Some recent studies show increased levels of apoptosis in cancer cell cultures utilized for phyto... more Some recent studies show increased levels of apoptosis in cancer cell cultures utilized for phytonutrient effect studies when a low dose of X-rays is initially given. We consider some of the effect...
International journal of advanced research, Jan 31, 2023
The Soufriere Hills Volcano of Montserrat has ancient origins and roared back to life in 1995 wre... more The Soufriere Hills Volcano of Montserrat has ancient origins and roared back to life in 1995 wreaking severe havoc and damage to the inhabitants, geography, and ecosystems of the Island. The pyroclastic ash flow reached temperatures of 1500 °F and progressed down the hillsides at speeds of 80 mph, causing incineration and virtual destruction of everything in its path, while the gaseous and particulate laden plume reached altitudes of 35,000 feet, impacting air quality and aircraft navigation. The local health authorities recommended masking and physical protection from any potentially harmful effects from the ash to all residents who remained on Island following the 1995 eruption. Volcanic ash can be an irritant to exposed skin and respiratory surfaces upon contact due in part to the sharp and jagged nature of the microcrystalline particulate matter. In addition, the minute size of the smallest particulate matter can impact deep into the unprotected respiratory tree in humans and animals, potentially causing severe respiratory injury. The composition and physicochemical nature of the ash was largely unknown in 1995 and subsequent years. The current study was designed to determine the geochemical composition of the ash. Samples of ash were collected from 7 locations and water samples from three free flowing creeks in Montserrat and indicated that the creek water was acidic in nature. The mean pH of water was 5.2, while the ash showed abundant levels of Iron, Phosphorus, Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium, Aluminum, and sulfur, in addition to lower concentrations of potassium, boron, copper and zinc and intermediate concentrations of Manganese and was devoid of toxic minerals including lead and mercury. The emergence of acute respiratory issues was not found to exceed similar events in other healthy populations including individuals relocated to the UK. In conclusion, direct human and animal exposure to Montserrat volcanic ash was deemed non-harmful to humans when adequate protective measures including masking and exposure precautions were undertaken, while the rich mineral content of the ash can provide a rich source of micronutrient mineralization to soils and surrounding seawaters and support vigorous revegetation and recovery of affected land and sea zones throughout the island community.
An estimated 220,800 new prostate cancer cases and 27,540 deaths are expected to occur in US men ... more An estimated 220,800 new prostate cancer cases and 27,540 deaths are expected to occur in US men by the end of 2015. Beta-lapachone (β-lap) is a promising anticancer bioreductive ortho-naphthoquinone. Recent studies suggest that β-lap kills cancer cells by targeting the NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) enzyme levels in cancer tissues. But LNCaP, a PCa cell line is deficient in NQO1 enzyme levels. In this study, the potential role of very low doses of x-ray radiation (VLDR) from a portable pyroelectric generator at 20mGy/hr in enhancing the chemopreventive effects of β-lap in LNCaP PCa cells were investigated. The combination treatment-induced cytotoxicity was investigated via MTT and Trypan blue exclusion assays. Dicoumarol (an NQO1 inhibitor) was co-administered to assess the effect of VLDR on NQO1 modulation. NBT assay was used to assess the intracellular ROS levels. Fluorescence microscopy was also used to assess the mode of cell death. The data suggests that VLDR induced a rise in ROS levels, followed by upregulation in NQO1 levels. The major mode of cell death by this combination therapy was found to be via Apoptosis. In conclusion, our results confirm that VLDR-induced NQO1 levels contribute to cell death.
