This report presents the first national prevalence estimates for drug-involved driving derived fr... more This report presents the first national prevalence estimates for drug-involved driving derived from the recently completed 2007 National Roadside Survey (NRS). The NRS is a national field survey of alcohol-and drug-involved driving conducted primarily among nighttime ...
... ALR= administrative license revocation; MLDA= minimum legal drinking age; PS= per se BAC limi... more ... ALR= administrative license revocation; MLDA= minimum legal drinking age; PS= per se BAC limit; ZT= zero tolerance Source: Dang, 2008, p ... INVOLVEMENT Because the number of licensed drivers in varying age categories changes over time and the number of miles that are ...
Several national governments and most state governments in the USA have had to consider how to st... more Several national governments and most state governments in the USA have had to consider how to structure their interlock programs. The concept of "interlock program" used here includes: the laws that authorize the interlock program, the authority that monitors the program, the reports that pass between interlock providers and the decision-making authorities, the processes and the providers that assure delivery of services, the consequences for violations, the hooks into treatment (if they exist) etc. Currently there is no consensus model for how these programs should work or be structured. Some states have a pragmatic approach to the meaning of elevated BAC lockouts, whereas for others, BAC lockouts trigger corrective or punitive consequences. In some cases, states defer to the ignition interlock provider organizations for ideas about program features.
ICADTS is an independent nonprofit body and its goal is to reduce mortality and morbidity brought... more ICADTS is an independent nonprofit body and its goal is to reduce mortality and morbidity brought about by misuse of alcohol and drugs (licit and illicit) by operators of vehicles in all modes of transportation. To accomplish this goal, the Council sponsors international and regional conferences to collect, disseminate, and share essential information among professionals in the fields of law, medicine, public health, economics, law enforcement, public information and education, human factors, and public policy. The Council also publishes the proceedings of its conferences, reports of its working groups, and a quarterly newsletter.
Perhaps the most significant limit on the effectiveness of vehicle interlocks is the failure of c... more Perhaps the most significant limit on the effectiveness of vehicle interlocks is the failure of current programs to motivate more than a small fraction of eligible offenders to enroll in an interlock program. A major factor in that problem is the ability of offenders to deny that they own a vehicle. This paper discusses a method for providing an alternate control system that, being less desirable for the offender, should increase the proportion of convicted impaired drivers in interlock programs.
ICADTS is an independent nonprofit body and its goal is to reduce mortality and morbidity brought... more ICADTS is an independent nonprofit body and its goal is to reduce mortality and morbidity brought about by misuse of alcohol and drugs (licit and illicit) by operators of vehicles in all modes of transportation. To accomplish this goal, the Council sponsors international and regional conferences to collect, disseminate, and share essential information among professionals in the fields of law, medicine, public health, economics, law enforcement, public information and education, human factors, and public policy. The Council also publishes the proceedings of its conferences, reports of its working groups, and a quarterly newsletter.
The alcohol ignition interlock markedly reduces alcohol impaired driving, but once the interlocks... more The alcohol ignition interlock markedly reduces alcohol impaired driving, but once the interlocks are removed, repeat DUI offenses climb to near control levels. This study, now in its fourth year, evaluates interlock using DUI offenders to determine if a motivational intervention will prevent the usual return to impaired driving that follows interlock removal. Validation of intervention studies of this type requires years for post-program conviction data to accumulate. In the interim, pre and post program assessments provide some risk indication. Positive program impact can be more confidently inferred if self-reported pre-post change in assessments is corroborated by alcohol interlock breath test data showing a reduction in the proportion of all BAC tests that are elevated above .02% (20 mg/dl). In this preliminary report, 196 of 350 subjects have now completed a manualized 12 hour, six month motivational enhancement program designed specifically for interlock users. The interventi...
This study contrasts alternative combinations of behavioral and biological markers to predict ris... more This study contrasts alternative combinations of behavioral and biological markers to predict risk of alcohol-impaired driving. Subjects are convicted DUI offenders in Alberta who will use alcohol interlock devices on their cars as a path to license reinstatement. Repeat DUI convictions are low sensitivity, but 100% high specificity criteria for alcohol problem behavior. (We have previously shown that the proportion of alcohol interlock BAC tests =>.02% (20 mg/dl) is a valid predictor of future DUI and a high sensitivity high specificity proxy for alcohol problems.) In the current project, at the time of alcohol interlock installation paid research subjects provide blood and hair samples as well as self-report assessments of their alcohol use, severity of alcohol dependence, and adverse consequences resulting from their drinking. Subsequent measures are collected at six months. Self-report items include the DIS-C, TLFB, AUDIT, and DrinC; serum biomarkers include GGT, ALT, AST, %C...
