On the Complexity of Pronominal Anaphora Resolution in Machine Translation
Studies in Functional and Structural Linguistics, 1998
ABSTRACT We would like to address a largely neglected area of pronominal anaphora resolution: Mac... more ABSTRACT We would like to address a largely neglected area of pronominal anaphora resolution: Machine Translation (MT). The paper will show, anaphora resolution, which is arguably among the toughest problems in natural language processing, is particularly complex in MT. The paper consists of two main parts. The first part investigates those problems which occur specifically in MT. The second part indicates “practical” solutions on a more general level, though referring to a concrete implementation in the CAT2 system.
Robust reference resolution with limited knowledge
Current Issues in Linguistic Theory, 2000
Robust Reference Resolution with Limited Knowledge: High Precision Genre-specific Approach for En... more Robust Reference Resolution with Limited Knowledge: High Precision Genre-specific Approach for English and Polish RUSLAN MlTKOV* & MALGORZATA STYS** * University of Wolverhampton ** University of Cambridge Abstract Most traditional approaches to anaphora resolution ...
In this paper, we explore a statistical framework for mutual bilingual terminology extraction. We... more In this paper, we explore a statistical framework for mutual bilingual terminology extraction. We propose three probabilistic models to assess the proposition that automatic alignment can play an active role in bilingual terminology extraction and translate it into mutual bilingual terminology extraction. The results indicate that such models are valid and can show that mutual bilingual terminology extraction is indeed a viable approach.
Semantic Indexing using Minimum Redundancy Cut in Ontologies Florian SeydoUX & Jean-C... more Semantic Indexing using Minimum Redundancy Cut in Ontologies Florian SeydoUX & Jean-Cedric Chappelier Ecole Poly technique Federate de Lausanne (EPFL) Abstract This paper presents a new method that improves semantic indexing while reducing the number of ...
This paper investigates the causes of the comparatively low success rates in finding the antecede... more This paper investigates the causes of the comparatively low success rates in finding the antecedents of plural pronouns as compared to finding antecedents of singular pronouns. We are trying to show experimentally that considering morphological agreement as a strong constraint in pronoun resolution results in the erroneous interpretation of almost a quarter of the plural pronouns. The work is based on analysing sample texts from the British National Corpus and online technical manuals.
This paper is concerned with resources for controlled languages for alert messages and protocols ... more This paper is concerned with resources for controlled languages for alert messages and protocols in the European perspective. These resources have been produced as the outcome of a project (Alert Messages and Protocols: MESSAGE) which has been funded with the support of the European Commission- Directorate-General Justice, Freedom and Security, and with the specific objective of 'promoting and supporting the development of security standards, and an exchange of know-how and experience on protection of people'. The MESSAGE project involved the development and transfer of a methodology for writing safe and safely translatable alert messages and protocols created by Centre Tesnière in collaboration with the aircraft industry, the health profession, and emergency services by means of a consortium of four partners to their four European member states in their languages (ES, FR (Coordinator), GB, PL). The paper describes alert messages and protocols, controlled languages for saf...
Proceedings of the Fourth International Natural Language Generation Conference on - INLG '06, 2006
We report the results of a pilot study on generating Multiple-Choice Test Items from medical text... more We report the results of a pilot study on generating Multiple-Choice Test Items from medical text and discuss the main tasks involved in this process and how our system was evaluated by domain experts.
Convergence is one of the so-called universals in translation studies which postulates that trans... more Convergence is one of the so-called universals in translation studies which postulates that translated texts tend to be more similar than non-translated texts. This paper discusses the results of a project which applies NLP techniques over comparable corpora of translated and non-translated texts in Spanish seeking to establish whether this universal holds. The results of this project do not provide
Papers discussing anaphora resolution algorithms or systems usually focus on the intrinsic evalua... more Papers discussing anaphora resolution algorithms or systems usually focus on the intrinsic evaluation of the algorithm/system and not on the issue of extrinsic evaluation. In the context of anaphora resolution, extrinsic evaluation concerns the impact of an anaphora resolution module on a larger NLP system of which it is part. In this paper we explore the extent to which the well-known anaphora resolution system MARS [1] can improve the performance of three NLP applications: text summarisation, term extraction and text categorisation. On the basis of the results so far we conclude that the deployment of anaphora resolution has a positive albeit limited impact.
Proceedings of the Workshop on Geometrical Models of Natural Language Semantics - GEMS '09, 2009
and offered an alternative to the lengthy and demanding activity of developing multiple-choice te... more and offered an alternative to the lengthy and demanding activity of developing multiple-choice test items by proposing an NLP-based methodology for construction of test items from instructive texts such as textbook chapters and encyclopaedia entries. One of the interesting research questions which emerged during these projects was how better quality distractors could automatically be chosen. This paper reports the results of a study seeking to establish which similarity measures generate better quality distractors of multiple-choice tests. Similarity measures employed in the procedure of selection of distractors are collocation patterns, four different methods of WordNetbased semantic similarity (extended gloss overlap measure, Leacock and Chodorow's, Jiang and Conrath's as well as Lin's measures), distributional similarity, phonetic similarity as well as a mixed strategy combining the aforementioned measures. The evaluation results show that the methods based on Lin's measure and on the mixed strategy outperform the rest, albeit not in a statistically significant fashion.
A machine learning method for identifying impersonal constructions and zero pronouns in Spanish
... Un método de aprendizaje automático para la identificación de construcciones impersonales y p... more ... Un método de aprendizaje automático para la identificación de construcciones impersonales y pronombres cero en espanol Luz Rello Research Group in Computational Linguistics University of Wolverhampton luzrello@gmail.com ... Luz Rello, Pablo Suárez, Ruslan Mitkov 282 ...
