Papers by Katsumi Shigemura
Occurrence of infection following prostate biopsy procedures in Japan
Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy, 2014
We retrospectively investigated the incidence of genitourinary tract infection in 5895 patients w... more We retrospectively investigated the incidence of genitourinary tract infection in 5895 patients who underwent transrectal and/or transperineal prostate biopsy procedure between January and December 2011 at 46 institutions belonging to Japanese Research Group for Urinary Tract Infection (JRGU). The total rate of genitourinary tract infection after prostate biopsy was 0.76%, while that following transrectal procedure was 0.83% and following transperineal procedure was 0.57%, which were not significantly different. In contrast, febrile infection associated with a fever (≥38 °C) occurred significantly more frequently after transrectal (0.71%) than transperineal (0.16%) approach (P = 0.04). Notably, in infectious cases, Escherichia coli was most frequently isolated. Of the 9 E. coli strains isolated by urine culture, 6 (66.7%) produced extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and 7 (77.8%) showed levofloxacin resistance. Similarly, of 6 E. coli strains isolated by blood culture, 4 (66.7%) produced ESBL and 6 (100%) showed levofloxacin resistance. When the efficacy of antimicrobial prophylaxis (AMP) with levofloxacin for the patients undergoing transrectal or transperineal biopsy was compared between a single dose (500 mg) and that given for 2 or more days, no significant difference was observed for the rate of infection (transrectal: 0.82% vs. 1.04%, p = 0.94; transperineal: 0.30% vs. 0.46%, p = 0.68). Although a single dose of levofloxacin for AMP is sufficient to prevent genitourinary infection after transrectal or transperineal prostate biopsy, and recommended in this era of increased multi-drug resistant pathogens, the increase in fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli and ESBL-producing E. coli has emerged as a profound problem for surveillance.
MP41-15 Renal Function and Perioperative Outcomes of Selective Versus Complete Renal Arterial Clamping During Robot-Assisted Partial Nephrectomy Using Console-Integrated Real-Time Three-Dimensional Image Overlay Navigation
The Journal of Urology, 2016
J Infect Chemother, 2005
The number of resistant strains in patients with Neisseria gonorrhoeae urethritis has been increa... more The number of resistant strains in patients with Neisseria gonorrhoeae urethritis has been increasing, making effective treatment difficult. Chromosomally mediated penicillin-resistant N. gonorrhoeae arise through alterations in penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) and a decrease in outer membrane permeability.
K. ShigemuraT. ShirakawaH. OkadaK. TanakaS. KamidonoS. ArakawaA. Gotoh Rapid detection and differentiation of Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogenic bacteria in urine using TaqMan probe
Clin Exp Med, 2005
The Kobe Journal of Medical Sciences, 2011
Background: The purpose of this study is to investigate the occurrence of surgical site infection... more Background: The purpose of this study is to investigate the occurrence of surgical site infection (SSI) in our cases after laparoscopic surgery with prophylactic antibiotics administration (PAA) of 1-2 days or 3 days duration. Methods: Two hundred and nine patients were enrolled in this study. SSIs were categorized as urinary tract and/or wound infection. Laboratory data relating to infection such as serum white blood cell (WBC) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were investigated after surgeries and compared to the data before surgeries. Data were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Results: There were 4 SSI patients in total. SSI was 4/125 (3.2 %) cases of PAA of 1-2 days (shorter) duration patients and there was 0/84 (0 %) of PAA of 3 days (longer) duration. Longer group showed the tendency of lower SSI ratio even though the difference did not reach statistically significant (p=0.0978) because of small number of SSI cases and ratios. Change of serum WBC at 4 th day from pre-surgery was significantly suppressed in longer group than shorter group. Conclusions: Our data showed 3-days of PAA might be better to be selected according to the cases especially such as, for instance, immune-compromised hosts. Future prospective study with more number of patients may be necessary for further evaluation.
