Around one fourth of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and given antiretr... more Around one fourth of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and given antiretroviral therapy (ART) experience inflammatory or cellular proliferative disease associated with a preexisting opportunistic infection. Many such infections are subclinical or quiescent before the patient begins ART. Cryptococcal immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome may present as a clinical deterioration or new presentation of cryptococcal disease following initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and is believed to be caused by recovery of Cryptococcus-specific immune responses. In the following report we present a case of expeditious developed IRIS in the form of cryptococcal meningitis.
Recently accumulating evidence has highlighted the role of histamine in inflammation and immune r... more Recently accumulating evidence has highlighted the role of histamine in inflammation and immune reaction by histamine H4-receptor, however the role of histamine via H4-receptor in immunomodulation is still unclear. Therefore, the present study was designed to study the immunomodulatory role of histamine H4-receptor on antibody generation profile in rabbit. The cohort study comprised of 108 rabbits in six groups. Each group consisted of 18 rabbits. Group I (negative control) remained non-immunized and received vehicle (sterile distilled water, 1 mlkg-1 × b.i.d., s.c. for 10 days (3 days prior to immunization until 7 days after immunization)). Group II (positive control) received vehicle (1 mlkg-1 × b.i.d., s.c. for 10 day), while group III-VI received histamine (100 µgkg-1 × b.i.d., s.c.), H4-agonist (clobenpropit dihydrobromide, 10 µgkg-1 × b.i.d., s.c.), and H4-antagonist (JNJ 7777120, 10 µgkg-1 × b.i.d., i.m.) and DMSO (control group for H4R-antagonist, 1 mlkg-1 × b.i.d., i.m.) respectively for 10 days. Group II-VI were immunized with intravenous injection of sheep red blood cells (SRBC) on day 3. Immunological parameters [immunoglobulins (Ig), immunoglobulin M (IgM), and immunoglobulin G (IgG)] assessed by the whole SRBC-ELISA method and direct hemagglutination assay. Histamine could influence a detectable antibody response to SRBC as early as day 7 postimmunization (post-I), which lasted until day 58 post-I, whereas H4-receptor by H4R-antagonist treatment showed a similar profile of antibody (Ig, IgM, and IgG) generation as the positive control group. On the other hand, H4R-agonist treatment showed immunostimulant activity as compared to other experimental groups. The results were found statistically significant (p<0.01). Histamine H4-receptor in biological system modulates immunological function and stimulates antibody production only by exogenously administered agonists not by endogenous histamine (Tab. 1, Fig. 3, Ref. 26).
Objective: To estimate the age-specific seroprevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in ... more Objective: To estimate the age-specific seroprevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in children upto 14 years of age. Methods: Equal number (115 each) of apparently healthy children of both sexes of different age groups i.e. <1, 1-4, 5-9 and 10-14 years, attending pediatric outpatient services and Well Baby Clinic of the hospital were tested for HBsAg using ELISA test. Positive results were confirmed by a second ELISA. Results: Overall 4.35% (95%CI, 2.44 -6.25) of the 460 children tested were HBsAg positive. The prevalence rate was the highest (6.09%) in the 1-4 year age category. In the <1, 5-9 and 10-14 year age groups it was 4.35%, 4.35% and 2.61% respectively. The overall male to female ratio was 2.1:1, with no significant difference in seropositivity rates (P = 0.816).The difference in the prevalence rates between the rural (4.84%) and urban populations (3.77%) was also statistically insignificant (P = 0.577). Conclusion: Average HBsAg positivity in the pediatric population in this region is 4.35% (95%CI, 2.44 -6.25). The prevalence progressively increases and peaks in the 1-4 years age group. It is least in 10-14 years age group. [Indian J Pediatr 2004; 71 (11) : 965-967]
Toxoplasma gondii In Women With Bad Obstetric History And Infertility: A five year study. Dr. Abi... more Toxoplasma gondii In Women With Bad Obstetric History And Infertility: A five year study. Dr. Abida Malik. Professor. Dept. of Microbiology. JN Medical College. AMU, INDIA. Dr. Meher Rizvi. Assistant Professor. Dept. of Microbiology. JN Medical College. AMU, INDIA. Dr. Nazia Khan ...
