Papers by Leonardo Chiatti
Particles, 2024
A little-known thermomechanical relation between entropy and action, originally discovered by Bol... more A little-known thermomechanical relation between entropy and action, originally discovered by Boltzmann in the classical domain, was later reconsidered by de Broglie in relation to the wave-particle duality in the free propagation of single particles. In this paper we present a version adapted to the phenomenological description of the hadronization process. The substantial diffe-rence with respect to the original de Broglie scheme is represented by the universality of the tem-perature at which the process occurs; this, in fact, coincides with the Hagedorn temperature. The main results are: 1) a clear connection between the universality of the temperature and the existence of a confinement radius of the color forces; 2) a lower bound on the hadronic mass, represented by the universal temperature, in agreement with experimental data; 3) a scale invariance which allows the reproduction of the well-known hadronic mass spectrum solution of the statistical bootstrap model. The approach therefore presents a heuristic interest connected to the study of the strong interaction.
Entropy, 2024
From 1948 until around 1965, Louis de Broglie, awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1929 for hi... more From 1948 until around 1965, Louis de Broglie, awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1929 for his fundamental contributions to quantum theory, pursued a systematic study of the formal analogies between wave mechanics and the thermomechanics of Boltzmann and Helmholtz. As part of this line of research he produced several interesting observations, which were however published only in French, and therefore had a very limited diffusion. Here we reconsider, in particular, a result of his relating to the analogy between the internal clock (de Broglie phase) of a free particle and a cyclic isothermal process in a thermomechanical system. We show that the fundamental equivalence obtained by him can be derived under more convenient hypotheses than the original ones, essentially tied to the quantization of the action exchanged by the particle with a suitable thermostat. In this emended formulation, the relations proposed by de Broglie describe the emergence of the particle proper time from a thermal background. They also suggests a specific physical meaning of the Wick rotation, often used in quantum mechanical calculations, and the thermal time that appears in it.
Quantum Reports, 2024
Two distinct measures of information, connected respectively to the amplitude and phase of the wa... more Two distinct measures of information, connected respectively to the amplitude and phase of the wave function of a particle, are proposed. There are relations between the time derivatives of these two measures and their gradients on the configuration space, which are equivalent to the wave equation. The information related to the amplitude measures the strength of the potential coupling of the particle (which is itself aspatial) with each volume of its configuration space, i.e., its tendency to participate in an interaction localized in a region of ordinary physical space corresponding to that volume. The information connected to the phase is that required to obtain the time evolution of the particle as a persistent entity starting from a random succession of bits. It can be considered as the information provided by conservation principles. The meaning of the so-called “quantum potential” in this context is briefly discussed.
The inertial drag on Cooper pairs in a rotating rf-SQUID ring leads to an asymmetry in the Hamilt... more The inertial drag on Cooper pairs in a rotating rf-SQUID ring leads to an asymmetry in the Hamiltonian potential able to modify the tunnelling dynamics. This effect is a Sagnac signature of Cooper pairs at a quantum level and it may probe the Mach effect influence on the wavefunction collapse.
SpringerBriefs in physics, 2017
Einstein equations are generalized for de Sitter 5-dimensional space, and their local projections... more Einstein equations are generalized for de Sitter 5-dimensional space, and their local projections (PGR), with some important cosmological considerations, are studied.