Development of multiplex PCR for rapid identification of four Salmonella serovars most commonly isolated in Japan
The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, May 1, 2014
More than 2,500 serovars of Salmonella species have been reported to date. A multiplex-PCR method... more More than 2,500 serovars of Salmonella species have been reported to date. A multiplex-PCR method was developed and evaluated for discriminating the four Salmonella enterica subsp enterica serovars, namely, S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium, S. Thompson and S. Infantis, most commonly isolated in Japan. Twenty-two serovars of 84 Salmonella strains and 7 species of non-Salmonella strains were evaluated using primer pairs specific for the detection of Salmonella spp. Multiplex PCR generated, with 100% specificity, the expected amplicon of 333, 413, 551 and 658 bp of S. Enteritidis, S. Infantis, S. Typhimurium, and S. Thompson, respectively, while an additional non-specific amplicon (about 1,000 bp) was observed for S. Infantis, but it had no practical impact in the bacterial detection. This multiplex PCR assay can be applied to identify and discriminate clinically significant strains of Salmonella serovars rapidly and accurately without the need for serological examination.
J Infect Chemother, 2007
Usefulness and problems of the urinary tract infection criteria for evaluating drug effi cacy for... more Usefulness and problems of the urinary tract infection criteria for evaluating drug effi cacy for complicated urinary tract infections of treatment were separately classifi ed as "failed" at the late evaluation. Of the 49 patients with an excellent clinical response at the end of treatment, symptoms were exacerbated in 18 at the follow-up evaluation. Overall, the draft fourth edition, with some modifi cations of the third edition criteria, such as the addition of a follow-up evaluation 7 days after the cessation of drug administration, has the potential to play a role in the international standards for evaluating antimicrobial drug effi cacy for complicated urinary tract infections.
History and Epidemiology of Antibiotic Susceptibilities of Neisseria Gonorrhoeae
Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a common causative microorganism of male urethritis. The most important ... more Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a common causative microorganism of male urethritis. The most important problem with this infectious disease is antibiotic resistance. For instance, in the 1980's-1990's, most studies showed almost 100 % susceptibility of N. gonorrhoeae to the representative cephalosporins, cefixime and cefpodoxime. By the late 1990s, the reported susceptibility decreased to 93.3-100 % and further decreased to 82.9-100 % in the early 2000's. However, reported susceptibility was revived to 95.8-100 % in the late 2000's to 2010's. The susceptibility of N. gonorrhoeae to penicillins varied in different countries and regions. A 2002 Japanese study showed a resistance ratio of about 30% and while Laos, China and Korea showed 80-100 % resistance. Fluoroquinolones have shown a dramatic change in their effect on N. gonorrhoeae. In the early 1990's, 0.3-1.3 % of N. gonorrhoeae showed low susceptibility or resistance to ciprofloxacin in the US but this figure jumped to 9.5 % by 1999. In Asia, N. gonorrhoeae ciprofloxacin resistance or lower susceptibility was about 80-90 % in the early 2000's and this trend continues to the present day. Azithromycin is currently the possible last weapon for N. gonorrhoeae treatment per oral administration. The susceptibility of N. gonorrhoeae to azithromycin was 100 % in Indonesia in 2004 and the latest study from Germany showed 6 % resistance in strains from 2010-2011. This review summarizes the history and epidemiology of N. gonorrhoeae antibiotic susceptibilities, for which the most frequently used antibiotics vary between countries or regions.
Bilateral Emphysematous Pyelonephritis Cured by Antibiotics Alone: a Case and Literature Review
Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases, May 1, 2009
Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) is a rare but severe infectious disease. This disease sometime... more Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) is a rare but severe infectious disease. This disease sometimes presents bilaterally, making it difficult to cure. Diabetes mellitus is a common cofactor in this disease. Drainage or nephrectomy, often combined with antibiotics, is ordinarily used for treatment. To our knowledge, only 8 cases of bilateral EPN cured by antibiotics alone have been reported. We report the case of an 86-year-old woman with bilateral EPN cured by antibiotic therapy alone, thus avoiding surgery or drainage in a frail elderly patient.