One of the ways by which prostate cancer cells survive or become resistant to conventional therap... more One of the ways by which prostate cancer cells survive or become resistant to conventional therapies is through the ability to reprogram their metabolic pathways. Thus, justifying the need for studies to elucidate the efficacy of metabolic inhibitors in prostate cancer intervention. The purpose of this study was to investigate the synergistic effects of two metabolic pathway inhibitors - 3-bromopyruvate (3-BrPA) and genistein - on androgen sensitive (LNCaP) and androgen insensitive (DU145) spheroid prostate cancer cells separately primed or irradiated with very low doses of x-ray radiation (VLDR) and low frequency weak magnetic field radiation (MFR). Methods: Both PCa cells were cultured until they form spheroids and then irradiated with either VLDR (20mGy/hr) or MFR (10mT; 50Hz/hr) in separate groups. Cells were seeded and treated with varying doses of 3-BrPA and genistein in single or combination regimen. Cell viability, metabolic activity and cytotoxicity or LDH release levels were measured using MTT, Alamar blue and LDH assays respectively. NBT assay was used to determine treatment-induced ROS levels. mitochondrial membrane potential was determined by Rh123 and ethidium bromide fluorescent staining. Modes of Cell death were determined by fluorescent staining with acridine orange and ethidium bromide dyes, and by morphological identification of apoptotic and autophagic PCa cells. CompuSyn program was used to determine the time- and dose-dependent synergism between combination regimens. Results: Our results show that VLDR and weak MFR moderately inhibit cell proliferation in both PCa cell lines. However, LNCaP PCa cells were found to be more responsive to both VLDR or weak MFR compared to DU-145 PCa cells. Both VLDR and MFR suppresses ATP generation and increases ROS generation time-dependently in both cell lines. The most common cell death event found in MFR-exposed cells was a mixture of mitotic catastrophe and autophagy, while autophagic and slight apoptotic responses were observed in VLDR-exposed cells. 3-BrPA triggers more autophagic response in irradiated DU145 cells compared more apoptotic response in LNCaP cells. In contrast, genistein induced cell growth inhibition in both cell lines, but more effect was observed in LNCaP cells with dose-dependent apoptotic response. Combination of 3-BrPA and genistein forced PCa cells to undergo reprogrammed cell death, decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential and LDH levels significantly in a dose and time-dependently. Conclusion: The combination treatments show synergistic and significant inhibition of the glycolytic and mitochondrial metabolic pathways resulting in induction of apoptosis in radiochemosensitized PCa cells. Priming of cells with VLDR or MFR also enhanced the therapeutic effects of both metabolic inhibitors. Hence, reinforcing the potential benefit of metabolic inhibitors in prostate cancer treatment. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Saheed O. Oseni, Rolando Branly, Mirjana Pavlovic, James Kumi-Diaka. Synergistic effects of metabolic inhibitors on radiochemosensitized spheroid prostate cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5422. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-5422
The development of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPCs) has been linked to the ability of... more The development of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPCs) has been linked to the ability of prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs) to either resist or survive the inhibitory effect of androgen deprivation and radiation therapies. Dysregulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is a common phenomenon in CRPCs, resulting in survival, growth enhancement, resistance to apoptosis and altered metabolism. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have been shown to be surprisingly expressed in prostate cancer cells, which when activated could lead to activation of innate immune response and activation of other cell signaling pathways. Since, recent studies have identified links between TLR signaling and prostate cancer, TLR polymorphisms and prostate cancer risk, as well as possible cross-talks between TLR signaling and the PI3K pathway in immune cells, we hypothesized that there is a link between PI3K signaling pathway and TLR signaling in CRPCs. Our aim is to determine the synergism between targeting PI3K and TLR signaling in a combination regimen. Methods: PTEN-/- (PC3) and PTEN-/+ (DU145) castration-resistant prostate cancer cell lines (CRPCs) were used for this experiment. CRPCs cells were cultured and enriched for CD44+ spheroid cells either by low dose radiation or in serum-free media. CRPCs and stem-like spheroid cells were then treated with different concentration of PI3K, AKT, and mTOR inhibitors, as well as TLR agonists /antagonists as monotherapy. Combination regimens were also done as assess the synergistic effects of PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors and/or TLR ligands (agonists)/antagonists in CRPCs and/or spheroid cells. CRPCs or spheroid cells were assessed for treatment-induced effects such as cell viability (MTT assay), cell cytotoxicity (LDH), mode of cell death (fluorescent staining), protein expression profile (Western blot analysis), and redox activity (NBT assay). We also tested to assess treatment-induced inflammatory response via ELISA assay. Results: Our result shows that TLR 3, 4 and 9, were significantly differentially overexpressed in PTEN-/- CRPCs compared to PTEN-/+ CRPCs. The activation of these pathway results in PI3K signaling downstream. The co-targeting of PI3K signaling pathway with both PI3K inhibitors and TLR signaling modulators appears to be beneficial in preventing proliferation and stemness in PTEN-/- CRPCs compared to PTEN-/+ CRPCs. Co-administration of PI3K and TLR 4/9 agonist appears to be antagonistic but become synergistic when TLRs 4 and 9 signaling were inhibited using siRNAs. Conclusion: One of the advantages of this combination treatment method is that it proffers a solution to the often-encountered feedback loop observed when PI3K signaling inhibitors are used as monotherapy. This study has provided more insights on how targeting can be beneficial in the eradication of CRPCs when used along with PI3K signaling inhibitors. Citation Format: Saheed Oluwasina Oseni, Rolando Branly, Mirjana Pavlovic, James Kumi-Diaka. Co-targeting toll-like receptor and PI3K survival signaling pathways in stem-like castration resistant prostate cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5730.
