OMO international journal of sciences, Feb 15, 2024
In this study, fifteen oat varieties including the standard checks were evaluated for agro-morpho... more In this study, fifteen oat varieties including the standard checks were evaluated for agro-morphological traits, nutritional qualities, disease, and insect pest reactions during the main cropping seasons of 2015-2018. Based on the overall performance, two best-performing oat varieties (CI-1742 and SRCPX80Ab2596) were selected and verified with the two standard checks at the Kuyu and Ginchi sub-site of Holetta Agricultural Research Center during the main cropping season of 2018. The overall mean result indicated that the released variety, Walqaa (SRCPX80Ab2596), showed the highest mean DM yield followed by the recent check (SRCPX80Ab2291) while the check variety (CI-8251) which was released earlier and commonly used for vertisol gave the lowest DM yield. Walqaa (SRCPX80Ab2596) had the highest percent increase in DM yield, CP yield, and digestible yield advantages over the standard check variety (CI-8251) which was released earlier and commonly used for vertisol conditions. Similarly, the Walqaa (SRCPX80Ab2596) had a relatively better percent increase in DM yield, CP yield, and digestible yield advantages over the recently released variety (SRCPX80Ab2291). Moreover, the Walqaa (SRCPX80Ab2596) had seeds yield advantage over the earlier released variety (CI-8251). The nutritional qualities indicated that the candidate varieties had advantages over the standard check variety (CI-8251) in terms of the leafto-stem ratio, CP, and IVDMD contents. Generally, the Walqaa (SRCPX80Ab2596) had a relatively better leaf-tostem ratio, CP, and IVDMD advantages over the standard check variety (CI-8251). The national variety releasing committee evaluated the varieties at field conditions in October 2018. Based on their evaluation result, oat variety Walqaa (SRCPX80Ab2596) was officially released in November 2019 for production in the high altitude areas and similar agro-ecologies of the country. The pre-basic and basic seeds of the released variety Walqaa (SRCPX80Ab2596) are maintained by the feeds and nutrition research program of Holetta Agricultural Research Center.
OMO International Journal of Sciences, May 17, 2023
The study was executed to evaluate the agro-morphological and nutritional performance of four nar... more The study was executed to evaluate the agro-morphological and nutritional performance of four narrow-leafed blue sweet lupin varieties (Australian lupin, Probor, Sanabor, and Vitabor) sown with five seeding rates (60, 70, 80, 90, and 100 kg/ha) during the main cropping seasons of 2014 and 2015 at Holetta in the central highlands of Ethiopia. Randomized complete block design replicated three times in factorial arrangements was used for experimenting. The lupin varieties were sown in rows with an inter-row spacing of 30 cm. At sowing, diammonium phosphate fertilizer at the rate of 100 kg/ha was uniformly applied for all treatments in both years. Data were collected on plant height, dry matter yield, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, seed yield, and nutritive value. All measured data were subjected to analysis of variance using procedures of SAS general linear model. The result revealed that plant height, number of pods per plant, and number of seeds per pod of lupin varieties were significantly (P<0.001) affected by experimental years. The varietal difference was the major cause of variation (P<0.05) for dry matter yield, the number of pods per plant, and seed yield. The Sanabor, Probor and Vitabor varieties had 38, 23, and 20% dry matter yield advantage over the introduced Australian lupin variety, respectively. The Sanabor variety which produced the highest seed yield had 25, 17, and 14% seed yield advantages over Vitabor, Australian lupin, and Probor variety, respectively. The seed yield performance of lupin varieties was positively correlated with the number of pods per plant while it was negatively correlated with the number of seeds per pod. The dry matter yield and number of seeds per pod were also significantly (P<0.05) affected by seeding rates of lupin varieties. The dry matter yield of lupin varieties increased with increasing seeding rates indicating the tested lupin varieties had a low tillering performance. The number of seeds per pod of lupin varieties decreased with increasing seeding rates. On the other hand, the nutritive values did not differ significantly (P>0.05) among the tested lupin varieties. However, Vitabor variety
African journal of agricultural research, May 31, 2024
A feeding trial was conducted using sainfoin hay at 0, 10, 20 and 30% on a dry matter basis of in... more A feeding trial was conducted using sainfoin hay at 0, 10, 20 and 30% on a dry matter basis of inclusion to yearling rams placed on, T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively, to substitute Noug seed cake in concentrate (wheat bran + Noug seed cake + common salt + wheat straw as a basal diet). Yearling 24 rums were selected on the basis of age and weight similarity and randomly assigned to the four treatments in RCBD with six replicates. At the end of the 90-day feeding trial, three sheep per treatment were randomly assigned either for the digestibility trial and/or carcass characteristics evaluation. Crude protein (CP) digestibility, daily weight gain, and feed conversion efficiency recorded the highest in T4 and T2. Lower dressing percentage with higher ether extract was recorded in T1. The rib eye muscle CP recorded the highest in T2 and T3. Lower water-to-protein ratio and higher caloric value were higher in T2 and T3 and T2, respectively. The marginal rate of return was the highest in T4, followed by T2. Therefore, the inclusion of a graded-level of sainfoin hay as a substitute for the expensive Noug seed protein in a tropical poor roughage basal diet seems to be appealing under the current Ethiopian condition.