ABSTRACT Purpose: To study the factors influencing sputum smear conversion including Serum C-Reac... more ABSTRACT Purpose: To study the factors influencing sputum smear conversion including Serum C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and its correlation with disease severity in tuberculosis patients. Method: Levels of Serum-CRP concentrations were deter-mined in 60 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, 30 healthy volunteers and patients in follow-up after completion of antitubercular treatment (DOTS therapy). Results: Serum-CRP levels were found to be significantly higher in smear-positive group as compared with the follow-up patients and smear-negative control group. The values were 43.65 ± 23.68, 9.88 ± 5.23 and 4.04 ± 3.85 mg/L respectively (P &amp;lt; 0.0001). Among the smear-positive patients, Serum-CRP levels were the highest in AFB3 + patients (65.28 ± 10.32) as compared with the AFB2 + patients (35.93 ± 7.22), AFB1 + patients (16.37 ± 2.62) and AFB scanty patients (10.92 ± 2.97) respectively, the difference was found statistically significant (P &amp;lt; 0.0001). Correlation of predictors of sputum smear conversion also revealed that these values were sig-nificantly higher in active pulmonary tubercular patients as compared to control. It is also found significant positive correlation between AFB smear positive patients with levels of Serum-CRP concentration. Conclusion: Serum-CRP levels are significantly correlated with disease severity in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis. Thus these find-ings from the present study would certainly add new criteria for early diagnosis of TB, which may lead to development of new strategies to treat TB.
Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine, 2013
In the current study, a novel niosome based formulation of diallyl disulfide (DADS) was evaluated... more In the current study, a novel niosome based formulation of diallyl disulfide (DADS) was evaluated for its potential to treat disseminated candidiasis in mouse model. Among various non-ionic surfactants tested, niosome formulation prepared using Span 80 was found to be most efficient in the entrapment of DADS. The DADS loaded niosomes had size dimensions in the range of 140 ± 30 nm with zeta potential of −30.67 ± 4.5. Liver/kidney function tests as well as histopathologic studies suggested that noisome-based DADS formulations are safe at the dose investigated. When administered to Candida albicans infected animals, the DADS bearing niosomal formulation cleared the fungal burden and increased their survival much efficiently than its free form.
This prospective study was carried out in the pediatric ward and outpatient department of a terti... more This prospective study was carried out in the pediatric ward and outpatient department of a tertiary care centre to estimate the prevalence of HIV seropositivity in children with tuberculosis. Two hundred and fifty consecutive children below 12 years of age with (pulmonary and extrapulmonary) tuberculosis diagnosed between March 1999 and July 2000 were screened for HIV infection. A patient was labeled as HIV positive if two consecutive ELISA tests were found positive using different antigen/principle. Supplemental western blot test was also done. Parents of seropositive children were also screened for HIV infection and tuberculosis. Total 5 cases were HIV positive giving a seroprevalence of 2%. All the five patients had disseminated tuberculosis. We suggest regular screening of children with disseminated/miliary tuberculosis for HIV co-infection.
Corresponding Author: Mohammad Shameem Department of Tuberculosis and Chest Diseases JN Medical C... more Corresponding Author: Mohammad Shameem Department of Tuberculosis and Chest Diseases JN Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh UP 202002 India Tel: +91 941 2731835, E-mail: doctor_shameem123@rediffmail.com ... Association between Serum ...
Chapter 9 Laboratory Diagnosis of Fungal Infections: An Overview Mohammad Shahid, Iqbal Ahmad, Ab... more Chapter 9 Laboratory Diagnosis of Fungal Infections: An Overview Mohammad Shahid, Iqbal Ahmad, Abida Malik, Noor Jahan1 and Trivendra Tripathi Abstract With the increasing rate of fungal infection, it is important for clinical mycologists to know the details of classical and ...
1Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, ... more 1Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202 002, UP, India. 2Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, ...
Journal of infection in developing countries, 2010
This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of four doses of 40 microg vaccine in chronic ... more This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of four doses of 40 microg vaccine in chronic kidney disease patients as compared to the three-dose 20 microg vaccine schedule given to the normal healthy population. This study included 130 chronic kidney disease patients. Of these 84 were given 20 microg vaccine (52 patients were given three doses at 0, one and two months, and 32 patients were given four doses at 0, one, two and six months) and 46 patients were given 40 microg vaccine (30 patients were given three doses at 0, one and two months and 16 patients were given four doses at 0, one, two and six months). Patient response was assessed by measuring antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti HBs) one month after receiving the third and fourth doses each. Of the patient who received three doses of 20 microg vaccine, 57.7% showed seroprotection while 68.7% of the patients who received four doses of this vaccine showed seroprotection. In contrast, 60% of the patients who r...
Acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRTI) is a common illness, but there have been relative... more Acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRTI) is a common illness, but there have been relatively few studies of the bacterial etiology in developing countries. Nasopharyngeal aspirates of 70 children under 10 years of age with ALRTI were cultured for aerobic bacterial pathogens. Klebsiella pneumoniae was the commonest organism (32.2%) isolated followed by S. pneumoniae (10%), E. coli (10%), P. aeruginosa (5.7%), S. aureus (2.8%) and H. influenzae (1.4%). There were significantly more bacterial pathogens isolated in children <1 year of age (73.7%) than in those > 1 year of age (56.2%) (P=0.03). A shift in spectrum from Gram-positive cocci to Gram negative bacilli in ALRTI was observed in our study.
Tropical gastroenterology : official journal of the Digestive Diseases Foundation
SEN virus (SENV), is a recently discovered single-stranded DNA virus of Annelloviridae family and... more SEN virus (SENV), is a recently discovered single-stranded DNA virus of Annelloviridae family and is believed may play a role in non A-E hepatitis. We conducted this study to identify the prevalence and clinical association of SENV with acute and chronic hepatitis. 135 liver disease patients were studied. Extent of liver damage was assessed using the Model for End Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score. A-E viruses and HIV were detected by enzyme immunoassay. Nested PCR was performed for detection of SENV and its genotypes D and H. 34 cases (25.18%) were positive for SEN virus DNA, a statistically significant finding (p < 0.01) of which 22 (64%) had acute viral hepatitis, 4 (11.76%) had chronic viral hepatitis, 3 (8.82%) fulminant hepatic failure and 5 (14.70%) cirrhosis. Mean AST was 47.85 IU/L, ALT 51.2 IU/L and INR 1.73, mean MELD score was 18.38 (11 to 24). 17.64% had severely deranged MELD score. SENV-D genotype was detected in 13 (38%) and SENV-H in 19 (58%) cases. SENV-H occurre...
Leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonosis caused by pathogenic Leptospira and is characterized by a b... more Leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonosis caused by pathogenic Leptospira and is characterized by a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations of varying severity ranging from inapparent infection to fulminant, fatal disease. Although several components of this organism have been identified, the molecular mechanisms underlying pathogenesis of this infectious disease are still poorly understood. Besides, direct injury by microbial factors, cytokines produced in response to infection have been proposed to be involved in pathogenesis of leptospirosis. The present study was done to document the prevalence of leptospira induced acute hepatitis and to estimate the levels of Interleukin-10 in these patients. 247 consecutive cases with symptoms of acute hepatitis and 30 healthy controls were enrolled in the study and detailed clinical history was elicited from them. ELISA for HAV, HBV, HCV and HEV were performed to rule out common viral etiology of hepatitis. IgM antibodies to leptospira were de...
AIM: To study the role of IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IFN-γ AND TNF-α in immunopathogenesis of HBV infect... more AIM: To study the role of IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IFN-γ AND TNF-α in immunopathogenesis of HBV infection. METHODS: Eight hundred and forty consecutive patients with hepatitis were screened by serological markers for acute HBV (AHB) and were genotyped using modified Kirschberg’s method. Patients were graded clinically and biochemically. Serum IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IFN-γ and TNF-α levels were estimated in them and in healthy controls by enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS: Seventy six cases of AHB with genotype D were identified and cytokines estimated. IFN-γ, IL-12, TNF-α, IL-8 levels were significantly higher than in the healthy controls at 27.26±7.39 pg/mL (p<0.001), 54.6 pg/mL (p<0.05), 176.32 pg/mL (p<0.001), 202.32 pg/mL (p<0.0001) respectively. In NNI cases, median IFN-γ, IL-12 and TNF- α levels were higher at 52.351 pg/mL, 57.12 pg/mL and 240 pg/mL p<0.001 respectively. In contrast IL-8 and IL-10 were lower in NNI. All five cytokines appeared to play a role in seroconversion ...
