A field trial was conducted to know the effect of hydrogel on growth, survival and performance of... more A field trial was conducted to know the effect of hydrogel on growth, survival and performance of young coffee seedlings (cv. CX R) under field condition. Prior to planting in the main field seedlings were exposed to the hydrogel at polybag stage and the best performed treatment seedlings were taken for planting in the main field. At polybagstage, among the different levels of hydrogel,seedlings received hydrogel 1 gm/ per polybag performed well compared to rest of the treatments. At field, observation on growth parameters showed significant difference among the different levels of hydrogel. Similarly, data on soil moisture and relative water contents (leaf) indicated that experiment plot planted with the seedlings which were pre-exposed to hydrogel 1 gram per polybag/ seedling at nursery level recorded higher soil moisture and relative water contents as compared to plots planted with normal seedlings. Further, among the different levels of hydrogel applied at main field, plants received hydrogel10 g/plant/year registered significantly higher soil moisture (20.04, 18.54 and 17.24 %) and relative water contents (77.58, 75.64 and 70.97 % ) followed by plants received hydrogel 5 g plant-1 year-1 ( 18.38, 16.75 and 15.29 % and 74.31, 70.94 and 68.85 % ),respectively during all the month of observation. Interaction effect showed higher soil moisture and relative water contents in seedling treated with hydrogel [1 g poly bag-1 (Seedling)] with plants received hydrogel 10 g plant-1 year-1 at main field. So it can be concluded that application of hydrogel conserved water thereby increasing the soil’s capacity for water storage, ensuring more available water, relative water content in leaves and plant growth increased under water stress condition.
Robusta coffee production largely depends upon irrigation and nutrition management practices. The... more Robusta coffee production largely depends upon irrigation and nutrition management practices. These factors determine the increase in productivity and quality of coffee. Therefore, restrictions of Robusta coffee production due to soil nutrient deficiencies can be removed by applying the right quantities of fertilizers at the right time with the right method. A long‐term experiment was conducted to study the impact of different fertigation levels on the yield, nutrient use efficiency and quality of Robusta coffee. The present experiment was conducted on a randomized block design consisting of six treatments with four replications over a period of 5 years from 2017 to 2021 at the Central Coffee Research Institute (CCRI), Balehonnuru, India. The results revealed that among different fertigation levels, fertigation with 75% and 100% of the recommended dose of fertilizer resulted in significantly higher yields (2117 kg ha−, 1821 kg ha−1) and yield attributing parameters, namely, total nu...
Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2020
BACKGROUND: Humic acid is a promising natural resource to be utilized as an alternative for incre... more BACKGROUND: Humic acid is a promising natural resource to be utilized as an alternative for increasing soil fertility and crop production. A field experiment was conducted on the loamy sand soil at the Central Coffee Research Institute research farm, Karnataka, India for 2 years to evaluate the influence of humic acid on yield and bean quality of coffee with six treatments. The treatments comprised of recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF), humic acid soil application and foliar spray along with nutrient mixture and growth hormones. RESULTS: The data of the yield attributes of coffee revealed that the highest total nodes per branch, crop nodes per branch, flower buds, total number of fruits per branch and fruit set percentage of 17.45, 9.4, 208.65, 153.31 and 3.28, respectively, were recorded by T 6 , which consists of RDF + humic acid granules at 10 kg acre −1 + nutrient mixture spray (1 kg urea, 1 kg SSP, 0.75 kg MOP, 1 kg ZnSO 4 + 75 mL Planofix 200 L −1 + humic acid at 600 mL 200 L −1 as foliar application 25 days after blossom) during the both years of study. Humic acid application significantly improved the yield in both seasons of research. The same trend was observed in coffee bean quality and tree nutrients status. Postharvest nutrient status in the soil did not show any significance. CONCLUSIONS: The study emphasized that application of humic acid as soil and foliar application improves the yield attributes, yield and quality of coffee apart from the economic profitability.
