Research Papers by Kelly Kaufhold
Abstract: This study compares the effects of consuming news preference online or offline on polit... more Abstract: This study compares the effects of consuming news preference online or offline on political participation. It also examines the variation in these effects between young and older adults. Given that young adults are disproportionately more intensive users of the Internet, Internet use may have varying effects on people’s political participation by their age. Secondary analysis of Pew data found that people’s preference for consuming news online versus offline explains a significant portion of variance of political participation, both online and offline. More importantly, the effects of online media preference were significantly stronger for young adults than for their older counterparts. These findings suggest that a preference for news online matters far more for younger adults than for older adults, and that the Internet may indeed be narrowing the participation gap between age groups.
Papers by Kelly Kaufhold
IGI Global eBooks, 2019
This article applied uses and gratifications to investigate motivations for posting Snapchat vide... more This article applied uses and gratifications to investigate motivations for posting Snapchat videos to identify whether journalistic norms inform Snapchat behavior. This study revealed that information sharing, entertainment, recognition, and self-expression motives were related to Snapchat video use; professional journalistic practices were not. Findings suggest that Snapchat video is used primarily for entertainment, rather than journalism among users. Given the robust increase by legacy news outlets in Snapchat Discover, the findings are timely and relevant.
International Journal of Interactive Communication Systems and Technologies
This study examined the role of social media in activating civic engagement and political partici... more This study examined the role of social media in activating civic engagement and political participation among Nigerian citizens by age. It used a substantial secondary data set from the Afrobarometer Index (N=45,823 from 34 African countries; N=1,600 respondents across Nigeria) to examine the relationship between getting news via social media, and how it predicted civic engagement and political participation. Consuming news on social media significantly predicted civic engagement with family and neighbors and increased political participation from contacting a government official to joining a political party to voting. Young Nigerians were the most likely to get news via social media but the least likely to vote.
International Journal on Media Management, 2021
ABSTRACT More than 20 years into newspapers’ digital experiment, most are still struggling in sea... more ABSTRACT More than 20 years into newspapers’ digital experiment, most are still struggling in search of a business model while digital revenue remains a fraction of total revenue. To examine the sustainability of digital journalism, this study assesses the top 50 U.S. newspapers’ digital readership with the Multidimensional Web Attention Model. Empirical analyses using Nielsen and Comscore data identified problems with newspapers’ online readership across multiple dimensions (reach, popularity, loyalty, depth, and stickiness). Seven-day market reach is around 13%. Popularity varies but loyalty is low across the board – an average user makes no more than three visits a month (M = 2.53). Depth and stickiness are also underwhelming, with about two pages viewed per visit (M = 2.21) and slightly more than one minute spent on a page (M = 1.18). While local papers do not benefit from the economies of scale, national newspapers, despite more resources, outperform their local counterparts only on the popularity dimension. Mobile users constitute the majority but fall short on loyalty and depth. Users aged 18–24 remain a small portion of the newspaper audience. These findings parse out the industry-wide failure to engage online readers. At the core of newspapers’ digital sustainability problem is a readership that falls short in multiple ways.
This study seeks to understand how community newspaper editors negotiate the professional challen... more This study seeks to understand how community newspaper editors negotiate the professional challenges posed by citizen journalism—a phenomenon that, even in the abstract, would appear to undermine their gatekeeping control over content. Through interviews with 29 small-newspaper editors in Texas, we find that some editors either favor or disfavor the use of citizen journalism primarily on philosophical grounds, while others favor or disfavor its use mainly on practical grounds. This paper presents a mapping of these philosophical vs. practical concerns as a model for visualizing the conflicting impulses at the heart of a larger professional debate over the place and purpose of user-generated content. Moreover, these findings are viewed in light of gatekeeping, which, we argue, offers a welcome point of entry for the study of participatory media production as it evolves at news organizations large and small alike.