On the Complexity of Pronominal Anaphora Resolution in Machine Translation
Studies in Functional and Structural Linguistics, 1998
ABSTRACT We would like to address a largely neglected area of pronominal anaphora resolution: Mac... more ABSTRACT We would like to address a largely neglected area of pronominal anaphora resolution: Machine Translation (MT). The paper will show, anaphora resolution, which is arguably among the toughest problems in natural language processing, is particularly complex in MT. The paper consists of two main parts. The first part investigates those problems which occur specifically in MT. The second part indicates “practical” solutions on a more general level, though referring to a concrete implementation in the CAT2 system.
Robust reference resolution with limited knowledge
Current Issues in Linguistic Theory, 2000
Robust Reference Resolution with Limited Knowledge: High Precision Genre-specific Approach for En... more Robust Reference Resolution with Limited Knowledge: High Precision Genre-specific Approach for English and Polish RUSLAN MlTKOV* & MALGORZATA STYS** * University of Wolverhampton ** University of Cambridge Abstract Most traditional approaches to anaphora resolution ...
In this paper, we explore a statistical framework for mutual bilingual terminology extraction. We... more In this paper, we explore a statistical framework for mutual bilingual terminology extraction. We propose three probabilistic models to assess the proposition that automatic alignment can play an active role in bilingual terminology extraction and translate it into mutual bilingual terminology extraction. The results indicate that such models are valid and can show that mutual bilingual terminology extraction is indeed a viable approach.
Semantic Indexing using Minimum Redundancy Cut in Ontologies Florian SeydoUX & Jean-C... more Semantic Indexing using Minimum Redundancy Cut in Ontologies Florian SeydoUX & Jean-Cedric Chappelier Ecole Poly technique Federate de Lausanne (EPFL) Abstract This paper presents a new method that improves semantic indexing while reducing the number of ...
This paper investigates the causes of the comparatively low success rates in finding the antecede... more This paper investigates the causes of the comparatively low success rates in finding the antecedents of plural pronouns as compared to finding antecedents of singular pronouns. We are trying to show experimentally that considering morphological agreement as a strong constraint in pronoun resolution results in the erroneous interpretation of almost a quarter of the plural pronouns. The work is based on analysing sample texts from the British National Corpus and online technical manuals.
This paper is concerned with resources for controlled languages for alert messages and protocols ... more This paper is concerned with resources for controlled languages for alert messages and protocols in the European perspective. These resources have been produced as the outcome of a project (Alert Messages and Protocols: MESSAGE) which has been funded with the support of the European Commission- Directorate-General Justice, Freedom and Security, and with the specific objective of 'promoting and supporting the development of security standards, and an exchange of know-how and experience on protection of people'. The MESSAGE project involved the development and transfer of a methodology for writing safe and safely translatable alert messages and protocols created by Centre Tesnière in collaboration with the aircraft industry, the health profession, and emergency services by means of a consortium of four partners to their four European member states in their languages (ES, FR (Coordinator), GB, PL). The paper describes alert messages and protocols, controlled languages for saf...
Proceedings of the Fourth International Natural Language Generation Conference on - INLG '06, 2006
We report the results of a pilot study on generating Multiple-Choice Test Items from medical text... more We report the results of a pilot study on generating Multiple-Choice Test Items from medical text and discuss the main tasks involved in this process and how our system was evaluated by domain experts.
Convergence is one of the so-called universals in translation studies which postulates that trans... more Convergence is one of the so-called universals in translation studies which postulates that translated texts tend to be more similar than non-translated texts. This paper discusses the results of a project which applies NLP techniques over comparable corpora of translated and non-translated texts in Spanish seeking to establish whether this universal holds. The results of this project do not provide
Papers discussing anaphora resolution algorithms or systems usually focus on the intrinsic evalua... more Papers discussing anaphora resolution algorithms or systems usually focus on the intrinsic evaluation of the algorithm/system and not on the issue of extrinsic evaluation. In the context of anaphora resolution, extrinsic evaluation concerns the impact of an anaphora resolution module on a larger NLP system of which it is part. In this paper we explore the extent to which the well-known anaphora resolution system MARS [1] can improve the performance of three NLP applications: text summarisation, term extraction and text categorisation. On the basis of the results so far we conclude that the deployment of anaphora resolution has a positive albeit limited impact.
Proceedings of the Workshop on Geometrical Models of Natural Language Semantics - GEMS '09, 2009
and offered an alternative to the lengthy and demanding activity of developing multiple-choice te... more and offered an alternative to the lengthy and demanding activity of developing multiple-choice test items by proposing an NLP-based methodology for construction of test items from instructive texts such as textbook chapters and encyclopaedia entries. One of the interesting research questions which emerged during these projects was how better quality distractors could automatically be chosen. This paper reports the results of a study seeking to establish which similarity measures generate better quality distractors of multiple-choice tests. Similarity measures employed in the procedure of selection of distractors are collocation patterns, four different methods of WordNetbased semantic similarity (extended gloss overlap measure, Leacock and Chodorow's, Jiang and Conrath's as well as Lin's measures), distributional similarity, phonetic similarity as well as a mixed strategy combining the aforementioned measures. The evaluation results show that the methods based on Lin's measure and on the mixed strategy outperform the rest, albeit not in a statistically significant fashion.
A machine learning method for identifying impersonal constructions and zero pronouns in Spanish
... Un método de aprendizaje automático para la identificación de construcciones impersonales y p... more ... Un método de aprendizaje automático para la identificación de construcciones impersonales y pronombres cero en espanol Luz Rello Research Group in Computational Linguistics University of Wolverhampton luzrello@gmail.com ... Luz Rello, Pablo Suárez, Ruslan Mitkov 282 ...
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