Background Dry brewer spent yeast (DBSY) has high crude protein (CP) (43.2%) and metabolizable en... more Background Dry brewer spent yeast (DBSY) has high crude protein (CP) (43.2%) and metabolizable energy (14.3 MJ/kg) contents and it is an alternative animal feed for the improvement of the productive and reproductive performance of the animals. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of DBSY on the chemical composition, in vitro digestibility, and in situ degradability of wheat straw (WS). Methods Liquid brewer spent yeast (BSY) and water was mixed at a ratio of 1:5, respectively. The mixed debris soaked for 7 h in a 200-L plastic bucket. The water accumulated above the biomass was removed by tilting the container after the BSY was soaked in water. After three days of sun drying, DBSY was collected and removed with a scraper. The DBSY and wheat straw (WS) mixed uniformly. Different ratios of DBSY: WS (0:100, 10:90, 20:80, 30:70, 40:60, and 50:50, respectively, on a DM basis) were prepared. Based on these ratios, the experiment was subjected to a completely randomized design w...
The role and importance of livestock in smallholder crop-livestock systems and the importance of ... more The role and importance of livestock in smallholder crop-livestock systems and the importance of crop residues (CR) as ruminant feedstuffs in such systems are well established. The effects of genotype (G), environment (E) and crop management (M) factors on yields of grain and CR and the nutritive value of the CR of maize (Zea mays) and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) were investigated in an East African context. Genotype effects were examined in early and medium maturing (EM and MM, respectively) maize hybrids and popular varieties of common bean. Environment was examined at three sites for maize in the 2013 and 2014 cropping seasons and at four sites for common bean in 2013. Management effects examined were plant density (D) (5 and 7 plants/m 2), height of cutting at harvest in maize, and harvest at early and final seed maturity in common bean. Quality attributes (nitrogen (N), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) contents and dry matter digestibility (DMD)) were analysed using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and calibrations expanded and validated with reference samples of CR representing the experimental sample set. There was substantial variation (P<0.05 to P<0.0001) among maize genotypes in yields of grain and stover and quality of stover as a feedstuff. Dual purpose genotypes were
Rumen degradability of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) of feeds cont... more Rumen degradability of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) of feeds containing different concentrate to sorghum fodder ratio was studied with the in situ nylon bag technique. The different fodder concentrate ratio samples were incubated in the ...
Desho (Pennisetum glaucifolium) grass is one of the indigenous cultivated multipurpose perennial ... more Desho (Pennisetum glaucifolium) grass is one of the indigenous cultivated multipurpose perennial forage crops grown for animal feed and soil conservation practices in Ethiopia. This study was conducted to evaluate desho grass varieties for their morphological characteristics, dry matter yield performance, and nutritive value in the central highlands of Ethiopia. The study was conducted at Holetta Agricultural Research Center during the main cropping seasons of 2013 - 2017 under rain fed conditions. Four varieties of desho grass, viz. Areka (DZF # 590), Kulumsa (DZF # 592), Kindu Kosha-1 (DZF # 591), and Kindu Kosha-2 (DZF # 589) were planted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Though the plant height of desho grass varieties was not significant (P>0.05) at each production year and combined over years, it significantly differed among the production years. The number of nodes per plant and leaf to stem ratio varied significantly while the internod...
Livestock production takes a considerable part of the country's national income. Nevertheless, th... more Livestock production takes a considerable part of the country's national income. Nevertheless, the sub-sector has not fully been exploited because of low productivity, which is the result of several factors, among which feed is the major one.
IntroductionMeasurement of the nutritive value of feedstuffs with near infrared reflectance spect... more IntroductionMeasurement of the nutritive value of feedstuffs with near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) laboratory benchtop spectrometers is well-established. The aim of this study was to examine the reliability and accuracy of a handheld low-cost Tellspec NIRS spectrometer for measurement of the nutritive value of oilseed meals.MethodsSamples (n=142) comprising byproduct meals from processing linseed, noug seed, cotton seed, groundnut, rapeseed, soybeans, and sunflower seeds were collected from farms, oil factories, wholesalers, and retail shops in central Ethiopia. Samples were scanned ‘as received’ (UGr) and also following drying and grinding (Gr), and were scanned once, twice, and ten times in a 2x3 factorial experimental design. Laboratory analyses of total nitrogen (TN), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) provided reference measurements. Calibration models were develo...