Gazetecilik uzun bir süre, bilgili ve siyasal katılımcı yurttaş 2 üreten bilgiye dayalı demokrasi... more Gazetecilik uzun bir süre, bilgili ve siyasal katılımcı yurttaş 2 üreten bilgiye dayalı demokrasinin 3 bir hizmeti olarak varlığını sürdürmüştür. Yine de Birleşik Devletler
Health communication, Jan 3, 2017
An important part in the effort to prevent, treat, and cure breast cancer is research done with h... more An important part in the effort to prevent, treat, and cure breast cancer is research done with healthy breast tissue. The Susan G. Komen for the Cure Tissue Bank at Indiana University Simon Cancer Center (KTB) encourages women to donate a small amount of healthy breast tissue and then provides that tissue to researchers studying breast cancer. Although KTB has a large donor base, the volume of tissue samples from Asian women is low despite prior marketing efforts to encourage donation among this population. This study builds on prior work promoting breast cancer screenings among Asian women by applying constructs from the Health Belief Model (HBM) and the Integrated Behavioral Model (IBM) to investigate why Asian-American women are less inclined to donate their healthy breast tissue than non-Asian women and how this population may be motivated to donate in the future. A national online survey (N = 1,317) found Asian women had significantly lower perceived severity, some lower perce...
Newspaper Research Journal, 2014
An analysis of Pew Center survey data from 2002 to 2010 finds young adults continue to lag behind... more An analysis of Pew Center survey data from 2002 to 2010 finds young adults continue to lag behind other adults in reading news, even when it is online. While nine of 10 young adults are likely to be online, the oldest Americans (65+) are more likely to follow news online.
International Journal on Media Management, 2012
ABSTRACT The diffusion and evolution of the Internet has been mirrored by an evolving science of ... more ABSTRACT The diffusion and evolution of the Internet has been mirrored by an evolving science of how to measure traffic online. However, after many years of development, Web publishers and online advertisers still find the current metrics are not adequately integrated to provide a holistic picture of audience attention on the Web. This study proposes a conceptual model for measuring attention on the Web on 5 dimensions at 5 different levels of analysis: visibility (share per market), popularity (unique audience per site), loyalty (visits per person), depth (pages per visit), and stickiness (time per page). An empirical analysis of major news and information sites' traffic data identifies distinct attention patterns characterizing different types of Web sites. For example, news portals and television news sites enjoyed the most popularity. Portals and weather sites scored the highest on loyalty. Magazine sites spurred deeper visits (more pages), and weather sites outperformed other sites in terms of stickiness on a per-page basis. This model promises to be commodiously valuable for assessing a Web site's performance on all distinct dimensions of audience attention, selecting the right metrics by which to gauge performance against competitors, and by establishing benchmarks by which that performance can be quantified.
What is the future of news? That question takes on greater urgency with each passing year, and ha... more What is the future of news? That question takes on greater urgency with each passing year, and has triggered no shortage of controversy among journalists, scholars, and the public — some warning of serious journalism's imminent demise as traditional business models collapse, others anticipating its rebirth as networked citizens participate in the news process. What remains clear is that in our media shift from analog to digital, from one-way to increasingly many-to-many forms of communication, we need to rethink much of what we know about journalism — who produces it, under what conditions, and with what kind of impact in society. The Future of News: An Agenda of Perspectives attempts to bring some order to the cacophony of opinions about journalism's future. • Tries to synthesize the key trends, patterns, and practices that are reshaping news in the digital age, through contributions from seasoned journalists and expert academics. • Outlines the promise and perils of today's media environment, which features increased opportunities for citizen engagement through social networks and cheap digital tools as well as spiraling declines in news consumption and challenging conditions for professional journalists. • Doesn't predict the future, but rather sets forth an agenda of observations and questions to guide our thinking in this new age of journalism.
This study compares the effects of consuming news preference online or offline on political parti... more This study compares the effects of consuming news preference online or offline on political participation. It also examines the variation in these effects between young and older adults. Given that young adults are disproportionately more intensive users of the Internet, Internet use may have varying effects on people's political participation by their age. Secondary analysis of Pew data found that people's preference for consuming news online versus offline explains a significant portion of variance of political participation, both online and offline. More importantly, the effects of online media preference were significantly stronger for young adults than for their older counterparts. These findings suggest that a preference for news online matters far more for younger adults than for older adults, and that the Internet may indeed be narrowing the participation gap between age groups.
Newspaper Research Journal, 2010
Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 2010
The contribution of professional journalism to democratic citizenship is well-established, but th... more The contribution of professional journalism to democratic citizenship is well-established, but the proliferation of online user-generated news begs the question of whether citizen journalism plays a similar role. Use and trust of both professional and citizen journalism were investigated for their associations with political knowledge and participation. User-generated journalism was negatively related with knowledge of national political figures, but strongly and positively associated with higher levels of online and offline participation; professional news media produced gains in knowledge and offline participation. Trust in user-generated news amplified the link between citizen journalism and online participation.
