The present study discusses an assessment of oil, grease, total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) and ... more The present study discusses an assessment of oil, grease, total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) and some heavy metals in surface and ground water within and around the Nigeria National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) depot, in Apata, Ibadan metropolis in other to assess the pollution status of the water. Samples were collected randomly within and around the depot. Control samples were taken from Awba dam and Obafemi Awolowo hall of residence, within the University of Ibadan. TPH, oil and grease were analyzed gravimetrically while the levels of heavy metals were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) The results revealed the presence of oil and grease in both surface and ground water with a value ranging from 59.74±4.92 to 67.35±2.21, and 10.48+1.21 to 34.94+5.04 mg/l compared to control sample with a value of, 37.21±4.77 and 12.17±0.78 mg/l respectively. Conversely, high values of TPH were recorded for both surface and groundwater in the studied area ranging from, 20.34±1.79 to 27.40±5.32 and 2.67±0.80 to 13.03±2.21mg/l respectively as against the control of 13.18±2.41 and 1.58±0.22 mg/l. The level of heavy metals concentration recorded in both surface and groundwater samples of studied sites were ranged from 0.162±0.015 to 0.195±0.011mg/l Pb, 0.279±0.088 to 0.315±0.085mg/l Cd, 5.063±0.377 to 5.096±0.373mg/l Zn, 0.103±0.0207 to 0.133±0.036mg/l Ni, 8.744±0.112 to 10.307±0.387mg/l Cu and 0.052±0.006 to 0.059±0.013mg/l Cr for surface water respectively while groundwater contained as much as 0.046±0.016 to 0.156±0.023mg/l Pb, 0.016±0.004 to 0.045±0.003mg/l Cd, 1.560±0.061mg/l to 2.972±0.136mg/l Zn, 0.015±0.006 to 0.315±0.037mg/l Ni, 2.256±0.121 to 4.820±0.288mg/l Cu and 0.0033±0.013 to 0.073±0.009mg/l Cr. A statistically significant difference at p<0.05 was found to exist between the concentrations of oil and grease, TPH and the analyzed metals collected from the sites and the control sites. Based on this study, the human and environmental risk to TPH, oil and grease, Pb, Cr, Ni, Cu, Cd and Zn in surface and ground water are high for now, as the concentrations were higher than those of the control sites and the recommended permissible limit of the World Health Organization (WHO), European and Union (EU). It is therefore recommended among others that primary treatment plant be install in all NNPC depot for the uptake of these toxicants which may pose treat to human health on bioaccumulation.
Surfactants are amphiphilic compounds that are widely used in various technological fields and bi... more Surfactants are amphiphilic compounds that are widely used in various technological fields and biological systems. In many of these applications, mixtures of amphiphiles in organic solvents are employed for better performance The work aims at establishing the extent of ideality or otherwise in the mixed micelles of n-alkyl trimethylammonium bromide, (n = 14 and 16 for TTABr and CTABr respectively), in water (AQ) and water-monoethanolamine (AQ-MEA) at different mole fractions (0.1 to 0.6) and temperatures by Conductance measurement.: The values of the critical micelle concentration (Cmx) obtained in AQ, and AQ-MEA were lower than that obtained assuming an ideal mixing system. Substantial deviation from ideality was observed in the presence of AQ-MEA at all temperatures, suggestive of more favourable association of the surfactants in MEA solvent. The composition (χ 1) of the mixed micelles obtained in the context of Rubingh's model showed that the micelles of CTABr were dominant, and the values of the interaction parameters (β mx) were negative in AQ and AQ-MEA media with more synergistic interaction in the latter case at 0.1:0.9 mole fraction ratio at a particular temperature. The values of the activity coefficients (f TTABr , f CTABr) were below unity, and the evaluation of the energetics of micellization showed that the process was spontaneous and feasible.
The level of some heavy metals , zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn) and iron (F... more The level of some heavy metals , zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe)) in Clariasgariepinusfrom Epe lagoon, earthen and concrete ponds within Epe were investigated using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) and the analysis of all the samples were done in triplicates. The results revealed the accumulation of metals differently in various parts of the fish namely the head, gills, trunk and tail. Cadmium (Cd) was detected in all the samples but below the permissible level which may be due to few industrial and domestic activities around the Epe axis and locations sampled. The order of accumulation of metals in C. gariepinus from both the lagoon and the ponds were Head>Tail>Gill>Trunk and the pattern of PTM distribution was Zn>Fe>Cd>Mn>Cu in all the organs. The concentration of cadmium in the fish sample obtained for lagoon was higher compared to a lower value of 0.166 and 0.114mg/L obtained for earthen and concrete ponds which ma...