Herbal treatment is the natural form of healing or alternative therapy, where herbs or plants are... more Herbal treatment is the natural form of healing or alternative therapy, where herbs or plants are used in the form of extract, pills, syrup to cure diseases of human or it is the use of plants (herbs) to treat disease and enhance wellbeing. Herbal treatment is used to treat a range of disorders including anxiety, depression, high blood pressure, hormonal imbalance, migraines, skin problems and other disorders. Herbal medicine has its origins in ancient cultures including those of the Egyptians, Americans, Indians and Chinese. At present, thousand of plant metabolites are being successfully used for the treatment of variety of disorders. The World Health Organization estimated that 80% of people worldwide rely on herbal medicines for some part of their primary health care. Increased side effects, lack of curative treatment for several chronic diseases, high cost of new drugs, microbial resistance and emerging, diseases are some reasons for renewed public interest in plant based medic...
The decline in productivity has been attributed to factors, such as decrease in soil organic matt... more The decline in productivity has been attributed to factors, such as decrease in soil organic matter content, water holding capacity, loss of physical properties, and number and activity of soil flora and fauna. The plantation sector is constrained by the unstable prices of commodities and increase in the cost of production. Under such a situation, a re-orientation of strategies is required to develop production systems that are agriculturally sustainable, economically viable and environmentally sound. The maintenance and conservation of soil fertility is an integral component of agricultural sustainability, which can be achieved through appropriate management of organic resources available in the ecosystem in plenty. Recycling of vast resources of crop residues containing appreciable quantity of nutrients, produced by plantation crops, offer new avenues for nutrient management in plantation crops and cropping systems.
The impacts from climate change are already widespread and the consequences have been witnessed a... more The impacts from climate change are already widespread and the consequences have been witnessed all around the world. India is among the countries most affected by climate change according to Global Climate Risk Index (2017) and in particular the southern states where coffee is grown. Coffee is the second largest traded commodity in the world next to petroleum products. The major producing countries are Brazil, Colombia, Vietnam, Indonesia, Mexico, India and Guatemala, whose economies earn considerable foreign exchange from the export of coffee. These countries are facing local and global impacts of climate change over the decades as any fluctuations in temperature, rainfall, humidity, soil nutrients, moisture, sunlight, aeration and soil temperature could impact the growth and productivity of coffee plants. Hence, adaption of mitigation strategies involving actions to reduce global warming is an important option to overcome the impact of climate variations on coffee production.
Kalmegh is one of the important ingredients in various ayurvedic preparations used for fever and ... more Kalmegh is one of the important ingredients in various ayurvedic preparations used for fever and liver disease, which are commonly used by ayurvedic physicians. Kalmegh was recommended in “Charak Samhita” in 175 BC for treatments of jaundice along with other plants in multi plant preparation. Kalmegh is widely used in Indian traditional system of medicine against different ailments. It is reported that this plant possesses astringent, anodyne, tonic and alexipharmic properties which are useful in curing dysentery, cholera, diabetes, influenza, bronchitis, piles, hepatomegaly, skin disorder, fever and worm. The major bitter constituent in kalmegh is due to the presence of diterpene lactone called andrographolide. Looking at the utility and importance of Andrographis paniculata, an overview is conducted considering some useful aspects like, Therapeutic uses, genetic study, spacing, nutrition and harvesting studies to initiate systematic cultivation of medicinal plants in order to cons...
An investigation was carried out to study the performance of hydrogel on seed germination and gro... more An investigation was carried out to study the performance of hydrogel on seed germination and growth of young coffee seedlings in nursery at Central Coffee Research Institute, coffee Research Station, Balehonnur, Karnataka, during the year 2017-18. Results revealed that, nursery bed without gel achieved higher percent of seed germination (90 %) and was taken less number of days (35) to 50 % germination. Among the growth parameters, control recorded significantly maximum plant height (40 cm), number of leaves per plant (14), stem girth (0.51cm), total nodes per plant (7) and shoot dry matter partitioning (11gm) and the parameters like tap root length, root volume and root dry matter partitioning (29 cm, 9 cc/gm and 3 gm, respectively) was significantly higher in treatment T2 (1 gm gel per polybag. Hence, ash treatment (control) is the best and effective method to improve the germination and growth of young coffee seedlings.
