the results of two identical randomized field experiments on ethnic discrimination in hiring that we conducted in Oslo. The first experiment was conducted before the 2011 terrorist attacks in Norway; the second experiment was conducted after the attacks. In both experiments, applicants with a typical Pakistani name were significantly less likely to get a job interview compared to those with a typical Norwegian name. But the ethnic gap in call-back rates were very similar in the two experiments. Thus, Pakistanis in Norway still experienced the same level of discrimination, despite claims that Norwegians have become more positive about migrants after the far-right, anti-migrant terrorist attacks of 2011.
This article investigates the process of re-enrolling young people who have dropped
out of schoo... more This article investigates the process of re-enrolling young people who have dropped out of school. Drawing on an analytical framework that integrates perspectives on resilience and belonging, the study explores the potential of at-risk youth to overcome challenges and complete their upper secondary education. A crucial aspect of facilitating their reintegration is establishing a sense of belonging. The data comprise in-depth interviews and observations involving 41 young participants in a flexible learning arena over a period of three years. The analytical design is based on a thematic analysis, where questions mainly initiated the narratives from the participants themselves. The findings show that dropouts can be reintegrated into a flexible learning arena within the school system. Furthermore, this re-enrolment initiative acts as a catalyst, reigniting participants’ sense of mastery. However, the pivotal factor lies in creating an environment that fosters a renewed sense of belonging to peers and the school.
Betydningen av kvaliteten på skole-hjem-samarbeidet i tilrettelegging for et inkluderende skolemi... more Betydningen av kvaliteten på skole-hjem-samarbeidet i tilrettelegging for et inkluderende skolemiljø "School refusal does not belong to school alone" The importance of the quality of school-home cooperation in facilitating an inclusive school environment
Betydningen av kvaliteten på skole-hjem-samarbeidet i tilrettelegging for et inkluderende skolemi... more Betydningen av kvaliteten på skole-hjem-samarbeidet i tilrettelegging for et inkluderende skolemiljø "School refusal does not belong to school alone" The importance of the quality of school-home cooperation in facilitating an inclusive school environment
Political participation of immigrant groups can be considered a key value of multicultural democr... more Political participation of immigrant groups can be considered a key value of multicultural democracy. Furthermore, networks among (ethnic) voluntary associations play a crucial role in the formation of civil society because they create permanent communication channels between different organizations. The central research questions of the paper are: to what degree do ethnic groups politically participate and to what degree do they trust local political institutions? What kind of relationship do we find between civil society, political behavior and political attitudes among ethnic minorities? A proposed relationship between civil society and political behavior and political attitudes has been the subject of a long research tradition. It originated from the work of Alexis de Tocqueville and has more recently been given a new impulse by the work of Robert Putnam (1993, 1995). However, it has scarcely been applied in the context of multicultural societies. The data used in the paper is based on a quantitative survey of 1200 informants with ethnic background from Pakistan, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Turkey or Norway. In addition we have conducted a small-scale survey among local and nations immigrants associations in Norway.
Rapporten er skrevet på oppdrag fra Naeringslivets hovedorganisasjon. Det har vaert satt av et må... more Rapporten er skrevet på oppdrag fra Naeringslivets hovedorganisasjon. Det har vaert satt av et månedsverk til prosjektet. Takk til kritiske kommentarer og konstruktive innspill fra Jan Kåre Berglid, Baard Meidell Johannesen og Kenneth Stien ved NHO, samt Grete Brochmann og Fredrik Engelstad ved Institutt for samfunnsforskning.