The present study discusses an assessment of oil, grease, total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) and ... more The present study discusses an assessment of oil, grease, total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) and some heavy metals in surface and ground water within and around the Nigeria National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) depot, in Apata, Ibadan metropolis in other to assess the pollution status of the water. Samples were collected randomly within and around the depot. Control samples were taken from Awba dam and Obafemi Awolowo hall of residence, within the University of Ibadan. TPH, oil and grease were analyzed gravimetrically while the levels of heavy metals were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) The results revealed the presence of oil and grease in both surface and ground water with a value ranging from 59.74±4.92 to 67.35±2.21, and 10.48+1.21 to 34.94+5.04 mg/l compared to control sample with a value of, 37.21±4.77 and 12.17±0.78 mg/l respectively. Conversely, high values of TPH were recorded for both surface and groundwater in the studied area ranging from, 20.34±1.79 to 27.40±5.32 and 2.67±0.80 to 13.03±2.21mg/l respectively as against the control of 13.18±2.41 and 1.58±0.22 mg/l. The level of heavy metals concentration recorded in both surface and groundwater samples of studied sites were ranged from 0.162±0.015 to 0.195±0.011mg/l Pb, 0.279±0.088 to 0.315±0.085mg/l Cd, 5.063±0.377 to 5.096±0.373mg/l Zn, 0.103±0.0207 to 0.133±0.036mg/l Ni, 8.744±0.112 to 10.307±0.387mg/l Cu and 0.052±0.006 to 0.059±0.013mg/l Cr for surface water respectively while groundwater contained as much as 0.046±0.016 to 0.156±0.023mg/l Pb, 0.016±0.004 to 0.045±0.003mg/l Cd, 1.560±0.061mg/l to 2.972±0.136mg/l Zn, 0.015±0.006 to 0.315±0.037mg/l Ni, 2.256±0.121 to 4.820±0.288mg/l Cu and 0.0033±0.013 to 0.073±0.009mg/l Cr. A statistically significant difference at p<0.05 was found to exist between the concentrations of oil and grease, TPH and the analyzed metals collected from the sites and the control sites. Based on this study, the human and environmental risk to TPH, oil and grease, Pb, Cr, Ni, Cu, Cd and Zn in surface and ground water are high for now, as the concentrations were higher than those of the control sites and the recommended permissible limit of the World Health Organization (WHO), European and Union (EU). It is therefore recommended among others that primary treatment plant be install in all NNPC depot for the uptake of these toxicants which may pose treat to human health on bioaccumulation.
Surfactants are amphiphilic compounds that are widely used in various technological fields and bi... more Surfactants are amphiphilic compounds that are widely used in various technological fields and biological systems. In many of these applications, mixtures of amphiphiles in organic solvents are employed for better performance The work aims at establishing the extent of ideality or otherwise in the mixed micelles of n-alkyl trimethylammonium bromide, (n = 14 and 16 for TTABr and CTABr respectively), in water (AQ) and water-monoethanolamine (AQ-MEA) at different mole fractions (0.1 to 0.6) and temperatures by Conductance measurement.: The values of the critical micelle concentration (Cmx) obtained in AQ, and AQ-MEA were lower than that obtained assuming an ideal mixing system. Substantial deviation from ideality was observed in the presence of AQ-MEA at all temperatures, suggestive of more favourable association of the surfactants in MEA solvent. The composition (χ 1) of the mixed micelles obtained in the context of Rubingh's model showed that the micelles of CTABr were dominant, and the values of the interaction parameters (β mx) were negative in AQ and AQ-MEA media with more synergistic interaction in the latter case at 0.1:0.9 mole fraction ratio at a particular temperature. The values of the activity coefficients (f TTABr , f CTABr) were below unity, and the evaluation of the energetics of micellization showed that the process was spontaneous and feasible.
The level of some heavy metals , zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn) and iron (F... more The level of some heavy metals , zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe)) in Clariasgariepinusfrom Epe lagoon, earthen and concrete ponds within Epe were investigated using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) and the analysis of all the samples were done in triplicates. The results revealed the accumulation of metals differently in various parts of the fish namely the head, gills, trunk and tail. Cadmium (Cd) was detected in all the samples but below the permissible level which may be due to few industrial and domestic activities around the Epe axis and locations sampled. The order of accumulation of metals in C. gariepinus from both the lagoon and the ponds were Head>Tail>Gill>Trunk and the pattern of PTM distribution was Zn>Fe>Cd>Mn>Cu in all the organs. The concentration of cadmium in the fish sample obtained for lagoon was higher compared to a lower value of 0.166 and 0.114mg/L obtained for earthen and concrete ponds which ma...
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