I read this article with genuine interest and I must say that, apart from a small correction in m... more I read this article with genuine interest and I must say that, apart from a small correction in my opinion necessary, which I will discuss shortly, it seems to me to be well argued and well written. However, I disagree conceptually with the author's views, and with the conclusions he draws from his reasoning. Let us first consider the small correction. In the Introduction it is stated that: "When the gas has spread out evenly in the room, the room is in thermal equilibrium with the gas molecules. Thus, it seems to be the case that systems, which are left to themselves, tend to evolve in time in such a way that they reach thermal equilibrium. From the statistical mechanical point of view, thermal equilibrium happens when all possible microstates are equally probable." Actually, the assumption underlying the definition of entropy represented by Equation (23) is that all microstates have the same prior probability. This hypothesis, called the "molecular chaos", is different from the state of thermal equilibrium. It is possible to realize this
Physica Medica, Feb 1, 2016
Introduction: The CT gross tumor volume (GTV) is the gold standard for target tumor delineation i... more Introduction: The CT gross tumor volume (GTV) is the gold standard for target tumor delineation in head and neck cancer (HNC) radio-treatments (RT). Nevertheless, CT images may not show the viable extension of tumors. Vice versa, FDG-PET provides functional information, offering the opportunity to radically change the patient treatment. In RT, within or without the GTV, it is possible to define the biological target volume (BTV) on PET image and to apply it to plan the radiotherapy treatment. BTV delineation is challenging because of the low spatial resolution and high noise level in PET images. For these reasons, BTV varies substantially depending on the algorithm used. In this study, a fast, accurate, and scanner independent BTV segmentation method is proposed. Materials and Methods: The Random Walks (RW) method provides a target recognition in images in which the start seeds are specified by the user. An enhanced RW algorithm with automatic seed detection and with an adaptive probability threshold value, instead of the fixed one of the original RW method, is introduced. The proposed method has the benefit to make the algorithm not subjective and to take into account the intensity changes between slices along the tumor volume. Phantom experiments are performed to estimate the BTV segmentation accuracy. The same algorithm is then applied in 15 HNC patients to assess its clinical feasibility. BTV changes between pre and post RT are also evaluated. Results: High dice similarity coefficients (>85%) and true positive volume fractions (>87%), and low Hausdorff distance values (<3 mm) confirm the method accuracy. In addition, the method has real-time performance (0.3 sec) and it meets the physician's requirements in a RT environment. Conclusions: The proposed method is very powerful in terms of BTV segmentation and time performance, and it may be used daily as a medical decision support system to enhance the current methodology performed by healthcare operators in RT.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2018
Medical procedures where real-time X-ray imaging is needed have rapidly increased in number in th... more Medical procedures where real-time X-ray imaging is needed have rapidly increased in number in the past decades. Consequently, the personnel dosimetry for medical staff has become more important, also in light of the revision of worker safety regulations. Detailed knowledge of the dose-rate is needed to reduce the total absorbed dose during a single procedure. Real-time monitoring through wearable active devices would greatly facilitate this task. In this work, we will present the characterization of the RAPID wireless device (based on CMOS imager as X-ray sensing detector) in clinical conditions, with PMMA phantoms. The prototype has shown the capability to measure dose-rates with a frequency in the range of few Hz, and an uncertainty smaller than 10%.
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Apr 26, 2019
In this paper we analyze the Dark Matter problem and the distribution of matter through two diffe... more In this paper we analyze the Dark Matter problem and the distribution of matter through two different approaches, which are linked by the possibility that the solution of these astronomical puzzles should be sought in the quantum imprinting of the Universe. The first approach is based on a cosmological model formulated and developed in the last ten years by the first and third authors of this paper; the so-called "Archaic Universe". The second approach was formulated by Rosen in 1993 by considering the Friedman-Einstein equations as a simple one-dimensional dynamical system reducing the cosmological equations in terms of a Schrödinger equation. As an example, the quantum memory in cosmological dynamics could explain the apparently periodic structures of the Universe while Archaic Universe shows how the quantum phase concerns not only an ancient era of the Universe, but quantum facets permeating the entire Universe today.
Journal of physics, Aug 1, 2017
Since 1986 a vast body of experimental evidence has been accumulated of direct observation of qua... more Since 1986 a vast body of experimental evidence has been accumulated of direct observation of quantum jumps in many physical systems. We can therefore assume that quantum jumps are genuine physical phenomena. On the other hand, substantial identity of "quantum jumps" and "collapses" induced by measurements can be admitted, both being represented by self-conjugate projection operators related to specific non-Hamiltonian aspects of micro-interactions. On this basis a model of quantum jump involving a single particle is discussed, and some consequences concerning hadronic physics (Hagedorn temperature, Regge trajectories) and quantum gravity are briefly sketched.
Qeios, 2023
The conceptual statute of modern quantum theory was formulated during the 5th Solvay Conference i... more The conceptual statute of modern quantum theory was formulated during the 5th Solvay Conference in 1927 and since then accepted as definitive, although criticisms and discussions have continued up to the present. The more properly physical aspects of the debate seem to concern the relationship between quantum entities and spacetime. A historical circumstance that should not be ignored is that in 1927 the exploration of the realm of the fundamental constituents of matter (the so-called "elementary particles") was just in its infancy, and therefore the properties of these constituents could not play a constitutive role in the theory. Here we propose to re-read the nature of quantum entities starting from the peculiar relationship that the elementary particles that constitute them maintain with the spatial domain. In particular, it is assumed that this relationship is mediated by time and that the time accessible to elementary particles (but not to the systems they compose) is a complex variable rather than a real one. This approach helps to dissolve much of the "mystery" surrounding quantum phenomena.