This study evaluates two different types of transdermal ethanol sensors during continuous wear. C... more This study evaluates two different types of transdermal ethanol sensors during continuous wear. Crimes committed while someone is impaired by alcohol ordinarily range from DUI to various forms of violent injury to self and others. The courts try to control this behavior with jail, house arrest, ignition interlocks, BAC monitoring and other approaches. There is a segment of this population that will resist all but the most intrusive controls. Long-term jail is impractical, and periodic BAC monitoring has limitations since many drinking episodes go undetected. Wearable electrochemical transdermal ethanol sensors can detect some portion of the approximately 1% of ethanol that escapes as ethanol vapor from the skin surface. Currently with 1200 units in service, one device the AMS SCRAM (an ankle-mounted sensor) captures data with regular sampling as often as 30 minute intervals. The device remotely sends this information daily via modem to a server. From there it is processed, interpret...
Since 1995, DUI offenders assigned to the interlock have been under study to assess the impact of... more Since 1995, DUI offenders assigned to the interlock have been under study to assess the impact of a four-part program of supportive guidance in Alberta, Canada. The program combines motivational interviewing with education, planning and referrals. The purpose of the program is to attempt to slow the expected rate of increase in DUI re-offenses once the interlock is removed. Success is measured by lower repeat DUI offenses after the interlock is removed. There are two primary data sources to document an impact of supplemental services: the interlock's internal event recorder and the driving record. Over 2300 interlock offenders taking a median of more than 2000 breath tests, were studied during the full period the interlock was installed. The proportion of warn (i.e., BAC .02-.039% = 20-39 mg/dl) and fail (i.e., BAC $.04% = $40 mg/dl) violations declined by over 50% during the course of the installed period. Those drivers in the intervention site were regularly interviewed there ...
This report presents the first national prevalence estimates for drug-involved driving derived fr... more This report presents the first national prevalence estimates for drug-involved driving derived from the recently completed 2007 National Roadside Survey (NRS). The NRS is a national field survey of alcohol-and drug-involved driving conducted primarily among nighttime ...
... ALR= administrative license revocation; MLDA= minimum legal drinking age; PS= per se BAC limi... more ... ALR= administrative license revocation; MLDA= minimum legal drinking age; PS= per se BAC limit; ZT= zero tolerance Source: Dang, 2008, p ... INVOLVEMENT Because the number of licensed drivers in varying age categories changes over time and the number of miles that are ...
Several national governments and most state governments in the USA have had to consider how to st... more Several national governments and most state governments in the USA have had to consider how to structure their interlock programs. The concept of "interlock program" used here includes: the laws that authorize the interlock program, the authority that monitors the program, the reports that pass between interlock providers and the decision-making authorities, the processes and the providers that assure delivery of services, the consequences for violations, the hooks into treatment (if they exist) etc. Currently there is no consensus model for how these programs should work or be structured. Some states have a pragmatic approach to the meaning of elevated BAC lockouts, whereas for others, BAC lockouts trigger corrective or punitive consequences. In some cases, states defer to the ignition interlock provider organizations for ideas about program features.
ICADTS is an independent nonprofit body and its goal is to reduce mortality and morbidity brought... more ICADTS is an independent nonprofit body and its goal is to reduce mortality and morbidity brought about by misuse of alcohol and drugs (licit and illicit) by operators of vehicles in all modes of transportation. To accomplish this goal, the Council sponsors international and regional conferences to collect, disseminate, and share essential information among professionals in the fields of law, medicine, public health, economics, law enforcement, public information and education, human factors, and public policy. The Council also publishes the proceedings of its conferences, reports of its working groups, and a quarterly newsletter.
Perhaps the most significant limit on the effectiveness of vehicle interlocks is the failure of c... more Perhaps the most significant limit on the effectiveness of vehicle interlocks is the failure of current programs to motivate more than a small fraction of eligible offenders to enroll in an interlock program. A major factor in that problem is the ability of offenders to deny that they own a vehicle. This paper discusses a method for providing an alternate control system that, being less desirable for the offender, should increase the proportion of convicted impaired drivers in interlock programs.