An investigation was carried out to study the response of hydrogel on growth and water stress par... more An investigation was carried out to study the response of hydrogel on growth and water stress parameters of young coffee in field at Central Coffee Research Institute, coffee Research Station, during the year September 2016 and 2017. The trial was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. Data pertaining to growth parameters showed significant difference among the treatments during the both the years of study and in pooled means. Among the different levels of hydrogel applied at main field, plants received hydrogel at 30g/plant + Compost @ 2 kg/plant registered significantly highest growth parameters viz., plant height, number of leaves, number of primaries, length of primary, stem diameter, no. of nodes on main stem and bush spread (30.90 cm, 19.76, 2.50, 10.14 cm, 0.90 cm and 33.87 cm, respectively in 2016; 76.11cm, 38.56, 9.89, 29.39 cm, 1.12 cm and 48.61 cm, respectively in 2017 and 53.51 cm, 29.16, 6.20, 19.77 cm, 1.01 cm and 41.24 cm, respectively i...
An investigation was carried out to study the effect of spacing and NPK on growth, yield and nutr... more An investigation was carried out to study the effect of spacing and NPK on growth, yield and nutrient uptake by makoi under hill zone - 9 of Karnataka at Horticulture Research Station, Thirthahalli, University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot during the y ear 2013 - 14. The results revealed that, spacing of 60 x 45 cm and application of NPK fertilizer @ 125:75:75 kg /ha was found beneficial for getting higher growth, fruit yield and uptake of nutrients by makoi. Among different spacing levels , maximum plant h eight (70.41 cm) was noticed in S1 (60 x 45 cm) and the spacing of 60 x 60 cm (S2) recorded maximum number of branches (14.22) and maximum number of leaves (233.77), higher fresh and dry fruit yield (14.33 and 2.58 t/ha, respectively), N (92.41 kg/ha), P ( 13.13 kg/ha) and K (43.94 kg/ha) uptake by makoi. Among the different fertilizer levels, application of 125:75:75 kg NPK / ha (F8) recorded maximum plant height (74.27 cm), higher number of branches (15.23), higher number...
International Journal of Environment and Climate Change
In India, commercial cultivation of coffee relies upon two important species like Coffea arabica ... more In India, commercial cultivation of coffee relies upon two important species like Coffea arabica (Arabica coffee) and Coffea canephora (Robusta coffee). In the consumer market, arabica coffee is preferred for its fine beverage quality, aromatic characteristics and low caffeine content compared to robusta coffee. In India coffee is grown under natural agroecosystem offers arabica coffee to fetch premium price in the international market. In spite of the commercial importance and the appropriate environmental conditions, the drastic reduction of arabica coffee area in India is likely associated with lack of adaptability for each ecological zone of the region, susceptibility to coffee berry borer and leaf rust and increased cost of production coupled with low productivity (470 kg clean coffee/ha). Therefore to address the issues identification of resistance source is the important criteria in crop improvement programme. With this background the study was aimed at screening of exotic co...