The study was conducted to evaluate thirteen pre-screened lablab purpureus (L) genotypes out of n... more The study was conducted to evaluate thirteen pre-screened lablab purpureus (L) genotypes out of ninety eight genotypes that introduced from ILRI Addis Ababa, Ethiopia for their potentials on dry matter and forage yield and also chemical compositions and in-vitro dry matter digestibility under lowland conditions of South West Ethiopia. The experiment was performed in three locations for two consecutive years during 2018–2019 and 2020–2021 cropping season. It performed by using completely randomized block design with three replications and analyzed by using SAS software version 9.3. Dry matter yield was significant (p < 0.001) whereas, seed yield was not significant (p > 0.05) among the genotypes. The second level interaction effect genotype-year-location was not significant (p > 0.05) for both dry matter and seed yield. However, the first level genotype-location interaction effect was significant at (p < 0.001) for dry matter and (p < 0.05) for seed yield. Those show t...
A Small proportion of brewer’s spent yeast (BSY) is used as a protein source to replace costly bu... more A Small proportion of brewer’s spent yeast (BSY) is used as a protein source to replace costly but conventionally used agro-industrial by-product feeds in Ethiopia with large volumes seen accumulated at production sites causing disposal and public health problems. Consequently, there is a need to develop appropriate ways of using this by-product as livestock feed. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect BSY inclusion level and ensiling duration (ED) on fermentative, fungal load dynamics, and nutritional characteristics of fresh brewer’s spent-yeast based silage. Fresh brewery by-product samples were obtained from Heineken beer factory whereas wheat bran (WB) used as an input for formulating the silage material was purchased from a nearby animal feed processing plant. The ratio of brewery spent grain (BSG) to WB used majorly as protein and energy sources, respectively were 30:69 with 1% salt addition. To prepare the silages materials, 4 BSY inclusion levels (0, 10, 20 and, 30...
Dry brewery spent yeast has high protein (43.5% CP) and metabolizable (14.3 MJ/kg DM) contents an... more Dry brewery spent yeast has high protein (43.5% CP) and metabolizable (14.3 MJ/kg DM) contents and it is an effective animal feed. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the chemical composition, invitro digestibility, and in situ degradability of sun-dried brewer’s yeast and wheat straw. Liquid brewer's waste yeast (BSY) and water were mixed at ratios of 1:5 each, respectively. The mixed debris was immersed for 7 hours in a 200-litter plastic bucket. The material was placed in a fixed location and given time to allow the biomass (residues) to settle in the foundation of the materials. Water accumulated above the biomass was easily removed by tilting the container after the BSY had been soaked with water. After washing the floor to get rid of any dust, the biomass was poured over the area to dry. After three days of sun drying, the dried brewery yeast was collected and removed by using a scraper. The dry spent yeast (DY) and wheat straw (WS) was milled (1-2mm) and mixed uniforml...
Ethiopian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Jan 30, 2021
The study was conducted in 2019 at Ada'abrega sub-centre of Holetta Agricultural Research. A tota... more The study was conducted in 2019 at Ada'abrega sub-centre of Holetta Agricultural Research. A total of eighteen posts weaned female Jersey calves (weighing, 72 ± 1.33 kg, mean ± SE) were selected and randomly assigned in two sample T-test each having nine calves. The treatments were control diet consisting of natural pasture hay (50%) basal diet and concentrate mixture (50%) separately (T1) and dual purpose green maize stover silage (50%) and concentrate mixture (50%) based total mixed ration (TMR) (T2). The experiment took 180 days of feeding trial and 7 days of a digestibility trial. The daily dry matter intake of calves fed T2 (5.41 kg) was higher (p<0.05) than those calves receiving T1 (4.64 kg). Daily nutrient intake of calves receiving the intervention diet (T2) followed a similar trend as for DM intake. Feed digestibility was significantly affected (p<0.05) by diets and calves fed T2 showed higher (p<0.05) apparent dry matter digestibility than calves fed T1 diets. A feed conversion ratio of the calves was not affected (p>0.05) by diets but the average daily weight gain of calves in the T2 group (530g) was higher (p<0.05) than those calves in a group (450g). In conclusion, the growth performance of calves fed the dual purpose green maize stover silage based total mixed ration diet was superior to calves fed natural pasture hay and concentrate mixture following the Growth Performance of Jersey Calves Fed Maize Stover Silage [94] conventional feeding practice. A follow up research is needed to investigate comparative advantages of using maize crop for dual purposes (food & feed) than as a food for human alone considering both biological responses and economic returns that arise thereof.