ICADTS is an independent nonprofit body and its goal is to reduce mortality and morbidity brought... more ICADTS is an independent nonprofit body and its goal is to reduce mortality and morbidity brought about by misuse of alcohol and drugs (licit and illicit) by operators of vehicles in all modes of transportation. To accomplish this goal, the Council sponsors international and regional conferences to collect, disseminate, and share essential information among professionals in the fields of law, medicine, public health, economics, law enforcement, public information and education, human factors, and public policy. The Council also publishes the proceedings of its conferences, reports of its working groups, and a quarterly newsletter.
The alcohol ignition interlock markedly reduces alcohol impaired driving, but once the interlocks... more The alcohol ignition interlock markedly reduces alcohol impaired driving, but once the interlocks are removed, repeat DUI offenses climb to near control levels. This study, now in its fourth year, evaluates interlock using DUI offenders to determine if a motivational intervention will prevent the usual return to impaired driving that follows interlock removal. Validation of intervention studies of this type requires years for post-program conviction data to accumulate. In the interim, pre and post program assessments provide some risk indication. Positive program impact can be more confidently inferred if self-reported pre-post change in assessments is corroborated by alcohol interlock breath test data showing a reduction in the proportion of all BAC tests that are elevated above .02% (20 mg/dl). In this preliminary report, 196 of 350 subjects have now completed a manualized 12 hour, six month motivational enhancement program designed specifically for interlock users. The interventi...
This study contrasts alternative combinations of behavioral and biological markers to predict ris... more This study contrasts alternative combinations of behavioral and biological markers to predict risk of alcohol-impaired driving. Subjects are convicted DUI offenders in Alberta who will use alcohol interlock devices on their cars as a path to license reinstatement. Repeat DUI convictions are low sensitivity, but 100% high specificity criteria for alcohol problem behavior. (We have previously shown that the proportion of alcohol interlock BAC tests =>.02% (20 mg/dl) is a valid predictor of future DUI and a high sensitivity high specificity proxy for alcohol problems.) In the current project, at the time of alcohol interlock installation paid research subjects provide blood and hair samples as well as self-report assessments of their alcohol use, severity of alcohol dependence, and adverse consequences resulting from their drinking. Subsequent measures are collected at six months. Self-report items include the DIS-C, TLFB, AUDIT, and DrinC; serum biomarkers include GGT, ALT, AST, %C...
This study evaluates two different types of transdermal ethanol sensors during continuous wear. C... more This study evaluates two different types of transdermal ethanol sensors during continuous wear. Crimes committed while someone is impaired by alcohol ordinarily range from DUI to various forms of violent injury to self and others. The courts try to control this behavior with jail, house arrest, ignition interlocks, BAC monitoring and other approaches. There is a segment of this population that will resist all but the most intrusive controls. Long-term jail is impractical, and periodic BAC monitoring has limitations since many drinking episodes go undetected. Wearable electrochemical transdermal ethanol sensors can detect some portion of the approximately 1% of ethanol that escapes as ethanol vapor from the skin surface. Currently with 1200 units in service, one device the AMS SCRAM (an ankle-mounted sensor) captures data with regular sampling as often as 30 minute intervals. The device remotely sends this information daily via modem to a server. From there it is processed, interpret...
Since 1995, DUI offenders assigned to the interlock have been under study to assess the impact of... more Since 1995, DUI offenders assigned to the interlock have been under study to assess the impact of a four-part program of supportive guidance in Alberta, Canada. The program combines motivational interviewing with education, planning and referrals. The purpose of the program is to attempt to slow the expected rate of increase in DUI re-offenses once the interlock is removed. Success is measured by lower repeat DUI offenses after the interlock is removed. There are two primary data sources to document an impact of supplemental services: the interlock's internal event recorder and the driving record. Over 2300 interlock offenders taking a median of more than 2000 breath tests, were studied during the full period the interlock was installed. The proportion of warn (i.e., BAC .02-.039% = 20-39 mg/dl) and fail (i.e., BAC $.04% = $40 mg/dl) violations declined by over 50% during the course of the installed period. Those drivers in the intervention site were regularly interviewed there ...
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