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Jan 28, 2023
Volcanic soils have a well-earned reputation as potentially valuable sources of minerals and esse... more Volcanic soils have a well-earned reputation as potentially valuable sources of minerals and essential micronutrients that over time may contribute to the development of nutrient rich soils known as andisols that are capable of supporting abundant new plant and aquatic growth for decades during periods of volcanic recovery. 1-3 Most Volcanic ash is made of tiny jagged low density rock fragments of varying diameter, most less than 0.2 mm in diameter, plus finer dust particles as small as 0.2 µm in diameter which like the larger particles are virtually insoluble in water. 4,5 The larger, more coarse particles of volcanic ash have the consistency and feel like grains of sand, while very fine particles blended into the mixture have a have a smooth and powdery consistency. The smallest particulates have the capability of penetrating the most innermost parts of computers, electronics, aircraft engines, machinery and other finely manufactured surfaces where then can form an impermeable surface covering often contributing to instrument or mechanical failure. 6,7 Volcanic eruptions also result in the release of numerous potentially hazardous gasses into the atmosphere, including water, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide and hydrogen chloride. 4 The sulfur and halogen gases and associated metals are removed from the atmosphere by processes of chemical reactions, including dry and wet deposition on convenient surfaces and materials, and by adsorption onto the surface of the volcanic ash and granular particles. The crystalline-solid structures of the salts that may be formed from these chemical reactions may act more as an insulator than a conductor when in contact with electronic surfaces, in contrast to the liquid forms which may act as corrosive ionic conductors. In addition, the released gasses and particulates of the plume cloud block the sun's rays, temporarily disrupting ultraviolet radiation, and impart a transient environmental cooling effect.
In recent decades, there have been many technological innovations and improvement in the pedagogy... more In recent decades, there have been many technological innovations and improvement in the pedagogy of medical education. We have applied some of these developments to one of the most important and most fundamental elements in modern medical education, while combining traditional and innovative approaches. Gross anatomy is a core course for first year medical and some graduate students from the beginnings of time, since Nicholaes Tulp was first depicted by Rembrandt in the now classic painting “The Anatomy Lesson of Dr Tulp”. In the now famous Rembrandt, Dr Tulp is shown dissecting an unembalmed cadaver, while paid onlookers viewed the dissection of the cadaver with great interest. At USAT, the anatomy dissection begins with didactic lectures, much along the traditional lines, but with the exception that the discussion is orientated toward a clinical setting for each phase of the lectures. This is followed by lectures in Organ Systems Pathophysiology, Medical Biophysics, and finally by Introduction to the dissection laboratory. All dissections utilize fresh, unembalmed cadavers, all safety tested for hazards or pre‐existing infectious diseases before the start of the dissection, which takes place in a state of the art facility. Prior to the dissection, important sensitivity instruction is given, including acceptable respect, appropriate laboratory and clinical attire [scrubs, surgical gowns, and all needed instruments are provided each student], proper and expected personal demeanor during the dissection. During the dissections, which last for several days on each cadaver, key surgical and medical procedures that are likely to be needed during PGY‐I are demonstrated on each cadaver, including insertion of chest tubes, spinal taps, Intubation, topical and cosmetic suturing, endoscopy, 3‐D imaging, surgical technique, and others. The culmination of the dissection ends with each student being able to demonstrate the above procedures to standard, and with a complete functional dissection of the cadaver. At the conclusion of the lab body parts are recon our curricukum.nected and prepared for disposal and the ashes returned to the family that donated the cadaver. As an outcome, USAT anatomy lab has become one of the most sought after courses in the first year curriculum, with many student requesting to retake it multiple more times.Support or Funding InformationSupported by Institutional Resources of the College of Medicine, USAT MontserratThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
The Soufriere Hills Volcano of Montserrat has ancient origins and roared back to life in 1995 wre... more The Soufriere Hills Volcano of Montserrat has ancient origins and roared back to life in 1995 wreaking severe havoc and damage to the inhabitants, geography, and ecosystems of the Island. The pyroclastic ash flow reached temperatures of 1500 °F and progressed down the hillsides at speeds of 80 mph, causing incineration and virtual destruction of everything in its path, while the gaseous and particulate laden plume reached altitudes of 35,000 feet, impacting air quality and aircraft navigation. The local health authorities recommended masking and physical protection from any potentially harmful effects from the ash to all residents who remained on Island following the 1995 eruption. Volcanic ash can be an irritant to exposed skin and respiratory surfaces upon contact due in part to the sharp and jagged nature of the microcrystalline particulate matter. In addition, the minute size of the smallest particulate matter can impact deep into the unprotected respiratory tree in humans and ...