Ethiopian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Jan 30, 2021
አህፅሮት &nbsp;ይህ ጥናት የተካሄደው በ2011 ዓ.ም በሆለታ ግብርና ምርምር ማዕከል ነበር፡፡ የጥናቱ ዋና ዓላማ የበቆሎ ገፈራን ከተለያዩ የኢን... more አህፅሮት &nbsp;ይህ ጥናት የተካሄደው በ2011 ዓ.ም በሆለታ ግብርና ምርምር ማዕከል ነበር፡፡ የጥናቱ ዋና ዓላማ የበቆሎ ገፈራን ከተለያዩ የኢንዱስትሪ ተረፈ ምርቶች ማለትም ፋግሎ፣ ፉርሽካ፣ ጥጥ ፍሬ፣ ሞላሰስ እና ጨውን በማዋሀድ በታላቢ የወተት ላሞች የወተት ምርት እና ተዋፅዖዎች (ለምሳሌ የቅባት፣ የገንቢ እና የማዕድናት ንጥረ-ነገሮች) ላይ የሚያሳድረውን ተፅዕኖ ማጥናት ነበር፡፡ ለዚህ ሙከራም በቆሎን በመዝራትና በእሸት ደረጃው በማጭድ፡ በቆሎውን እና አገዳውን በመለያየት በቆሎውን በፀሀይ በማድረቅ እና ርጥብ የበቆሎ አገዳውን በመፍጭት (ከ5-10 ሳ.ሜ) ሙከራው ተጀመረ፡፡ አንድ እጅ የተፈጨ የበቆሎ አገዳን (ከ5-10 ሳ.ሜ) ከሶስት እጅ ሞላሰስ እና ውሃ ጋር በማዋሀድ ለተከታታይ 45 ቀናት በጉድጓድ በመቅበር የበቆሎ አገዳ ገፈራ ተዘጋጀ፡፡ ከዚህም በመቀጠል የተለያየ መጠን ያለው የበቆሎ አገዳ ገፈራ እና ኢንዱስትሪ ተረፈ ምርቶች በማዋሀድ ውህድ የእንስሳት መኖ ተዘጋጅቷል፡፡ ለዚህ ምርምር 1ኛ፡ የተፈጥሮ ድርቆሽ እና የኢንዱስትሪ ተረፈ ምርቶች(0.5 ኪ.ግ ለ1 ሊትር ወተት ምርት) ` 2ኛ፡- 70 እጅ የበቆሎ አገዳ ገፈራን ከ30 እጅ የኢንዱስትሪ ተረፈ ምርቶች&nbsp; 3ኛ፡ 60 እጅ የበቆሎ አገዳ ገፈራን ከ40 እጅ ከኢንዱስትሪ ተረፈ ምርቶች እና 4ኛ፡ 50 እጅ የበቆሎ አገዳ ገፈራን ከ50 እጅ ከኢንዱስትሪ ተረፈ ምርቶች ጋር በማዋሀድ ለታላቢ ላሞች ለተከታታይ አንድ መቶ (100) ቀናት በመመገብ በወተት ምርት እና ተዋፅዖዎች &nbsp;ላይ ያለውን ተፅዕኖ ማየት የተቻለ ሲሆን አራተኛው አማራጭ (50 እጅ የበቆሎ አገዳ ገፈራን ከ50 እጅ ከኢንዱስትሪ ተረፈ ምርቶች ጋር በማዋሀድ ለታላቢ ላሞች መመገብ) የተሻለ የወተት ምርት ማግኘት የተቻለ ሲሆን በሶስቱም የአመጋገብ አማራጮች ላይ የተጋነነ የወተት ተዋፅዖዎች ልዩነት አልታየም፡፡ &nbsp; Abstract &nbsp;This study was conducted at Holetta agricultural research center, Ethiopia with the major objectives to evaluate the effect of silage made from late maturing dual purpose maize crop on intake digestibility, milk yield and composition of dairy cows. A total of eight mid lactating F1 (Boran X Friesian) dairy cows with similar milk yield (9.1 ± 0.91 kg/d) but differing in parity (ranges one to four) were selected and randomly assigned into one of the four dietary treatments (T1=Natural pasture hay ad libitum + 0.5 kg concentrate mixture (CM) per liter of milk production; T2=TMR-1 (70% MSS: 30% CM) ;T3=TMR -2(60% MSS: 40% CM) and T4=TMR-3 (50% MSS: 50% CM) in a double 4X4 Latin square design. The cows fed T1 and T4 diet had similar DM, OM and NDF intakes (P&gt;0.05) which is significantly higher over cows receiving the remaining treatments (P&lt;0.05). On the other hand CP was significantly higher (P&lt;0.05) inT4 while the ADF intake was significantly higher (P&lt;0.05) in T1 compared to the other treatments. In addition to this, dietary treatments varied (P&lt;0.001) in terms of their apparent DM, OM and CP digestibility, with cows on T3 showed considerably higher (P&lt;0.05) digestibility for DM, OM and CP than cows on the control diet. Similarly, T4 had shown higher CP digestibility (P&lt;0.05) compared to the control group. However, the NDF and ADF digestibility were not affected by dietary treatments. Silage based total mixed ration improved daily milk yield with the higher (P&lt;0.01) milk being recorded for cows receiving T4 (10.2 litter/day). Dietary treatment had no effect (P&gt;0.05) on milk composition. Feeding maize stover silage harvested at late maturity to crossbred cows resulted better daily milk yield; however, further study is required on the economics aspect before the diet is recommended for wider use under field conditions in Ethiopia. &nbsp
OMO international journal of sciences, Feb 15, 2024
In this study, fifteen oat varieties including the standard checks were evaluated for agro-morpho... more In this study, fifteen oat varieties including the standard checks were evaluated for agro-morphological traits, nutritional qualities, disease, and insect pest reactions during the main cropping seasons of 2015-2018. Based on the overall performance, two best-performing oat varieties (CI-1742 and SRCPX80Ab2596) were selected and verified with the two standard checks at the Kuyu and Ginchi sub-site of Holetta Agricultural Research Center during the main cropping season of 2018. The overall mean result indicated that the released variety, Walqaa (SRCPX80Ab2596), showed the highest mean DM yield followed by the recent check (SRCPX80Ab2291) while the check variety (CI-8251) which was released earlier and commonly used for vertisol gave the lowest DM yield. Walqaa (SRCPX80Ab2596) had the highest percent increase in DM yield, CP yield, and digestible yield advantages over the standard check variety (CI-8251) which was released earlier and commonly used for vertisol conditions. Similarly, the Walqaa (SRCPX80Ab2596) had a relatively better percent increase in DM yield, CP yield, and digestible yield advantages over the recently released variety (SRCPX80Ab2291). Moreover, the Walqaa (SRCPX80Ab2596) had seeds yield advantage over the earlier released variety (CI-8251). The