As technological tools find their way into the realms of conflict resolution, the field gains inc... more As technological tools find their way into the realms of conflict resolution, the field gains increased complexity. Until a few years ago, conflict resolution would only touch fields such as Psychology, Philosophy, Economy or Law. Now, it also touches a wide range of technological fields that go much further than communication technologies to include Artificial Intelligence and many of its sub-fields. This significantly expands the possible future directions of research which, at the same time, plunges the field in a certain degree of uncertainty. One must, nonetheless, bear in mind that such uncertainty, doubt and suspicion is natural in any revolution and that, at the time, it is a Technological Revolution that we are living. Thus, a significant focus should be placed on analyzing the work carried out so far by researchers and commercial providers in an attempt to draw conclusions that can better guide the future steps. Moreover, these future steps should be guided not only by the technical challenges or the improvement of performance but also by more abstract notions such as fairness and transparency, with a marked concern on ethics. Only this way can the support and trust of significant slices of the society be harnessed, fundamental for the successful implementation and active use of the type of tools described in this book.
Contextual factors allow us to fully grasp an event, situation, communication process or action. ... more Contextual factors allow us to fully grasp an event, situation, communication process or action. Frequently, the context in which an event takes place provides more valuable information than the event itself. This chapter addresses context and its importance from a general perspective and in the particular domain of conflict resolution. It describes many different contextual dimensions such as the verbal, social or cultural, pointing out the importance of each one to understand individuals’ actions. It then moves on to the address the recent field of Context-aware Computing: the vision of computers that are sensible to contextual cues, harness it and use such information to provide better services. Several context-aware solutions are described in this chapter that point out the range of application domains. However, no such application exists in the domain of conflict resolution. While the next chapters are dedicated do describing the components of such an application, this chapter ends with the enumeration of several contextual dimensions that are of relevance to fully describe a conflict and its resolution process.
ADCAIJ: Advances in Distributed Computing and Artificial Intelligence Journal, 2013
The prevalence of situations of medical error and defensive medicine in healthcare institutions i... more The prevalence of situations of medical error and defensive medicine in healthcare institutions is a great concern of the medical community. Clinical Practice Guidelines are regarded by most researchers as a way to mitigate theseoccurrences; however, there is a need to make them interactive, easier to update and to deploy. This paper provides a model for Computer-Interpretable Guidelines based on the generic tasks of the clinical process, devised to be included in the framework of a Clinical Decision Support System. Aiming to represent medical recommendations in a simple and intuitive way. Hence, this work proposes a knowledge representation formalism that uses an Extension to Logic Programming to handle incomplete information. This model is used to represent different cases of missing, conflicting and inexact information with the aid of a method to quantify its quality. The integration of the guideline model with the knowledge representation formalism yields a clinical decision mod...
Proceedings of the International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law, 2007
1. INTRODUCTION According to Portuguese Law (Decree 7/2004 article 33) the general rules on error... more 1. INTRODUCTION According to Portuguese Law (Decree 7/2004 article 33) the general rules on error in electronic contracting without human intervention will apply only in case of human error in programming (it will be applied the rules considered for human error in the ...
Abstract. In this paper we address the role of divergence and convergence in creative processes, ... more Abstract. In this paper we address the role of divergence and convergence in creative processes, and argue about the need to consider them in Computational Creativity research in the Genetic or Evolutionary Programming paradigm, being one´s goal the problem of ...
As technological tools find their way into the realms of conflict resolution, the field gains inc... more As technological tools find their way into the realms of conflict resolution, the field gains increased complexity. Until a few years ago, conflict resolution would only touch fields such as Psychology, Philosophy, Economy or Law. Now, it also touches a wide range of technological fields that go much further than communication technologies to include Artificial Intelligence and many of its sub-fields. This significantly expands the possible future directions of research which, at the same time, plunges the field in a certain degree of uncertainty. One must, nonetheless, bear in mind that such uncertainty, doubt and suspicion is natural in any revolution and that, at the time, it is a Technological Revolution that we are living. Thus, a significant focus should be placed on analyzing the work carried out so far by researchers and commercial providers in an attempt to draw conclusions that can better guide the future steps. Moreover, these future steps should be guided not only by the technical challenges or the improvement of performance but also by more abstract notions such as fairness and transparency, with a marked concern on ethics. Only this way can the support and trust of significant slices of the society be harnessed, fundamental for the successful implementation and active use of the type of tools described in this book.
Contextual factors allow us to fully grasp an event, situation, communication process or action. ... more Contextual factors allow us to fully grasp an event, situation, communication process or action. Frequently, the context in which an event takes place provides more valuable information than the event itself. This chapter addresses context and its importance from a general perspective and in the particular domain of conflict resolution. It describes many different contextual dimensions such as the verbal, social or cultural, pointing out the importance of each one to understand individuals’ actions. It then moves on to the address the recent field of Context-aware Computing: the vision of computers that are sensible to contextual cues, harness it and use such information to provide better services. Several context-aware solutions are described in this chapter that point out the range of application domains. However, no such application exists in the domain of conflict resolution. While the next chapters are dedicated do describing the components of such an application, this chapter ends with the enumeration of several contextual dimensions that are of relevance to fully describe a conflict and its resolution process.
ADCAIJ: Advances in Distributed Computing and Artificial Intelligence Journal, 2013
The prevalence of situations of medical error and defensive medicine in healthcare institutions i... more The prevalence of situations of medical error and defensive medicine in healthcare institutions is a great concern of the medical community. Clinical Practice Guidelines are regarded by most researchers as a way to mitigate theseoccurrences; however, there is a need to make them interactive, easier to update and to deploy. This paper provides a model for Computer-Interpretable Guidelines based on the generic tasks of the clinical process, devised to be included in the framework of a Clinical Decision Support System. Aiming to represent medical recommendations in a simple and intuitive way. Hence, this work proposes a knowledge representation formalism that uses an Extension to Logic Programming to handle incomplete information. This model is used to represent different cases of missing, conflicting and inexact information with the aid of a method to quantify its quality. The integration of the guideline model with the knowledge representation formalism yields a clinical decision mod...
Proceedings of the International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law, 2007
1. INTRODUCTION According to Portuguese Law (Decree 7/2004 article 33) the general rules on error... more 1. INTRODUCTION According to Portuguese Law (Decree 7/2004 article 33) the general rules on error in electronic contracting without human intervention will apply only in case of human error in programming (it will be applied the rules considered for human error in the ...
Abstract. In this paper we address the role of divergence and convergence in creative processes, ... more Abstract. In this paper we address the role of divergence and convergence in creative processes, and argue about the need to consider them in Computational Creativity research in the Genetic or Evolutionary Programming paradigm, being one´s goal the problem of ...
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