Infectious diseases have been a threat to human health globally. The relentless efforts and resea... more Infectious diseases have been a threat to human health globally. The relentless efforts and research have enabled us to overcome most of the diseases through the use of antiviral and antibiotic agents discovered and employed. Unfortunately, the microorganisms have the capability to adapt and mutate over time and antibiotic and antiviral resistance ensues. There are many challenges in treating infections such as failure of the microorganisms to respond to the therapeutic agents, which has led to more chronic infections, complications, and preventable loss of life. Thus, a multidisciplinary approach and collaboration is warranted to create more potent, effective, and versatile therapies to prevent and eradicate the old and newly emerging diseases. In the recent past, natural medicine has proven its effectiveness against various illnesses. Most of the pharmaceutical agents currently used can trace their origin to the natural products in one way, shape, or form. The full potential of na...
Broward Community College and Brevard Community College with support from the Boeing Company-KSC,... more Broward Community College and Brevard Community College with support from the Boeing Company-KSC, the Florida Space Institute, Texas A&M University and the Association of Small Payload Researchers (ASPR) will fly 3 remote sensing, 3 microgravity 2 radiation measurement experiments and 1 genotoxicology experiment in a Get Away Special (GAS) container through NASA’s GAS payload program. Students from fields as diverse as Chemistry, Biochemistry, Physics, Electrical, Computer and Mechanical Engineering, Astronomy, Marine Science, and Environmental Science will benefit from involvement in every level of design, fabrication, testing, calibration, and data analysis. Three earth viewing remote sensing experiments will include a hyperspectral imaging holographic Fourier transform spectrometer, a high radiometric accuracy narrow band 4 channel discrete radiometer, and a 3 channel high spatial resolution imager. Three microgravity experiments involve crystal growth: Calcium Tartrate crystals ...
Scholarly Commons Citation Sellar, R. Glenn; Branly, Rolando; Ayala, Adam I.; Bertiaux, Patrick L... more Scholarly Commons Citation Sellar, R. Glenn; Branly, Rolando; Ayala, Adam I.; Bertiaux, Patrick L.; Desrochers, David S.; Girard, Christopher J.; Johnson, David C.; Mayer, Andrew P.; Ku O, Chae; and Schaub, Ron, "Paper Session II-B High Efficiency Hyperspectral Imager for the Terrestrial and Atmospheric Multispectral Explorer" (2001). The Space Congress® Proceedings. 14. https://commons.erau.edu/space-congress-proceedings/proceedings-2001-38th/may-2-2001/14
Microscopy in Zero-Gravity presents numerous challenges from slide and sample preparations to dat... more Microscopy in Zero-Gravity presents numerous challenges from slide and sample preparations to data handling and recording. A team of several Florida schools has established a distributed engineering and science team in conjunction with FSI and FSRI at Kennedy Space Center to address critical issues for an ISS microscopy payload. Flights aboard the KC-135 reduced gravity aircraft have provided engineers, faculty and students with valuable experience applied to the design of sample preparation procedures. Current plans include the development of flight hardware for flight aboard ISS in 2006. The payload includes both a high resolution scanning probe microscopy (SPM) unit and a low resolution light microscopy unit. The development of a Zero-Gravity Microscopy Analysis Platform (ZG-MAP) combines industry effort, in conjunction with academia, to deliver ISS access to both seasoned researchers and students. Aim of the ZG-MAP Project The primary aim of the ZG-MAP project is to provide a si...
The G-781 Terrestrial and Atmospheric Multi-Spectral Explorer payload (TAMSE) is the result of an... more The G-781 Terrestrial and Atmospheric Multi-Spectral Explorer payload (TAMSE) is the result of an educational partnership between Broward and Brevard Community Colleges with the Association of Small Payload Researchers (ASPR) and the Florida Space Institute, University of Central Florida. The effort focuses on flying nine experiments, including three earth viewing remote sensing experiments, three microgravity experiments involving crystal growth, and three radiation measurement experiments. The G-781 science team, composed of both student and faculty members, has been working on this payload since 1995. The dream of flying the first Florida educational GAS experiment led to the flight of a passive Radiation dosimetry experiment on STS-91 (ASPR-GraDEx-I), which will be reflown as part of TAMSE. This project has lead to the development of a mature space science program within the schools. Many students have been positively touched by direct involvement with NASA and the GAS program a...