Qeios
The conceptual statute of modern quantum theory was formulated during the 5th Solvay Conference i... more The conceptual statute of modern quantum theory was formulated during the 5th Solvay Conference in 1927 and since then accepted as definitive, although criticisms and discussions have continued up to the present. The more properly physical aspects of the debate seem to concern the relationship between quantum entities and spacetime. A historical circumstance that should not be ignored is that in 1927 the exploration of the realm of the fundamental constituents of matter (the so-called "elementary particles") was just in its infancy, and therefore the properties of these constituents could not play a constitutive role in the theory. Here we propose to re-read the nature of quantum entities starting from the peculiar relationship that the elementary particles that constitute them maintain with the spatial domain. In particular, it is assumed that this relationship is mediated by time and that the time accessible to elementary particles (but not to the systems they compose) i...
Developing an approach defined in previous papers a correspondence between elementary particles a... more Developing an approach defined in previous papers a correspondence between elementary particles and elements of a particular set of directed graphs said "glyphs" is made explicit. These can, in turn, be put in correspondence with a particular set of biquaternions. Charge conjugation and weak isospin inversion then become both topological (on glyphs) and algebraic (on biquaternions) symmetries. The formalism describes leptons and quarks, the latter successfully combined into mesons and baryons. The derivation is possible of both a de Sitter interior spacetime of particles and the usual external Minkowski spacetime. The biquaternions can be related to creation and annihilation operators of the corresponding fermionic fields in Quantum Field Theory (QFT). The base states of QFT and their mutual interactions are thus constrained by their common emergence from logically antecedent structures. This result appears of great importance for the understanding of the elementary partic...
Developing an approach defined in previous papers a correspondence between elementary particles a... more Developing an approach defined in previous papers a correspondence between elementary particles and elements of a particular set of directed graphs said "glyphs" is made explicit. These can, in turn, be put in correspondence with a particular set of biquaternions. Charge conjugation and weak isospin inversion then become both topological (on glyphs) and algebraic (on biquaternions) symmetries. The formalism describes leptons and quarks, the latter successfully combined into mesons and baryons. The derivation is possible of both a de Sitter interior spacetime of particles and the usual external Minkowski spacetime. The biquaternions can be related to creation and annihilation operators of the corresponding fermionic fields in Quantum Field Theory (QFT). The base states of QFT and their mutual interactions are thus constrained by their common emergence from logically antecedent structures. This result appears of great importance for the understanding of the elementary partic...
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Telephone: (+359 2) 724917 , (+359 2) 9792546 Email: ndyepr[AT]ic.bas.bg ndyepr[AT]bas.bg
A review is presented of the fundamental equations of point, perfect incompressible fluid and wav... more A review is presented of the fundamental equations of point, perfect incompressible fluid and wave dynamics in the Fantappié-Arcidiacono theory of projective relativity, also known as "De Sitter relativity". Compared to the original works, some deductions have been simplified and the physical meaning of the equations has been analyzed in greater depth.
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Papers by Leonardo Chiatti
- 24th International Seminar on Biocosmology (24ISBC)
Moscow – Lomonosov State University - 25 October 2023
The symmetry indicated by Bohr can be broken in ways that preserve unitarity, as in the usual decoherence program. We consider a different approach, based on three principles: (1) the interpretation of the amplitude collapse as a real, non-unitary physical phenomenon that converts quantum information into classical information; (2) the identification of this phenomenon with the "quantum jump" already introduced by Bohr and well demonstrated experimentally in quantum optics; (3) an ontology of events à la Russell-Whitehead applied to quantum jumps. This last point allows to redefine, in an appropriate reformulation of quantum mechanics, the macroscopic bodies as "galaxies of quantum jumps" (to use a metaphor of J.S. Bell). Thus a distinction is made between the probability amplitudes associated with individual events not yet actualized and the projectors associated with the relatively stable properties of "galaxies" of actualizations. The amplitudes introduced to express these projectors may not be subject to the superposition principle.