nutritional qualities indicated that the candidate varieties had advantages over the standard check variety (CI-8251) in terms of the leafto-stem ratio, CP, and IVDMD contents. Generally, the Walqaa (SRCPX80Ab2596) had a relatively better leaf-tostem ratio, CP, and IVDMD advantages over the standard check variety (CI-8251). The national variety releasing committee evaluated the varieties at field conditions in October 2018. Based on their evaluation result, oat variety Walqaa (SRCPX80Ab2596) was officially released in November 2019 for production in the high altitude areas and similar agro-ecologies of the country. The pre-basic and basic seeds of the released variety Walqaa (SRCPX80Ab2596) are maintained by the feeds and nutrition research program of Holetta Agricultural Research Center.
OMO International Journal of Sciences, May 17, 2023
The study was executed to evaluate the agro-morphological and nutritional performance of four nar... more The study was executed to evaluate the agro-morphological and nutritional performance of four narrow-leafed blue sweet lupin varieties (Australian lupin, Probor, Sanabor, and Vitabor) sown with five seeding rates (60, 70, 80, 90, and 100 kg/ha) during the main cropping seasons of 2014 and 2015 at Holetta in the central highlands of Ethiopia. Randomized complete block design replicated three times in factorial arrangements was used for experimenting. The lupin varieties were sown in rows with an inter-row spacing of 30 cm. At sowing, diammonium phosphate fertilizer at the rate of 100 kg/ha was uniformly applied for all treatments in both years. Data were collected on plant height, dry matter yield, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, seed yield, and nutritive value. All measured data were subjected to analysis of variance using procedures of SAS general linear model. The result revealed that plant height, number of pods per plant, and number of seeds per pod of lupin varieties were significantly (P<0.001) affected by experimental years. The varietal difference was the major cause of variation (P<0.05) for dry matter yield, the number of pods per plant, and seed yield. The Sanabor, Probor and Vitabor varieties had 38, 23, and 20% dry matter yield advantage over the introduced Australian lupin variety, respectively. The Sanabor variety which produced the highest seed yield had 25, 17, and 14% seed yield advantages over Vitabor, Australian lupin, and Probor variety, respectively. The seed yield performance of lupin varieties was positively correlated with the number of pods per plant while it was negatively correlated with the number of seeds per pod. The dry matter yield and number of seeds per pod were also significantly (P<0.05) affected by seeding rates of lupin varieties. The dry matter yield of lupin varieties increased with increasing seeding rates indicating the tested lupin varieties had a low tillering performance. The number of seeds per pod of lupin varieties decreased with increasing seeding rates. On the other hand, the nutritive values did not differ significantly (P>0.05) among the tested lupin varieties. However, Vitabor variety
African journal of agricultural research, May 31, 2024
A feeding trial was conducted using sainfoin hay at 0, 10, 20 and 30% on a dry matter basis of in... more A feeding trial was conducted using sainfoin hay at 0, 10, 20 and 30% on a dry matter basis of inclusion to yearling rams placed on, T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively, to substitute Noug seed cake in concentrate (wheat bran + Noug seed cake + common salt + wheat straw as a basal diet). Yearling 24 rums were selected on the basis of age and weight similarity and randomly assigned to the four treatments in RCBD with six replicates. At the end of the 90-day feeding trial, three sheep per treatment were randomly assigned either for the digestibility trial and/or carcass characteristics evaluation. Crude protein (CP) digestibility, daily weight gain, and feed conversion efficiency recorded the highest in T4 and T2. Lower dressing percentage with higher ether extract was recorded in T1. The rib eye muscle CP recorded the highest in T2 and T3. Lower water-to-protein ratio and higher caloric value were higher in T2 and T3 and T2, respectively. The marginal rate of return was the highest in T4, followed by T2. Therefore, the inclusion of a graded-level of sainfoin hay as a substitute for the expensive Noug seed protein in a tropical poor roughage basal diet seems to be appealing under the current Ethiopian condition.