Some recent studies show increased levels of apoptosis in cancer cell cultures utilized for phyto... more Some recent studies show increased levels of apoptosis in cancer cell cultures utilized for phytonutrient effect studies when a low dose of X-rays is initially given. We consider some of the effect...
International journal of advanced research, Jan 31, 2023
The Soufriere Hills Volcano of Montserrat has ancient origins and roared back to life in 1995 wre... more The Soufriere Hills Volcano of Montserrat has ancient origins and roared back to life in 1995 wreaking severe havoc and damage to the inhabitants, geography, and ecosystems of the Island. The pyroclastic ash flow reached temperatures of 1500 °F and progressed down the hillsides at speeds of 80 mph, causing incineration and virtual destruction of everything in its path, while the gaseous and particulate laden plume reached altitudes of 35,000 feet, impacting air quality and aircraft navigation. The local health authorities recommended masking and physical protection from any potentially harmful effects from the ash to all residents who remained on Island following the 1995 eruption. Volcanic ash can be an irritant to exposed skin and respiratory surfaces upon contact due in part to the sharp and jagged nature of the microcrystalline particulate matter. In addition, the minute size of the smallest particulate matter can impact deep into the unprotected respiratory tree in humans and animals, potentially causing severe respiratory injury. The composition and physicochemical nature of the ash was largely unknown in 1995 and subsequent years. The current study was designed to determine the geochemical composition of the ash. Samples of ash were collected from 7 locations and water samples from three free flowing creeks in Montserrat and indicated that the creek water was acidic in nature. The mean pH of water was 5.2, while the ash showed abundant levels of Iron, Phosphorus, Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium, Aluminum, and sulfur, in addition to lower concentrations of potassium, boron, copper and zinc and intermediate concentrations of Manganese and was devoid of toxic minerals including lead and mercury. The emergence of acute respiratory issues was not found to exceed similar events in other healthy populations including individuals relocated to the UK. In conclusion, direct human and animal exposure to Montserrat volcanic ash was deemed non-harmful to humans when adequate protective measures including masking and exposure precautions were undertaken, while the rich mineral content of the ash can provide a rich source of micronutrient mineralization to soils and surrounding seawaters and support vigorous revegetation and recovery of affected land and sea zones throughout the island community.
An estimated 220,800 new prostate cancer cases and 27,540 deaths are expected to occur in US men ... more An estimated 220,800 new prostate cancer cases and 27,540 deaths are expected to occur in US men by the end of 2015. Beta-lapachone (β-lap) is a promising anticancer bioreductive ortho-naphthoquinone. Recent studies suggest that β-lap kills cancer cells by targeting the NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) enzyme levels in cancer tissues. But LNCaP, a PCa cell line is deficient in NQO1 enzyme levels. In this study, the potential role of very low doses of x-ray radiation (VLDR) from a portable pyroelectric generator at 20mGy/hr in enhancing the chemopreventive effects of β-lap in LNCaP PCa cells were investigated. The combination treatment-induced cytotoxicity was investigated via MTT and Trypan blue exclusion assays. Dicoumarol (an NQO1 inhibitor) was co-administered to assess the effect of VLDR on NQO1 modulation. NBT assay was used to assess the intracellular ROS levels. Fluorescence microscopy was also used to assess the mode of cell death. The data suggests that VLDR induced a rise in ROS levels, followed by upregulation in NQO1 levels. The major mode of cell death by this combination therapy was found to be via Apoptosis. In conclusion, our results confirm that VLDR-induced NQO1 levels contribute to cell death.