A multi-location field experiment was initiated to boost the growth of supply planting of young c... more A multi-location field experiment was initiated to boost the growth of supply planting of young coffee seedlings in the main field during the year 2015-16 at Central Coffee Research Institute (CCRI) and its substations. Observations were recorded on growth parameters, root characters and percent mortality of the seedlings and statistical data were analysed with WASP Web Based Agricultural Statistics Software Package. Results indicated that all the treatments significantly improved plant growth and showed the better establishment of coffee seedlings in the field. The treatment with increased square pit size of 45 x 45 x 45 cm 3 , addition of rock phosphate at 30g, supplementation of 25 gm each of Azospirillum, PSB and VAM fungi enriched with 2 kg of compost and 10 gm of phorate per pit showed significantly increased tap root length (127%), root volume (113.82%), fresh root biomass (106.89%), dry root biomass (69.42%), secondary roots (72.59%), primaries branches (51.0%) and length of primaries (39%). The treatment with pit size of 30 x 30 x
A field trial was conducted to know the effect of hydrogel on growth, survival and performance of... more A field trial was conducted to know the effect of hydrogel on growth, survival and performance of young coffee seedlings (cv. CX R) under field condition. Prior to planting in the main field seedlings were exposed to the hydrogel at polybag stage and the best performed treatment seedlings were taken for planting in the main field. At polybagstage, among the different levels of hydrogel,seedlings received hydrogel 1 gm/ per polybag performed well compared to rest of the treatments. At field, observation on growth parameters showed significant difference among the different levels of hydrogel. Similarly, data on soil moisture and relative water contents (leaf) indicated that experiment plot planted with the seedlings which were pre-exposed to hydrogel 1 gram per polybag/ seedling at nursery level recorded higher soil moisture and relative water contents as compared to plots planted with normal seedlings. Further, among the different levels of hydrogel applied at main field, plants received hydrogel10 g/plant/year registered significantly higher soil moisture (20.04, 18.54 and 17.24 %) and relative water contents (77.58, 75.64 and 70.97 % ) followed by plants received hydrogel 5 g plant-1 year-1 ( 18.38, 16.75 and 15.29 % and 74.31, 70.94 and 68.85 % ),respectively during all the month of observation. Interaction effect showed higher soil moisture and relative water contents in seedling treated with hydrogel [1 g poly bag-1 (Seedling)] with plants received hydrogel 10 g plant-1 year-1 at main field. So it can be concluded that application of hydrogel conserved water thereby increasing the soil’s capacity for water storage, ensuring more available water, relative water content in leaves and plant growth increased under water stress condition.
Robusta coffee production largely depends upon irrigation and nutrition management practices. The... more Robusta coffee production largely depends upon irrigation and nutrition management practices. These factors determine the increase in productivity and quality of coffee. Therefore, restrictions of Robusta coffee production due to soil nutrient deficiencies can be removed by applying the right quantities of fertilizers at the right time with the right method. A long‐term experiment was conducted to study the impact of different fertigation levels on the yield, nutrient use efficiency and quality of Robusta coffee. The present experiment was conducted on a randomized block design consisting of six treatments with four replications over a period of 5 years from 2017 to 2021 at the Central Coffee Research Institute (CCRI), Balehonnuru, India. The results revealed that among different fertigation levels, fertigation with 75% and 100% of the recommended dose of fertilizer resulted in significantly higher yields (2117 kg ha−, 1821 kg ha−1) and yield attributing parameters, namely, total nu...
Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2020
BACKGROUND: Humic acid is a promising natural resource to be utilized as an alternative for incre... more BACKGROUND: Humic acid is a promising natural resource to be utilized as an alternative for increasing soil fertility and crop production. A field experiment was conducted on the loamy sand soil at the Central Coffee Research Institute research farm, Karnataka, India for 2 years to evaluate the influence of humic acid on yield and bean quality of coffee with six treatments. The treatments comprised of recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF), humic acid soil application and foliar spray along with nutrient mixture and growth hormones. RESULTS: The data of the yield attributes of coffee revealed that the highest total nodes per branch, crop nodes per branch, flower buds, total number of fruits per branch and fruit set percentage of 17.45, 9.4, 208.65, 153.31 and 3.28, respectively, were recorded by T 6 , which consists of RDF + humic acid granules at 10 kg acre −1 + nutrient mixture spray (1 kg urea, 1 kg SSP, 0.75 kg MOP, 1 kg ZnSO 4 + 75 mL Planofix 200 L −1 + humic acid at 600 mL 200 L −1 as foliar application 25 days after blossom) during the both years of study. Humic acid application significantly improved the yield in both seasons of research. The same trend was observed in coffee bean quality and tree nutrients status. Postharvest nutrient status in the soil did not show any significance. CONCLUSIONS: The study emphasized that application of humic acid as soil and foliar application improves the yield attributes, yield and quality of coffee apart from the economic profitability.