Surgical Site Infections May Be Reduced by Shorter Duration of Prophylactic Antibiotic Medication in Urological Surgeries
Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases, Nov 1, 2009
In this study, we investigated whether the occurrence of surgical site infection (SSI) could be d... more In this study, we investigated whether the occurrence of surgical site infection (SSI) could be decreased by a shorter duration of prophylactic antibiotic medications. Prophylactic antibiotic selection was a 1st or 2nd generation cephalosporin or sulbactam/ampicillin for 2 days for open surgery, laparoscopic surgery, transurethral lithotripsy (TUL), and transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) as a rule, and 1 day for transurethral surgery other than TUL and for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). The kind of prophylactic antibiotics used was switched every 4 months in a year. Three patients had SSI out of the total 389 surgeries included in this study (0.77%). One had pyelonephritis after ESWL, one had urinary tract infection (UTI) after transurethral cutting and coagulation of bladder diverticulum, and one had UTI after TURP. There was no significant difference related to the kind of antibiotics used. However, the SSI occurrence was significantly lower than in the control group in which no definite intervention was performed with longer trends of prophylactic antibiotic usage (14/362, 3.87%) (P=0.0111). In conclusion, we performed 389 urological surgeries with significantly decreased SSI rates using a shorter duration of prophylactic antibiotic medications than in the control group. The results indicate that this method might reduce the occurrence of SSI in urological surgeries.
[Bladder stone formation following radical retropubic prostatectomy: a report of 2 cases]
Hinyokika Kiyo Acta Urologica Japonica, Feb 1, 2011
We report 2 cases of bladder stone formation after radical retropubic prostatectomy (RPP). Case 1... more We report 2 cases of bladder stone formation after radical retropubic prostatectomy (RPP). Case 1 is a 68-year-old man who complained of macrohematuria at the time of 10 months after RRP. Case 2 is a 62- year-old man who complained of urethralgia at 9 months after RRP. In both cases, bladder stones were diagnosed after cystoscopic examination and then removed by transurethral lithotripsy. They had no history of urinary tract stone formation. The performance of RRP is considered one of the main causes of their bladder stone formation.
The Kobe Journal of the Medical Sciences, 2010
Transurethral lithotripsy (TUL) is a common procedure in urology. However, controversy persists a... more Transurethral lithotripsy (TUL) is a common procedure in urology. However, controversy persists about how to deal with stones pushed up into kidney from the ureter during the procedure of TUL. This study investigated the efficacy of combining flexible ureteroscopy and rigid ureteroscopy for pushed-up stones into kidney during TUL. Fotry-one patients underwent TUL by a single surgeon from July 2007 to May 2009. Eight cases resulted in pushed-up stones during operation or involved existing kidney stones. We used a Zero-tip ® or Litho Catch Basket ® catheter and a flexible ureteroscope to carry these stones in kidney down into the ureter where the rigid ureteroscope could then reach and handle the stone for lithotripsy or being taken away. A Lithoclast ® system was used for lithotripsy. Five cases involved stones pushed up during surgery and 3 cases involved stones already in the kidney in detail. We pulled the stones down into the ureter in all cases and successfully completed lithotripsy or removed the stone, thus avoiding the performance of additional extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). In conclusions, combined use of flexible ureteroscopy and rigid ureteroscopy for upper urinary tract stones pushed up into the kidney during TUL or renal stones could be useful for avoiding additional ESWL.
Significance of fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli in urinary tract infections
Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases, May 1, 2008
Antibiotic-resistant urinary tract infections (UTIs) are on the rise. We investigated the recent ... more Antibiotic-resistant urinary tract infections (UTIs) are on the rise. We investigated the recent emergence of representative resistant strains in patients diagnosed with UTIs at Kobe University Hospital between 2000 and 2006, focusing on resistant strains isolated from the urine of UTI patients, especially fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli (FQRE), multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDRP), and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). We found 16 MDRP, 108 FQRE, and 251 MRSA UTI cases, reflecting a significant increase in the incidence of FQRE. Our data demonstrated that isolated ratios of FQRE rose as much as 26.3% in 2006 and that there were significantly more isolated cases in 2003 - 2006 than in 2000 - 2002. The data show a significant trend toward FQRE emergence. This trend should be considered when treating UTI.