Around one fourth of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and given antiretr... more Around one fourth of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and given antiretroviral therapy (ART) experience inflammatory or cellular proliferative disease associated with a preexisting opportunistic infection. Many such infections are subclinical or quiescent before the patient begins ART. Cryptococcal immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome may present as a clinical deterioration or new presentation of cryptococcal disease following initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and is believed to be caused by recovery of Cryptococcus-specific immune responses. In the following report we present a case of expeditious developed IRIS in the form of cryptococcal meningitis.
Recently accumulating evidence has highlighted the role of histamine in inflammation and immune r... more Recently accumulating evidence has highlighted the role of histamine in inflammation and immune reaction by histamine H4-receptor, however the role of histamine via H4-receptor in immunomodulation is still unclear. Therefore, the present study was designed to study the immunomodulatory role of histamine H4-receptor on antibody generation profile in rabbit. The cohort study comprised of 108 rabbits in six groups. Each group consisted of 18 rabbits. Group I (negative control) remained non-immunized and received vehicle (sterile distilled water, 1 mlkg-1 × b.i.d., s.c. for 10 days (3 days prior to immunization until 7 days after immunization)). Group II (positive control) received vehicle (1 mlkg-1 × b.i.d., s.c. for 10 day), while group III-VI received histamine (100 µgkg-1 × b.i.d., s.c.), H4-agonist (clobenpropit dihydrobromide, 10 µgkg-1 × b.i.d., s.c.), and H4-antagonist (JNJ 7777120, 10 µgkg-1 × b.i.d., i.m.) and DMSO (control group for H4R-antagonist, 1 mlkg-1 × b.i.d., i.m.) respectively for 10 days. Group II-VI were immunized with intravenous injection of sheep red blood cells (SRBC) on day 3. Immunological parameters [immunoglobulins (Ig), immunoglobulin M (IgM), and immunoglobulin G (IgG)] assessed by the whole SRBC-ELISA method and direct hemagglutination assay. Histamine could influence a detectable antibody response to SRBC as early as day 7 postimmunization (post-I), which lasted until day 58 post-I, whereas H4-receptor by H4R-antagonist treatment showed a similar profile of antibody (Ig, IgM, and IgG) generation as the positive control group. On the other hand, H4R-agonist treatment showed immunostimulant activity as compared to other experimental groups. The results were found statistically significant (p&amp;amp;lt;0.01). Histamine H4-receptor in biological system modulates immunological function and stimulates antibody production only by exogenously administered agonists not by endogenous histamine (Tab. 1, Fig. 3, Ref. 26).
Objective: To estimate the age-specific seroprevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in ... more Objective: To estimate the age-specific seroprevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in children upto 14 years of age. Methods: Equal number (115 each) of apparently healthy children of both sexes of different age groups i.e. <1, 1-4, 5-9 and 10-14 years, attending pediatric outpatient services and Well Baby Clinic of the hospital were tested for HBsAg using ELISA test. Positive results were confirmed by a second ELISA. Results: Overall 4.35% (95%CI, 2.44 -6.25) of the 460 children tested were HBsAg positive. The prevalence rate was the highest (6.09%) in the 1-4 year age category. In the <1, 5-9 and 10-14 year age groups it was 4.35%, 4.35% and 2.61% respectively. The overall male to female ratio was 2.1:1, with no significant difference in seropositivity rates (P = 0.816).The difference in the prevalence rates between the rural (4.84%) and urban populations (3.77%) was also statistically insignificant (P = 0.577). Conclusion: Average HBsAg positivity in the pediatric population in this region is 4.35% (95%CI, 2.44 -6.25). The prevalence progressively increases and peaks in the 1-4 years age group. It is least in 10-14 years age group. [Indian J Pediatr 2004; 71 (11) : 965-967]
Toxoplasma gondii In Women With Bad Obstetric History And Infertility: A five year study. Dr. Abi... more Toxoplasma gondii In Women With Bad Obstetric History And Infertility: A five year study. Dr. Abida Malik. Professor. Dept. of Microbiology. JN Medical College. AMU, INDIA. Dr. Meher Rizvi. Assistant Professor. Dept. of Microbiology. JN Medical College. AMU, INDIA. Dr. Nazia Khan ...