Two surveys, including an original survey and a survey containing substantial secondary data, fou... more Two surveys, including an original survey and a survey containing substantial secondary data, found substantial links between party identity, selective media exposure and attitudes on immigration. Republicans were significantly more likely to segregate themselves to like-minded media and to avoid traditional objective sources like national and local newspapers, local and national broadcast television news. Border-state residency failed to moderate attitudes about immigration; differences were found between local and national media. Finally, Republican support for immigration fell between 2016 and 2018, after the election of President Trump.
Newspaper Research Journal
Newspaper Research Journal
Controversies over racism and xenophobia during and after the campaign of President Donald Trump ... more Controversies over racism and xenophobia during and after the campaign of President Donald Trump contributed to big increases in media consumption—and racist incidents. This study examines whether and how much news media consumption mitigates perceptions of 12 measures of attitudes about race and immigration, using a national instrument of 64,600 cases. Selective exposure played an outsized role in media consumption during this election cycle and was highly predictive of partisan attitudes, which predicted attitudes on race and immigration. News media use—especially newspaper use—does soften attitudes about race and immigration, although it is not as predictive as party identification.
International Journal of Interactive Communication Systems and Technologies
This article applied uses and gratifications to investigate motivations for posting Snapchat vide... more This article applied uses and gratifications to investigate motivations for posting Snapchat videos to identify whether journalistic norms inform Snapchat behavior. This study revealed that information sharing, entertainment, recognition, and self-expression motives were related to Snapchat video use; professional journalistic practices were not. Findings suggest that Snapchat video is used primarily for entertainment, rather than journalism among users. Given the robust increase by legacy news outlets in Snapchat Discover, the findings are timely and relevant.
International Journal of Interactive Communication Systems and Technologies, 2014
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Research Papers by Kelly Kaufhold
Papers by Kelly Kaufhold
Will it be defined by a declining legacy media; the diminution of important journalism like international reporting; the end of whole disciplines like photojournalism and investigative reporting? Or will the old be replaced by robust new ways of learning and sharing the news, like participatory journalism, ambitious freelancing, and news satire? What’s clear is that the shift from analog to digital is more than just technological—it is a rift between eras. Reporting has evolved from one-way to many-to-many; from exclusive and expensive to accessible and cheap. The ability to create and share news is now handheld and ubiquitous.
But it would be a grave mistake to forget the fundamental role of news—to nourish an informed democracy. As Thomas Jefferson noted in 1789, “Whenever the people are well-informed, they can be trusted with their own government.” With that in mind, our task in this second edition of The Future of News is to explore whether today’s news is intellectually closer to broccoli … or bon bons.
In this edition of The Future of News: An Agenda of Perspectives we examine:
• The tension—and congruence—between legacy and new media and the evolving economic models of both.
What the lessons of the past can teach us about the future of news.
• The journalistic value and importance of international reporting and quality photojournalism, and how they’re compromised by declining budgets.
• The virtual explosion in the amount of information now available and why today’s mandate is less about the availability of information and more about curating the right information.
Left, right and center—a debate on the impact of media fragmentation on the quality and credibility of news.
• How social media creates an opportunity for an ever-more satisfying and engaging user experience with news.
• Some really different ways of thinking about information, including the blurring line between journalism and satire—and the value of games in news.
Join us as we share the perspectives of seasoned journalists, highly trained academics, and new media visionaries as they explore and predict the Future of News.
Biography
Kelly Kaufhold, Amber Willard Hinsley and Seth C. Lewis are former journalists with years of experience at news organizations including the Los Angeles Times and the Miami Herald. Kelly is an assistant professor in the College of Mass Communications at Texas Tech University; Amber is an assistant professor in the Department of Communication at Saint Louis University; Seth is an assistant professor in the School of Journalism & Mass Communication at the University of Minnesota.
The Future of News: An Agenda of Perspectives attempts to bring some order to the cacophony of opinions about journalism's future.
• Tries to synthesize the key trends, patterns, and practices that are reshaping news in the digital age, through contributions from seasoned journalists and expert academics.
• Outlines the promise and perils of today's media environment, which features increased opportunities for citizen engagement through social networks and cheap digital tools as well as spiraling declines in news consumption and challenging conditions for professional journalists.
• Doesn't predict the future, but rather sets forth an agenda of observations and questions to guide our thinking in this new age of journalism.