Herbal treatment is the natural form of healing or alternative therapy, where herbs or plants are... more Herbal treatment is the natural form of healing or alternative therapy, where herbs or plants are used in the form of extract, pills, syrup to cure diseases of human or it is the use of plants (herbs) to treat disease and enhance wellbeing. Herbal treatment is used to treat a range of disorders including anxiety, depression, high blood pressure, hormonal imbalance, migraines, skin problems and other disorders. Herbal medicine has its origins in ancient cultures including those of the Egyptians, Americans, Indians and Chinese. At present, thousand of plant metabolites are being successfully used for the treatment of variety of disorders. The World Health Organization estimated that 80% of people worldwide rely on herbal medicines for some part of their primary health care. Increased side effects, lack of curative treatment for several chronic diseases, high cost of new drugs, microbial resistance and emerging, diseases are some reasons for renewed public interest in plant based medic...
The decline in productivity has been attributed to factors, such as decrease in soil organic matt... more The decline in productivity has been attributed to factors, such as decrease in soil organic matter content, water holding capacity, loss of physical properties, and number and activity of soil flora and fauna. The plantation sector is constrained by the unstable prices of commodities and increase in the cost of production. Under such a situation, a re-orientation of strategies is required to develop production systems that are agriculturally sustainable, economically viable and environmentally sound. The maintenance and conservation of soil fertility is an integral component of agricultural sustainability, which can be achieved through appropriate management of organic resources available in the ecosystem in plenty. Recycling of vast resources of crop residues containing appreciable quantity of nutrients, produced by plantation crops, offer new avenues for nutrient management in plantation crops and cropping systems.
The impacts from climate change are already widespread and the consequences have been witnessed a... more The impacts from climate change are already widespread and the consequences have been witnessed all around the world. India is among the countries most affected by climate change according to Global Climate Risk Index (2017) and in particular the southern states where coffee is grown. Coffee is the second largest traded commodity in the world next to petroleum products. The major producing countries are Brazil, Colombia, Vietnam, Indonesia, Mexico, India and Guatemala, whose economies earn considerable foreign exchange from the export of coffee. These countries are facing local and global impacts of climate change over the decades as any fluctuations in temperature, rainfall, humidity, soil nutrients, moisture, sunlight, aeration and soil temperature could impact the growth and productivity of coffee plants. Hence, adaption of mitigation strategies involving actions to reduce global warming is an important option to overcome the impact of climate variations on coffee production.
Kalmegh is one of the important ingredients in various ayurvedic preparations used for fever and ... more Kalmegh is one of the important ingredients in various ayurvedic preparations used for fever and liver disease, which are commonly used by ayurvedic physicians. Kalmegh was recommended in “Charak Samhita” in 175 BC for treatments of jaundice along with other plants in multi plant preparation. Kalmegh is widely used in Indian traditional system of medicine against different ailments. It is reported that this plant possesses astringent, anodyne, tonic and alexipharmic properties which are useful in curing dysentery, cholera, diabetes, influenza, bronchitis, piles, hepatomegaly, skin disorder, fever and worm. The major bitter constituent in kalmegh is due to the presence of diterpene lactone called andrographolide. Looking at the utility and importance of Andrographis paniculata, an overview is conducted considering some useful aspects like, Therapeutic uses, genetic study, spacing, nutrition and harvesting studies to initiate systematic cultivation of medicinal plants in order to cons...
An investigation was carried out to study the performance of hydrogel on seed germination and gro... more An investigation was carried out to study the performance of hydrogel on seed germination and growth of young coffee seedlings in nursery at Central Coffee Research Institute, coffee Research Station, Balehonnur, Karnataka, during the year 2017-18. Results revealed that, nursery bed without gel achieved higher percent of seed germination (90 %) and was taken less number of days (35) to 50 % germination. Among the growth parameters, control recorded significantly maximum plant height (40 cm), number of leaves per plant (14), stem girth (0.51cm), total nodes per plant (7) and shoot dry matter partitioning (11gm) and the parameters like tap root length, root volume and root dry matter partitioning (29 cm, 9 cc/gm and 3 gm, respectively) was significantly higher in treatment T2 (1 gm gel per polybag. Hence, ash treatment (control) is the best and effective method to improve the germination and growth of young coffee seedlings.