ABSTRACT Purpose: To study the factors influencing sputum smear conversion including Serum C-Reac... more ABSTRACT Purpose: To study the factors influencing sputum smear conversion including Serum C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and its correlation with disease severity in tuberculosis patients. Method: Levels of Serum-CRP concentrations were deter-mined in 60 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, 30 healthy volunteers and patients in follow-up after completion of antitubercular treatment (DOTS therapy). Results: Serum-CRP levels were found to be significantly higher in smear-positive group as compared with the follow-up patients and smear-negative control group. The values were 43.65 ± 23.68, 9.88 ± 5.23 and 4.04 ± 3.85 mg/L respectively (P &amp;lt; 0.0001). Among the smear-positive patients, Serum-CRP levels were the highest in AFB3 + patients (65.28 ± 10.32) as compared with the AFB2 + patients (35.93 ± 7.22), AFB1 + patients (16.37 ± 2.62) and AFB scanty patients (10.92 ± 2.97) respectively, the difference was found statistically significant (P &amp;lt; 0.0001). Correlation of predictors of sputum smear conversion also revealed that these values were sig-nificantly higher in active pulmonary tubercular patients as compared to control. It is also found significant positive correlation between AFB smear positive patients with levels of Serum-CRP concentration. Conclusion: Serum-CRP levels are significantly correlated with disease severity in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis. Thus these find-ings from the present study would certainly add new criteria for early diagnosis of TB, which may lead to development of new strategies to treat TB.
Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine, 2013
In the current study, a novel niosome based formulation of diallyl disulfide (DADS) was evaluated... more In the current study, a novel niosome based formulation of diallyl disulfide (DADS) was evaluated for its potential to treat disseminated candidiasis in mouse model. Among various non-ionic surfactants tested, niosome formulation prepared using Span 80 was found to be most efficient in the entrapment of DADS. The DADS loaded niosomes had size dimensions in the range of 140 ± 30 nm with zeta potential of −30.67 ± 4.5. Liver/kidney function tests as well as histopathologic studies suggested that noisome-based DADS formulations are safe at the dose investigated. When administered to Candida albicans infected animals, the DADS bearing niosomal formulation cleared the fungal burden and increased their survival much efficiently than its free form.
This prospective study was carried out in the pediatric ward and outpatient department of a terti... more This prospective study was carried out in the pediatric ward and outpatient department of a tertiary care centre to estimate the prevalence of HIV seropositivity in children with tuberculosis. Two hundred and fifty consecutive children below 12 years of age with (pulmonary and extrapulmonary) tuberculosis diagnosed between March 1999 and July 2000 were screened for HIV infection. A patient was labeled as HIV positive if two consecutive ELISA tests were found positive using different antigen/principle. Supplemental western blot test was also done. Parents of seropositive children were also screened for HIV infection and tuberculosis. Total 5 cases were HIV positive giving a seroprevalence of 2%. All the five patients had disseminated tuberculosis. We suggest regular screening of children with disseminated/miliary tuberculosis for HIV co-infection.
Corresponding Author: Mohammad Shameem Department of Tuberculosis and Chest Diseases JN Medical C... more Corresponding Author: Mohammad Shameem Department of Tuberculosis and Chest Diseases JN Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh UP 202002 India Tel: +91 941 2731835, E-mail: doctor_shameem123@rediffmail.com ... Association between Serum ...
Chapter 9 Laboratory Diagnosis of Fungal Infections: An Overview Mohammad Shahid, Iqbal Ahmad, Ab... more Chapter 9 Laboratory Diagnosis of Fungal Infections: An Overview Mohammad Shahid, Iqbal Ahmad, Abida Malik, Noor Jahan1 and Trivendra Tripathi Abstract With the increasing rate of fungal infection, it is important for clinical mycologists to know the details of classical and ...
1Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, ... more 1Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202 002, UP, India. 2Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, ...
Journal of infection in developing countries, 2010
This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of four doses of 40 microg vaccine in chronic ... more This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of four doses of 40 microg vaccine in chronic kidney disease patients as compared to the three-dose 20 microg vaccine schedule given to the normal healthy population. This study included 130 chronic kidney disease patients. Of these 84 were given 20 microg vaccine (52 patients were given three doses at 0, one and two months, and 32 patients were given four doses at 0, one, two and six months) and 46 patients were given 40 microg vaccine (30 patients were given three doses at 0, one and two months and 16 patients were given four doses at 0, one, two and six months). Patient response was assessed by measuring antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti HBs) one month after receiving the third and fourth doses each. Of the patient who received three doses of 20 microg vaccine, 57.7% showed seroprotection while 68.7% of the patients who received four doses of this vaccine showed seroprotection. In contrast, 60% of the patients who r...
Acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRTI) is a common illness, but there have been relative... more Acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRTI) is a common illness, but there have been relatively few studies of the bacterial etiology in developing countries. Nasopharyngeal aspirates of 70 children under 10 years of age with ALRTI were cultured for aerobic bacterial pathogens. Klebsiella pneumoniae was the commonest organism (32.2%) isolated followed by S. pneumoniae (10%), E. coli (10%), P. aeruginosa (5.7%), S. aureus (2.8%) and H. influenzae (1.4%). There were significantly more bacterial pathogens isolated in children <1 year of age (73.7%) than in those > 1 year of age (56.2%) (P=0.03). A shift in spectrum from Gram-positive cocci to Gram negative bacilli in ALRTI was observed in our study.
Tropical gastroenterology : official journal of the Digestive Diseases Foundation
SEN virus (SENV), is a recently discovered single-stranded DNA virus of Annelloviridae family and... more SEN virus (SENV), is a recently discovered single-stranded DNA virus of Annelloviridae family and is believed may play a role in non A-E hepatitis. We conducted this study to identify the prevalence and clinical association of SENV with acute and chronic hepatitis. 135 liver disease patients were studied. Extent of liver damage was assessed using the Model for End Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score. A-E viruses and HIV were detected by enzyme immunoassay. Nested PCR was performed for detection of SENV and its genotypes D and H. 34 cases (25.18%) were positive for SEN virus DNA, a statistically significant finding (p < 0.01) of which 22 (64%) had acute viral hepatitis, 4 (11.76%) had chronic viral hepatitis, 3 (8.82%) fulminant hepatic failure and 5 (14.70%) cirrhosis. Mean AST was 47.85 IU/L, ALT 51.2 IU/L and INR 1.73, mean MELD score was 18.38 (11 to 24). 17.64% had severely deranged MELD score. SENV-D genotype was detected in 13 (38%) and SENV-H in 19 (58%) cases. SENV-H occurre...
Leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonosis caused by pathogenic Leptospira and is characterized by a b... more Leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonosis caused by pathogenic Leptospira and is characterized by a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations of varying severity ranging from inapparent infection to fulminant, fatal disease. Although several components of this organism have been identified, the molecular mechanisms underlying pathogenesis of this infectious disease are still poorly understood. Besides, direct injury by microbial factors, cytokines produced in response to infection have been proposed to be involved in pathogenesis of leptospirosis. The present study was done to document the prevalence of leptospira induced acute hepatitis and to estimate the levels of Interleukin-10 in these patients. 247 consecutive cases with symptoms of acute hepatitis and 30 healthy controls were enrolled in the study and detailed clinical history was elicited from them. ELISA for HAV, HBV, HCV and HEV were performed to rule out common viral etiology of hepatitis. IgM antibodies to leptospira were de...
AIM: To study the role of IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IFN-γ AND TNF-α in immunopathogenesis of HBV infect... more AIM: To study the role of IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IFN-γ AND TNF-α in immunopathogenesis of HBV infection. METHODS: Eight hundred and forty consecutive patients with hepatitis were screened by serological markers for acute HBV (AHB) and were genotyped using modified Kirschberg’s method. Patients were graded clinically and biochemically. Serum IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IFN-γ and TNF-α levels were estimated in them and in healthy controls by enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS: Seventy six cases of AHB with genotype D were identified and cytokines estimated. IFN-γ, IL-12, TNF-α, IL-8 levels were significantly higher than in the healthy controls at 27.26±7.39 pg/mL (p<0.001), 54.6 pg/mL (p<0.05), 176.32 pg/mL (p<0.001), 202.32 pg/mL (p<0.0001) respectively. In NNI cases, median IFN-γ, IL-12 and TNF- α levels were higher at 52.351 pg/mL, 57.12 pg/mL and 240 pg/mL p<0.001 respectively. In contrast IL-8 and IL-10 were lower in NNI. All five cytokines appeared to play a role in seroconversion ...
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