Lojalitet i spill Eierskap i implementering av et matematikkdidaktisk tiltak i Oslo-skolen Temaet... more Lojalitet i spill Eierskap i implementering av et matematikkdidaktisk tiltak i Oslo-skolen Temaet for artikkelen er betydningen av lojalitet overfor implementeringen av et matematikkdidaktisk tiltak i ungdomsskoler og videregående skoler i Oslo. Matematikklaerere kurses i didaktiske verktøy og gir elever som presterer svakt i matematikk, tilrettelagt undervisning. Basert på intervjuer med og spørreundersøkelser til rektorer og laerere analyseres endringen, fra det første tiltaksåret preget av motstand, til det andre året preget av engasjement og motivasjon for tiltaket. Artikkelen diskuterer hvordan indrestyrte prosesser og ytrestyrte forhold virker inn på tiltakslojalitet, og at dette er en prosess som krever tid. Nøkkelord Implementering, lojalitet, matematikktiltak, program for bedre gjennomføring i videregående opplaering Skolen er samfunnets baerebjelke og borgernes viktigste treningssenter. Det er en arena hvor kunnskaper og normer koordineres og overføres fra storsamfunnet til individer som er i ferd med å vokse opp og inn i fellesskapet. Gjennom trening får elevene nye innsikter, praktiserer sosiale relasjoner og bevisstgjøres i demokratiske prinsipper. I lys av samfunnsoppdraget er det ikke oppsiktsvekkende at skolen er en omdiskutert institusjon-heller ikke at frafall er en kilde til bekymring i det politiske ordskiftet. Elever som ikke vil, evner eller ser meningen med å fullføre skolen, representerer et brudd med normen-det etablerte sporet. Kaja Reegård PhD i sosiologi Nordisk institutt for studier av innovasjon, forskning og utdanning, NIFU Jon Rogstad Professor i sosiologi. Forskningsleder ved Institutt for arbeidslivs-og velferdsforskning, Fafo og professor ved NTNU
's books Making Democracy Work (1993) and Bowling Alone (2000) have been influential in promoting... more 's books Making Democracy Work (1993) and Bowling Alone (2000) have been influential in promoting the relevance of networks and norms of civic engagement. Within this tradition of research, civil society represents the fundamental sphere for creating social capital and thereby a high level of generalized trust with implications for democracy (Rothstein & Stolle, 2008; Rothstein & Uslaner, 2003; Wollebaek & Strømsnes, 2008). The empirical evidence of the suggested link between participation in voluntary organizations and level of trust, however, is neither wholly nor partly supported (Wollebaek & Segaard, 2012, p. 40). Despite all the interest that has been shown in social capital and the political and social merit many see in the perspective, the empirical data are not as obliging; we are not finding what we want to find. With regard to Norway, this cannot be explained by a generally low level of trust. On the contrary-similar to the rest of Scandinavia, Norway is depicted as a high-trust society, which means that people's confidence in each other and in society's institutions is very high. This is considered crucial because generalized trust-that is, trust in people with whom one is not familiar (Wollebaek, 2016)-is believed to motivate people to take an active part in democracy and in society more generally. Generalized trust is therefore a community cornerstone in terms of cohesion, coordination and solidarity. But if voluntary organizations do not appear to play the role expected of them theoretically, it is useful to ask whether other institutions could be pivotal in this respect. In the search for candidates, the labour market stands out as a particularly evident arena. In Norway, the substantive and socio-psychological significance of the labour market is understood in terms of the Norwegian model, which, briefly put, represents a compromise in the form of reciprocal bonds of trust between the government, employer and employee organizations and the public-all of which are expected to provide security and equal opportunity to every member of the population. The objective of this chapter is to investigate the significance of the workplace as an arena for generating social capital and thereby generalized trust. A workplace comprises a small system of people who meet on a regular basis and, to a certain extent, share a common goal. Consequently, the question in this chapter is whether Putnam's perspectives on the importance of face-to-face meetings in civil society should be expanded to include face-to face-meetings in the workplace. We ask: 'To what extent can the workplace be understood as a sphere for creating generalized trust?' This chapter is mainly empirical, but there are theoretical implications of the discussion to come. The empirical part of the chapter is based on interviews of young retail apprentices working on the shop floor-frequently depicted as atomized and alienated. As early
There is a widespread understanding that participation and integration are two sides of the same ... more There is a widespread understanding that participation and integration are two sides of the same coin. In this chapter we challenge this perception, and ask about the importance of different political regimes. The point of departure is a comparison between political participation among ethnic minorities and the respective native populations in Oslo and Stockholm. As Morales and Giugni write in the introductory chapter of this volume, there are at least three important strands in the literature trying to explain variation in political participation (see also Morales, 2009). First, there is the classic individual-level explanation stressing the importance of demographic and socio-economic factors. Second, there is the collective-level explanation highlighting factors such as associational involvement and informal networks. Third, there is the context-level explanation focusing on differences in the political opportunity structures at city and country levels.