Background Dry brewer spent yeast (DBSY) has high crude protein (CP) (43.2%) and metabolizable en... more Background Dry brewer spent yeast (DBSY) has high crude protein (CP) (43.2%) and metabolizable energy (14.3 MJ/kg) contents and it is an alternative animal feed for the improvement of the productive and reproductive performance of the animals. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of DBSY on the chemical composition, in vitro digestibility, and in situ degradability of wheat straw (WS). Methods Liquid brewer spent yeast (BSY) and water was mixed at a ratio of 1:5, respectively. The mixed debris soaked for 7 h in a 200-L plastic bucket. The water accumulated above the biomass was removed by tilting the container after the BSY was soaked in water. After three days of sun drying, DBSY was collected and removed with a scraper. The DBSY and wheat straw (WS) mixed uniformly. Different ratios of DBSY: WS (0:100, 10:90, 20:80, 30:70, 40:60, and 50:50, respectively, on a DM basis) were prepared. Based on these ratios, the experiment was subjected to a completely randomized design w...
The role and importance of livestock in smallholder crop-livestock systems and the importance of ... more The role and importance of livestock in smallholder crop-livestock systems and the importance of crop residues (CR) as ruminant feedstuffs in such systems are well established. The effects of genotype (G), environment (E) and crop management (M) factors on yields of grain and CR and the nutritive value of the CR of maize (Zea mays) and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) were investigated in an East African context. Genotype effects were examined in early and medium maturing (EM and MM, respectively) maize hybrids and popular varieties of common bean. Environment was examined at three sites for maize in the 2013 and 2014 cropping seasons and at four sites for common bean in 2013. Management effects examined were plant density (D) (5 and 7 plants/m 2), height of cutting at harvest in maize, and harvest at early and final seed maturity in common bean. Quality attributes (nitrogen (N), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) contents and dry matter digestibility (DMD)) were analysed using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and calibrations expanded and validated with reference samples of CR representing the experimental sample set. There was substantial variation (P<0.05 to P<0.0001) among maize genotypes in yields of grain and stover and quality of stover as a feedstuff. Dual purpose genotypes were
Rumen degradability of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) of feeds cont... more Rumen degradability of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) of feeds containing different concentrate to sorghum fodder ratio was studied with the in situ nylon bag technique. The different fodder concentrate ratio samples were incubated in the ...
Desho (Pennisetum glaucifolium) grass is one of the indigenous cultivated multipurpose perennial ... more Desho (Pennisetum glaucifolium) grass is one of the indigenous cultivated multipurpose perennial forage crops grown for animal feed and soil conservation practices in Ethiopia. This study was conducted to evaluate desho grass varieties for their morphological characteristics, dry matter yield performance, and nutritive value in the central highlands of Ethiopia. The study was conducted at Holetta Agricultural Research Center during the main cropping seasons of 2013 - 2017 under rain fed conditions. Four varieties of desho grass, viz. Areka (DZF # 590), Kulumsa (DZF # 592), Kindu Kosha-1 (DZF # 591), and Kindu Kosha-2 (DZF # 589) were planted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Though the plant height of desho grass varieties was not significant (P>0.05) at each production year and combined over years, it significantly differed among the production years. The number of nodes per plant and leaf to stem ratio varied significantly while the internod...
Livestock production takes a considerable part of the country's national income. Nevertheless, th... more Livestock production takes a considerable part of the country's national income. Nevertheless, the sub-sector has not fully been exploited because of low productivity, which is the result of several factors, among which feed is the major one.
IntroductionMeasurement of the nutritive value of feedstuffs with near infrared reflectance spect... more IntroductionMeasurement of the nutritive value of feedstuffs with near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) laboratory benchtop spectrometers is well-established. The aim of this study was to examine the reliability and accuracy of a handheld low-cost Tellspec NIRS spectrometer for measurement of the nutritive value of oilseed meals.MethodsSamples (n=142) comprising byproduct meals from processing linseed, noug seed, cotton seed, groundnut, rapeseed, soybeans, and sunflower seeds were collected from farms, oil factories, wholesalers, and retail shops in central Ethiopia. Samples were scanned ‘as received’ (UGr) and also following drying and grinding (Gr), and were scanned once, twice, and ten times in a 2x3 factorial experimental design. Laboratory analyses of total nitrogen (TN), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) provided reference measurements. Calibration models were develo...