One of the ways by which prostate cancer cells survive or become resistant to conventional therap... more One of the ways by which prostate cancer cells survive or become resistant to conventional therapies is through the ability to reprogram their metabolic pathways. Thus, justifying the need for studies to elucidate the efficacy of metabolic inhibitors in prostate cancer intervention. The purpose of this study was to investigate the synergistic effects of two metabolic pathway inhibitors - 3-bromopyruvate (3-BrPA) and genistein - on androgen sensitive (LNCaP) and androgen insensitive (DU145) spheroid prostate cancer cells separately primed or irradiated with very low doses of x-ray radiation (VLDR) and low frequency weak magnetic field radiation (MFR). Methods: Both PCa cells were cultured until they form spheroids and then irradiated with either VLDR (20mGy/hr) or MFR (10mT; 50Hz/hr) in separate groups. Cells were seeded and treated with varying doses of 3-BrPA and genistein in single or combination regimen. Cell viability, metabolic activity and cytotoxicity or LDH release levels were measured using MTT, Alamar blue and LDH assays respectively. NBT assay was used to determine treatment-induced ROS levels. mitochondrial membrane potential was determined by Rh123 and ethidium bromide fluorescent staining. Modes of Cell death were determined by fluorescent staining with acridine orange and ethidium bromide dyes, and by morphological identification of apoptotic and autophagic PCa cells. CompuSyn program was used to determine the time- and dose-dependent synergism between combination regimens. Results: Our results show that VLDR and weak MFR moderately inhibit cell proliferation in both PCa cell lines. However, LNCaP PCa cells were found to be more responsive to both VLDR or weak MFR compared to DU-145 PCa cells. Both VLDR and MFR suppresses ATP generation and increases ROS generation time-dependently in both cell lines. The most common cell death event found in MFR-exposed cells was a mixture of mitotic catastrophe and autophagy, while autophagic and slight apoptotic responses were observed in VLDR-exposed cells. 3-BrPA triggers more autophagic response in irradiated DU145 cells compared more apoptotic response in LNCaP cells. In contrast, genistein induced cell growth inhibition in both cell lines, but more effect was observed in LNCaP cells with dose-dependent apoptotic response. Combination of 3-BrPA and genistein forced PCa cells to undergo reprogrammed cell death, decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential and LDH levels significantly in a dose and time-dependently. Conclusion: The combination treatments show synergistic and significant inhibition of the glycolytic and mitochondrial metabolic pathways resulting in induction of apoptosis in radiochemosensitized PCa cells. Priming of cells with VLDR or MFR also enhanced the therapeutic effects of both metabolic inhibitors. Hence, reinforcing the potential benefit of metabolic inhibitors in prostate cancer treatment. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Saheed O. Oseni, Rolando Branly, Mirjana Pavlovic, James Kumi-Diaka. Synergistic effects of metabolic inhibitors on radiochemosensitized spheroid prostate cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5422. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-5422
The development of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPCs) has been linked to the ability of... more The development of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPCs) has been linked to the ability of prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs) to either resist or survive the inhibitory effect of androgen deprivation and radiation therapies. Dysregulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is a common phenomenon in CRPCs, resulting in survival, growth enhancement, resistance to apoptosis and altered metabolism. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have been shown to be surprisingly expressed in prostate cancer cells, which when activated could lead to activation of innate immune response and activation of other cell signaling pathways. Since, recent studies have identified links between TLR signaling and prostate cancer, TLR polymorphisms and prostate cancer risk, as well as possible cross-talks between TLR signaling and the PI3K pathway in immune cells, we hypothesized that there is a link between PI3K signaling pathway and TLR signaling in CRPCs. Our aim is to determine the synergism between targeting PI3K and TLR signaling in a combination regimen. Methods: PTEN-/- (PC3) and PTEN-/+ (DU145) castration-resistant prostate cancer cell lines (CRPCs) were used for this experiment. CRPCs cells were cultured and enriched for CD44+ spheroid cells either by low dose radiation or in serum-free media. CRPCs and stem-like spheroid cells were then treated with different concentration of PI3K, AKT, and mTOR inhibitors, as well as TLR agonists /antagonists as monotherapy. Combination regimens were also done as assess the synergistic effects of PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors and/or TLR ligands (agonists)/antagonists in CRPCs and/or spheroid cells. CRPCs or spheroid cells were assessed for treatment-induced effects such as cell viability (MTT assay), cell cytotoxicity (LDH), mode of cell death (fluorescent staining), protein expression profile (Western blot analysis), and redox activity (NBT assay). We also tested to assess treatment-induced inflammatory response via ELISA assay. Results: Our result shows that TLR 3, 4 and 9, were significantly differentially overexpressed in PTEN-/- CRPCs compared to PTEN-/+ CRPCs. The activation of these pathway results in PI3K signaling downstream. The co-targeting of PI3K signaling pathway with both PI3K inhibitors and TLR signaling modulators appears to be beneficial in preventing proliferation and stemness in PTEN-/- CRPCs compared to PTEN-/+ CRPCs. Co-administration of PI3K and TLR 4/9 agonist appears to be antagonistic but become synergistic when TLRs 4 and 9 signaling were inhibited using siRNAs. Conclusion: One of the advantages of this combination treatment method is that it proffers a solution to the often-encountered feedback loop observed when PI3K signaling inhibitors are used as monotherapy. This study has provided more insights on how targeting can be beneficial in the eradication of CRPCs when used along with PI3K signaling inhibitors. Citation Format: Saheed Oluwasina Oseni, Rolando Branly, Mirjana Pavlovic, James Kumi-Diaka. Co-targeting toll-like receptor and PI3K survival signaling pathways in stem-like castration resistant prostate cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5730.