ABSTRACT This article looks at the organizing processes of residents of Norway who have Turkish o... more ABSTRACT This article looks at the organizing processes of residents of Norway who have Turkish origins. It describes the distribution of Turkish organizations in Norway and discusses the different organizing processes of ethnic Turks and ethnics Kurds. It pays particular attention to the Turkish Youth Association, which has become politically relevant in Norwegian society.
Field experiments have proved productive in documenting the continuing relevance of race and ethn... more Field experiments have proved productive in documenting the continuing relevance of race and ethnicity in the shaping of opportunities in modern societies. However, methodological questions have been raised concerning the existence of unobservable variables and the subsequent danger of drawing inferences on a wrong basis. In this article, we address these debates and discuss a research strategy which to a large degree exceeds the challenges posed in the literature. By supplementing a correspondence test study with in-depth interviews with employers who were subjected to the fictitious job applicants in the experiment, we get access to the extent of discrimination in the labour market as well as to the mechanisms involved in discriminatory hiring practices. The design has several advantages compared to 'singlemethod' approaches and provides a more substantial understanding of the processes leading to ethnic inequality in the labour market.
Terrorist attacks are known to influence public opinion. But do they also change behaviour? We ad... more Terrorist attacks are known to influence public opinion. But do they also change behaviour? We address this question by comparing the results of two identical randomized field experiments on ethnic discrimination in hiring that we conducted in Oslo. The first experiment was conducted before the 2011 terrorist attacks in Norway; the second experiment was conducted after the attacks. In both experiments, applicants with a typical Pakistani name were significantly less likely to get a job interview compared to those with a typical Norwegian name. But the ethnic gap in call-back rates were very similar in the two experiments. Thus, Pakistanis in Norway still experienced the same level of discrimination, despite claims that Norwegians have become more positive about migrants after the far-right, anti-migrant terrorist attacks of 2011.
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Papers by Jon Rogstad
out of school. Drawing on an analytical framework that integrates perspectives
on resilience and belonging, the study explores the potential of at-risk youth to
overcome challenges and complete their upper secondary education. A crucial
aspect of facilitating their reintegration is establishing a sense of belonging. The data
comprise in-depth interviews and observations involving 41 young participants in a
flexible learning arena over a period of three years. The analytical design is based
on a thematic analysis, where questions mainly initiated the narratives from the
participants themselves. The findings show that dropouts can be reintegrated into
a flexible learning arena within the school system. Furthermore, this re-enrolment
initiative acts as a catalyst, reigniting participants’ sense of mastery. However,
the pivotal factor lies in creating an environment that fosters a renewed sense of
belonging to peers and the school.
out of school. Drawing on an analytical framework that integrates perspectives
on resilience and belonging, the study explores the potential of at-risk youth to
overcome challenges and complete their upper secondary education. A crucial
aspect of facilitating their reintegration is establishing a sense of belonging. The data
comprise in-depth interviews and observations involving 41 young participants in a
flexible learning arena over a period of three years. The analytical design is based
on a thematic analysis, where questions mainly initiated the narratives from the
participants themselves. The findings show that dropouts can be reintegrated into
a flexible learning arena within the school system. Furthermore, this re-enrolment
initiative acts as a catalyst, reigniting participants’ sense of mastery. However,
the pivotal factor lies in creating an environment that fosters a renewed sense of
belonging to peers and the school.