The study was conducted to evaluate thirteen pre-screened lablab purpureus (L) genotypes out of n... more The study was conducted to evaluate thirteen pre-screened lablab purpureus (L) genotypes out of ninety eight genotypes that introduced from ILRI Addis Ababa, Ethiopia for their potentials on dry matter and forage yield and also chemical compositions and in-vitro dry matter digestibility under lowland conditions of South West Ethiopia. The experiment was performed in three locations for two consecutive years during 2018–2019 and 2020–2021 cropping season. It performed by using completely randomized block design with three replications and analyzed by using SAS software version 9.3. Dry matter yield was significant (p < 0.001) whereas, seed yield was not significant (p > 0.05) among the genotypes. The second level interaction effect genotype-year-location was not significant (p > 0.05) for both dry matter and seed yield. However, the first level genotype-location interaction effect was significant at (p < 0.001) for dry matter and (p < 0.05) for seed yield. Those show t...
A Small proportion of brewer’s spent yeast (BSY) is used as a protein source to replace costly bu... more A Small proportion of brewer’s spent yeast (BSY) is used as a protein source to replace costly but conventionally used agro-industrial by-product feeds in Ethiopia with large volumes seen accumulated at production sites causing disposal and public health problems. Consequently, there is a need to develop appropriate ways of using this by-product as livestock feed. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect BSY inclusion level and ensiling duration (ED) on fermentative, fungal load dynamics, and nutritional characteristics of fresh brewer’s spent-yeast based silage. Fresh brewery by-product samples were obtained from Heineken beer factory whereas wheat bran (WB) used as an input for formulating the silage material was purchased from a nearby animal feed processing plant. The ratio of brewery spent grain (BSG) to WB used majorly as protein and energy sources, respectively were 30:69 with 1% salt addition. To prepare the silages materials, 4 BSY inclusion levels (0, 10, 20 and, 30...
Dry brewery spent yeast has high protein (43.5% CP) and metabolizable (14.3 MJ/kg DM) contents an... more Dry brewery spent yeast has high protein (43.5% CP) and metabolizable (14.3 MJ/kg DM) contents and it is an effective animal feed. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the chemical composition, invitro digestibility, and in situ degradability of sun-dried brewer’s yeast and wheat straw. Liquid brewer's waste yeast (BSY) and water were mixed at ratios of 1:5 each, respectively. The mixed debris was immersed for 7 hours in a 200-litter plastic bucket. The material was placed in a fixed location and given time to allow the biomass (residues) to settle in the foundation of the materials. Water accumulated above the biomass was easily removed by tilting the container after the BSY had been soaked with water. After washing the floor to get rid of any dust, the biomass was poured over the area to dry. After three days of sun drying, the dried brewery yeast was collected and removed by using a scraper. The dry spent yeast (DY) and wheat straw (WS) was milled (1-2mm) and mixed uniforml...
Ethiopian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Jan 30, 2021
The study was conducted in 2019 at Ada'abrega sub-centre of Holetta Agricultural Research. A tota... more The study was conducted in 2019 at Ada'abrega sub-centre of Holetta Agricultural Research. A total of eighteen posts weaned female Jersey calves (weighing, 72 ± 1.33 kg, mean ± SE) were selected and randomly assigned in two sample T-test each having nine calves. The treatments were control diet consisting of natural pasture hay (50%) basal diet and concentrate mixture (50%) separately (T1) and dual purpose green maize stover silage (50%) and concentrate mixture (50%) based total mixed ration (TMR) (T2). The experiment took 180 days of feeding trial and 7 days of a digestibility trial. The daily dry matter intake of calves fed T2 (5.41 kg) was higher (p<0.05) than those calves receiving T1 (4.64 kg). Daily nutrient intake of calves receiving the intervention diet (T2) followed a similar trend as for DM intake. Feed digestibility was significantly affected (p<0.05) by diets and calves fed T2 showed higher (p<0.05) apparent dry matter digestibility than calves fed T1 diets. A feed conversion ratio of the calves was not affected (p>0.05) by diets but the average daily weight gain of calves in the T2 group (530g) was higher (p<0.05) than those calves in a group (450g). In conclusion, the growth performance of calves fed the dual purpose green maize stover silage based total mixed ration diet was superior to calves fed natural pasture hay and concentrate mixture following the Growth Performance of Jersey Calves Fed Maize Stover Silage [94] conventional feeding practice. A follow up research is needed to investigate comparative advantages of using maize crop for dual purposes (food & feed) than as a food for human alone considering both biological responses and economic returns that arise thereof.