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Jan 28, 2023
Volcanic soils have a well-earned reputation as potentially valuable sources of minerals and esse... more Volcanic soils have a well-earned reputation as potentially valuable sources of minerals and essential micronutrients that over time may contribute to the development of nutrient rich soils known as andisols that are capable of supporting abundant new plant and aquatic growth for decades during periods of volcanic recovery. 1-3 Most Volcanic ash is made of tiny jagged low density rock fragments of varying diameter, most less than 0.2 mm in diameter, plus finer dust particles as small as 0.2 µm in diameter which like the larger particles are virtually insoluble in water. 4,5 The larger, more coarse particles of volcanic ash have the consistency and feel like grains of sand, while very fine particles blended into the mixture have a have a smooth and powdery consistency. The smallest particulates have the capability of penetrating the most innermost parts of computers, electronics, aircraft engines, machinery and other finely manufactured surfaces where then can form an impermeable surface covering often contributing to instrument or mechanical failure. 6,7 Volcanic eruptions also result in the release of numerous potentially hazardous gasses into the atmosphere, including water, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide and hydrogen chloride. 4 The sulfur and halogen gases and associated metals are removed from the atmosphere by processes of chemical reactions, including dry and wet deposition on convenient surfaces and materials, and by adsorption onto the surface of the volcanic ash and granular particles. The crystalline-solid structures of the salts that may be formed from these chemical reactions may act more as an insulator than a conductor when in contact with electronic surfaces, in contrast to the liquid forms which may act as corrosive ionic conductors. In addition, the released gasses and particulates of the plume cloud block the sun's rays, temporarily disrupting ultraviolet radiation, and impart a transient environmental cooling effect.
In recent decades, there have been many technological innovations and improvement in the pedagogy... more In recent decades, there have been many technological innovations and improvement in the pedagogy of medical education. We have applied some of these developments to one of the most important and most fundamental elements in modern medical education, while combining traditional and innovative approaches. Gross anatomy is a core course for first year medical and some graduate students from the beginnings of time, since Nicholaes Tulp was first depicted by Rembrandt in the now classic painting “The Anatomy Lesson of Dr Tulp”. In the now famous Rembrandt, Dr Tulp is shown dissecting an unembalmed cadaver, while paid onlookers viewed the dissection of the cadaver with great interest. At USAT, the anatomy dissection begins with didactic lectures, much along the traditional lines, but with the exception that the discussion is orientated toward a clinical setting for each phase of the lectures. This is followed by lectures in Organ Systems Pathophysiology, Medical Biophysics, and finally by Introduction to the dissection laboratory. All dissections utilize fresh, unembalmed cadavers, all safety tested for hazards or pre‐existing infectious diseases before the start of the dissection, which takes place in a state of the art facility. Prior to the dissection, important sensitivity instruction is given, including acceptable respect, appropriate laboratory and clinical attire [scrubs, surgical gowns, and all needed instruments are provided each student], proper and expected personal demeanor during the dissection. During the dissections, which last for several days on each cadaver, key surgical and medical procedures that are likely to be needed during PGY‐I are demonstrated on each cadaver, including insertion of chest tubes, spinal taps, Intubation, topical and cosmetic suturing, endoscopy, 3‐D imaging, surgical technique, and others. The culmination of the dissection ends with each student being able to demonstrate the above procedures to standard, and with a complete functional dissection of the cadaver. At the conclusion of the lab body parts are recon our curricukum.nected and prepared for disposal and the ashes returned to the family that donated the cadaver. As an outcome, USAT anatomy lab has become one of the most sought after courses in the first year curriculum, with many student requesting to retake it multiple more times.Support or Funding InformationSupported by Institutional Resources of the College of Medicine, USAT MontserratThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
The Soufriere Hills Volcano of Montserrat has ancient origins and roared back to life in 1995 wre... more The Soufriere Hills Volcano of Montserrat has ancient origins and roared back to life in 1995 wreaking severe havoc and damage to the inhabitants, geography, and ecosystems of the Island. The pyroclastic ash flow reached temperatures of 1500 °F and progressed down the hillsides at speeds of 80 mph, causing incineration and virtual destruction of everything in its path, while the gaseous and particulate laden plume reached altitudes of 35,000 feet, impacting air quality and aircraft navigation. The local health authorities recommended masking and physical protection from any potentially harmful effects from the ash to all residents who remained on Island following the 1995 eruption. Volcanic ash can be an irritant to exposed skin and respiratory surfaces upon contact due in part to the sharp and jagged nature of the microcrystalline particulate matter. In addition, the minute size of the smallest particulate matter can impact deep into the unprotected respiratory tree in humans and ...