Rapid detection of and mutations in fluoroquinolone-resistant by denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography
J Microbiol Meth, 2004
The Journal of Urology, Apr 1, 2008
The Kobe Journal of the Medical Sciences, 2012
The objective of this study is to investigate and compare the sensitivity in conventional PCR, qu... more The objective of this study is to investigate and compare the sensitivity in conventional PCR, quantitative real time PCR, nested PCR and western blots for detection of prostate cancer tumor markers using prostate cancer (PCa) cells. We performed conventional PCR, quantitative real time PCR, nested PCR, and western blots using 5 kinds of PCa cells. Prostate specific antigen (PSA), prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA), and androgen receptor (AR) were compared for their detection sensitivity by real time PCR and nested PCR. In real time PCR, there was a significant correlation between cell number and the RNA concentration obtained (R 2 =0.9944) for PSA, PSMA, and AR. We found it possible to detect these markers from a single LNCaP cell in both real time and nested PCR. By comparison, nested PCR reached a linear curve in fewer PCR cycles than real time PCR, suggesting that nested PCR may offer PCR results more quickly than real time PCR. In conclusion, nested PCR may offer tumor maker detection in PCa cells more quickly (with fewer PCR cycles) with the same high sensitivity as real time PCR. Further study is necessary to establish and evaluate the best tool for PCa tumor marker detection.
SREBP-2 promotes stem cell-like properties and metastasis by transcriptional activation of c-Myc in prostate cancer
Oncotarget, Jan 11, 2016
Sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2 (SREBP-2) transcription factor mainly controls choles... more Sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2 (SREBP-2) transcription factor mainly controls cholesterol biosynthesis and homeostasis in normal cells. The role of SREBP-2 in lethal prostate cancer (PCa) progression remains to be elucidated. Here, we showed that expression of SREBP-2 was elevated in advanced pathologic grade and metastatic PCa and significantly associated with poor clinical outcomes. Biofunctional analyses demonstrated that SREBP-2 induced PCa cell proliferation, invasion and migration. Furthermore, overexpression of SREBP-2 increased the PCa stem cell population, prostasphere-forming ability and tumor-initiating capability, whereas genetic silencing of SREBP-2 inhibited PCa cell growth, stemness, and xenograft tumor growth and metastasis. Clinical and mechanistic data showed that SREBP-2 was positively correlated with c-Myc and induced c-Myc activation by directly interacting with an SREBP-2-binding element in the 5'-flanking c-Myc promoter region to drive stemnes...
Comparison of Naftopidil 75 mg with Tamsulosin Hydrochloride 0.2 mg in the Treatment of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Lower urinary tract symptoms, 2012
To compare the efficacy of two α1 -adrenoceptor antagonists, α1D -adrenoceptor-selective naftopid... more To compare the efficacy of two α1 -adrenoceptor antagonists, α1D -adrenoceptor-selective naftopidil (Naf) 75 mg and α1A -adrenoceptor-selective tamsulosin hydrochloride (Tam) 0.2 mg, for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Seventy-seven patients with LUTS secondary to BPH were enrolled. Data were gathered from patients retrospectively: 41 patients who were prescribed Naf 75 mg for 4 weeks and 36 patients who were prescribed Tam 0.2 mg for 4 weeks, respectively. The efficacy criteria were improvement in LUTS International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and quality of life (QOL) scores after dosing. Naf 75 mg significantly improved symptoms in all 11 categories (overall IPSS, incomplete emptying, voiding symptoms [Intermittency, poor flow and straining], storage symptoms [daytime frequency, urgency and nocturia frequency], QOL index, intermittency, poor flow, straining, daytime frequency, urgency, and nocturia frequency) ...
CD-163 correlated with symptoms (pain or discomfort) of prostatic inflammation
International journal of clinical and experimental pathology, 2015
The purpose of this study is to identify significant immune-system related for symptom of patient... more The purpose of this study is to identify significant immune-system related for symptom of patients with prostatic inflammation in order to investigate the etiology of prostatic inflammation which may relate to potentially chronic prostatitis (CP). We investigated the expression of immune system-related biomarkers such as Interleukin (IL) -6 (humoral immunity), CD-3 (T-lymphocyte), and CD-163 (macrophage) in prostate biopsy (PBx) specimens from patients with prostatic inflammation (without cancer) which had been neither clinically diagnosed benign prostatic hyperplasia nor chronic prostatitis. We examined the correlation between these markers' expressions and the symptom scores using the National Institutes of Health-Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI), International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS)/quality of life (QOL) which are the index for lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Our results showed CD-163 (macrophage) reflected pain or discomfort on NIH-CPSI scores (P=0.03...
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Papers by Katsumi Shigemura