Ethiopian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Jan 30, 2021
አህፅሮት &nbsp;ይህ ጥናት የተካሄደው በ2011 ዓ.ም በሆለታ ግብርና ምርምር ማዕከል ነበር፡፡ የጥናቱ ዋና ዓላማ የበቆሎ ገፈራን ከተለያዩ የኢን... more አህፅሮት &nbsp;ይህ ጥናት የተካሄደው በ2011 ዓ.ም በሆለታ ግብርና ምርምር ማዕከል ነበር፡፡ የጥናቱ ዋና ዓላማ የበቆሎ ገፈራን ከተለያዩ የኢንዱስትሪ ተረፈ ምርቶች ማለትም ፋግሎ፣ ፉርሽካ፣ ጥጥ ፍሬ፣ ሞላሰስ እና ጨውን በማዋሀድ በታላቢ የወተት ላሞች የወተት ምርት እና ተዋፅዖዎች (ለምሳሌ የቅባት፣ የገንቢ እና የማዕድናት ንጥረ-ነገሮች) ላይ የሚያሳድረውን ተፅዕኖ ማጥናት ነበር፡፡ ለዚህ ሙከራም በቆሎን በመዝራትና በእሸት ደረጃው በማጭድ፡ በቆሎውን እና አገዳውን በመለያየት በቆሎውን በፀሀይ በማድረቅ እና ርጥብ የበቆሎ አገዳውን በመፍጭት (ከ5-10 ሳ.ሜ) ሙከራው ተጀመረ፡፡ አንድ እጅ የተፈጨ የበቆሎ አገዳን (ከ5-10 ሳ.ሜ) ከሶስት እጅ ሞላሰስ እና ውሃ ጋር በማዋሀድ ለተከታታይ 45 ቀናት በጉድጓድ በመቅበር የበቆሎ አገዳ ገፈራ ተዘጋጀ፡፡ ከዚህም በመቀጠል የተለያየ መጠን ያለው የበቆሎ አገዳ ገፈራ እና ኢንዱስትሪ ተረፈ ምርቶች በማዋሀድ ውህድ የእንስሳት መኖ ተዘጋጅቷል፡፡ ለዚህ ምርምር 1ኛ፡ የተፈጥሮ ድርቆሽ እና የኢንዱስትሪ ተረፈ ምርቶች(0.5 ኪ.ግ ለ1 ሊትር ወተት ምርት) ` 2ኛ፡- 70 እጅ የበቆሎ አገዳ ገፈራን ከ30 እጅ የኢንዱስትሪ ተረፈ ምርቶች&nbsp; 3ኛ፡ 60 እጅ የበቆሎ አገዳ ገፈራን ከ40 እጅ ከኢንዱስትሪ ተረፈ ምርቶች እና 4ኛ፡ 50 እጅ የበቆሎ አገዳ ገፈራን ከ50 እጅ ከኢንዱስትሪ ተረፈ ምርቶች ጋር በማዋሀድ ለታላቢ ላሞች ለተከታታይ አንድ መቶ (100) ቀናት በመመገብ በወተት ምርት እና ተዋፅዖዎች &nbsp;ላይ ያለውን ተፅዕኖ ማየት የተቻለ ሲሆን አራተኛው አማራጭ (50 እጅ የበቆሎ አገዳ ገፈራን ከ50 እጅ ከኢንዱስትሪ ተረፈ ምርቶች ጋር በማዋሀድ ለታላቢ ላሞች መመገብ) የተሻለ የወተት ምርት ማግኘት የተቻለ ሲሆን በሶስቱም የአመጋገብ አማራጮች ላይ የተጋነነ የወተት ተዋፅዖዎች ልዩነት አልታየም፡፡ &nbsp; Abstract &nbsp;This study was conducted at Holetta agricultural research center, Ethiopia with the major objectives to evaluate the effect of silage made from late maturing dual purpose maize crop on intake digestibility, milk yield and composition of dairy cows. A total of eight mid lactating F1 (Boran X Friesian) dairy cows with similar milk yield (9.1 ± 0.91 kg/d) but differing in parity (ranges one to four) were selected and randomly assigned into one of the four dietary treatments (T1=Natural pasture hay ad libitum + 0.5 kg concentrate mixture (CM) per liter of milk production; T2=TMR-1 (70% MSS: 30% CM) ;T3=TMR -2(60% MSS: 40% CM) and T4=TMR-3 (50% MSS: 50% CM) in a double 4X4 Latin square design. The cows fed T1 and T4 diet had similar DM, OM and NDF intakes (P&gt;0.05) which is significantly higher over cows receiving the remaining treatments (P&lt;0.05). On the other hand CP was significantly higher (P&lt;0.05) inT4 while the ADF intake was significantly higher (P&lt;0.05) in T1 compared to the other treatments. In addition to this, dietary treatments varied (P&lt;0.001) in terms of their apparent DM, OM and CP digestibility, with cows on T3 showed considerably higher (P&lt;0.05) digestibility for DM, OM and CP than cows on the control diet. Similarly, T4 had shown higher CP digestibility (P&lt;0.05) compared to the control group. However, the NDF and ADF digestibility were not affected by dietary treatments. Silage based total mixed ration improved daily milk yield with the higher (P&lt;0.01) milk being recorded for cows receiving T4 (10.2 litter/day). Dietary treatment had no effect (P&gt;0.05) on milk composition. Feeding maize stover silage harvested at late maturity to crossbred cows resulted better daily milk yield; however, further study is required on the economics aspect before the diet is recommended for wider use under field conditions in Ethiopia. &nbsp
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