An investigation was carried out to study the response of hydrogel on growth and water stress par... more An investigation was carried out to study the response of hydrogel on growth and water stress parameters of young coffee in field at Central Coffee Research Institute, coffee Research Station, during the year September 2016 and 2017. The trial was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. Data pertaining to growth parameters showed significant difference among the treatments during the both the years of study and in pooled means. Among the different levels of hydrogel applied at main field, plants received hydrogel at 30g/plant + Compost @ 2 kg/plant registered significantly highest growth parameters viz., plant height, number of leaves, number of primaries, length of primary, stem diameter, no. of nodes on main stem and bush spread (30.90 cm, 19.76, 2.50, 10.14 cm, 0.90 cm and 33.87 cm, respectively in 2016; 76.11cm, 38.56, 9.89, 29.39 cm, 1.12 cm and 48.61 cm, respectively in 2017 and 53.51 cm, 29.16, 6.20, 19.77 cm, 1.01 cm and 41.24 cm, respectively i...
An investigation was carried out to study the effect of spacing and NPK on growth, yield and nutr... more An investigation was carried out to study the effect of spacing and NPK on growth, yield and nutrient uptake by makoi under hill zone - 9 of Karnataka at Horticulture Research Station, Thirthahalli, University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot during the y ear 2013 - 14. The results revealed that, spacing of 60 x 45 cm and application of NPK fertilizer @ 125:75:75 kg /ha was found beneficial for getting higher growth, fruit yield and uptake of nutrients by makoi. Among different spacing levels , maximum plant h eight (70.41 cm) was noticed in S1 (60 x 45 cm) and the spacing of 60 x 60 cm (S2) recorded maximum number of branches (14.22) and maximum number of leaves (233.77), higher fresh and dry fruit yield (14.33 and 2.58 t/ha, respectively), N (92.41 kg/ha), P ( 13.13 kg/ha) and K (43.94 kg/ha) uptake by makoi. Among the different fertilizer levels, application of 125:75:75 kg NPK / ha (F8) recorded maximum plant height (74.27 cm), higher number of branches (15.23), higher number...
International Journal of Environment and Climate Change
In India, commercial cultivation of coffee relies upon two important species like Coffea arabica ... more In India, commercial cultivation of coffee relies upon two important species like Coffea arabica (Arabica coffee) and Coffea canephora (Robusta coffee). In the consumer market, arabica coffee is preferred for its fine beverage quality, aromatic characteristics and low caffeine content compared to robusta coffee. In India coffee is grown under natural agroecosystem offers arabica coffee to fetch premium price in the international market. In spite of the commercial importance and the appropriate environmental conditions, the drastic reduction of arabica coffee area in India is likely associated with lack of adaptability for each ecological zone of the region, susceptibility to coffee berry borer and leaf rust and increased cost of production coupled with low productivity (470 kg clean coffee/ha). Therefore to address the issues identification of resistance source is the important criteria in crop improvement programme. With this background the study was aimed at screening of exotic co...
A multi-location field experiment was initiated to boost the growth of supply planting of young c... more A multi-location field experiment was initiated to boost the growth of supply planting of young coffee seedlings in the main field during the year 2015-16 at Central Coffee Research Institute (CCRI) and its substations. Observations were recorded on growth parameters, root characters and percent mortality of the seedlings and statistical data were analysed with WASP Web Based Agricultural Statistics Software Package. Results indicated that all the treatments significantly improved plant growth and showed the better establishment of coffee seedlings in the field. The treatment with increased square pit size of 45 x 45 x 45 cm 3 , addition of rock phosphate at 30g, supplementation of 25 gm each of Azospirillum, PSB and VAM fungi enriched with 2 kg of compost and 10 gm of phorate per pit showed significantly increased tap root length (127%), root volume (113.82%), fresh root biomass (106.89%), dry root biomass (69.42%), secondary roots (72.59%), primaries branches (51.0%) and length of primaries (39%). The treatment with pit size of 30 x 30 x
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