Infectious diseases have been a threat to human health globally. The relentless efforts and resea... more Infectious diseases have been a threat to human health globally. The relentless efforts and research have enabled us to overcome most of the diseases through the use of antiviral and antibiotic agents discovered and employed. Unfortunately, the microorganisms have the capability to adapt and mutate over time and antibiotic and antiviral resistance ensues. There are many challenges in treating infections such as failure of the microorganisms to respond to the therapeutic agents, which has led to more chronic infections, complications, and preventable loss of life. Thus, a multidisciplinary approach and collaboration is warranted to create more potent, effective, and versatile therapies to prevent and eradicate the old and newly emerging diseases. In the recent past, natural medicine has proven its effectiveness against various illnesses. Most of the pharmaceutical agents currently used can trace their origin to the natural products in one way, shape, or form. The full potential of na...
Broward Community College and Brevard Community College with support from the Boeing Company-KSC,... more Broward Community College and Brevard Community College with support from the Boeing Company-KSC, the Florida Space Institute, Texas A&M University and the Association of Small Payload Researchers (ASPR) will fly 3 remote sensing, 3 microgravity 2 radiation measurement experiments and 1 genotoxicology experiment in a Get Away Special (GAS) container through NASA’s GAS payload program. Students from fields as diverse as Chemistry, Biochemistry, Physics, Electrical, Computer and Mechanical Engineering, Astronomy, Marine Science, and Environmental Science will benefit from involvement in every level of design, fabrication, testing, calibration, and data analysis. Three earth viewing remote sensing experiments will include a hyperspectral imaging holographic Fourier transform spectrometer, a high radiometric accuracy narrow band 4 channel discrete radiometer, and a 3 channel high spatial resolution imager. Three microgravity experiments involve crystal growth: Calcium Tartrate crystals ...
Scholarly Commons Citation Sellar, R. Glenn; Branly, Rolando; Ayala, Adam I.; Bertiaux, Patrick L... more Scholarly Commons Citation Sellar, R. Glenn; Branly, Rolando; Ayala, Adam I.; Bertiaux, Patrick L.; Desrochers, David S.; Girard, Christopher J.; Johnson, David C.; Mayer, Andrew P.; Ku O, Chae; and Schaub, Ron, "Paper Session II-B High Efficiency Hyperspectral Imager for the Terrestrial and Atmospheric Multispectral Explorer" (2001). The Space Congress® Proceedings. 14. https://commons.erau.edu/space-congress-proceedings/proceedings-2001-38th/may-2-2001/14
Microscopy in Zero-Gravity presents numerous challenges from slide and sample preparations to dat... more Microscopy in Zero-Gravity presents numerous challenges from slide and sample preparations to data handling and recording. A team of several Florida schools has established a distributed engineering and science team in conjunction with FSI and FSRI at Kennedy Space Center to address critical issues for an ISS microscopy payload. Flights aboard the KC-135 reduced gravity aircraft have provided engineers, faculty and students with valuable experience applied to the design of sample preparation procedures. Current plans include the development of flight hardware for flight aboard ISS in 2006. The payload includes both a high resolution scanning probe microscopy (SPM) unit and a low resolution light microscopy unit. The development of a Zero-Gravity Microscopy Analysis Platform (ZG-MAP) combines industry effort, in conjunction with academia, to deliver ISS access to both seasoned researchers and students. Aim of the ZG-MAP Project The primary aim of the ZG-MAP project is to provide a si...
The G-781 Terrestrial and Atmospheric Multi-Spectral Explorer payload (TAMSE) is the result of an... more The G-781 Terrestrial and Atmospheric Multi-Spectral Explorer payload (TAMSE) is the result of an educational partnership between Broward and Brevard Community Colleges with the Association of Small Payload Researchers (ASPR) and the Florida Space Institute, University of Central Florida. The effort focuses on flying nine experiments, including three earth viewing remote sensing experiments, three microgravity experiments involving crystal growth, and three radiation measurement experiments. The G-781 science team, composed of both student and faculty members, has been working on this payload since 1995. The dream of flying the first Florida educational GAS experiment led to the flight of a passive Radiation dosimetry experiment on STS-91 (ASPR-GraDEx-I), which will be reflown as part of TAMSE. This project has lead to the development of a mature space science program within the schools. Many students have been positively touched by direct involvement with NASA and the GAS program a...
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