Climate change has significantly affected wheat yield. Many studies have suggested that rising te... more Climate change has significantly affected wheat yield. Many studies have suggested that rising temperatures could be harmful to cereals around the world. Thus, the valorization of the desert wheat resources is essential to improve the resistance of this species to climate change. In this context, twenty-eight different local Saharan bread wheat (Triticumaestivum L.) genotypes were described using ten preselected SSR markers. The tested SSRs produced a total number of 20 alleles with an allelic size ranged from 100 pb (WMC261) to 400 pb (WMC257). The allele frequency varied from 0.1 for the allele 230 pb (WMC156) to 1 for the alleles 187 pb, 310 pb (WMC97, WMC168). Likewise, the PIC values ranged from 0 (WMC97, WMC168) to 0.5 (WMC327, WMC233), with an average of 0.34 and the observed heterozygosity (Ho) from 0 to 0.88, with an average of 0.55. The molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed the highest level of intra-population differentiation of local Saharan bread wheat (97%) and the statistical geometric distributions based on PCoA, NJ method and structure analysis confirmed the existence of four major classes of bread wheat. These results substantiate the previous researches based on the morphological markers and contribute for the first time in Algeria to create the genetic fingerprint of the Saharan bread wheat resources and to valorize their drought resistance potential through breeding programs.
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
In Tunisia, the olive tree has been cultivated for more than 3000 years by different civilization... more In Tunisia, the olive tree has been cultivated for more than 3000 years by different civilizations, such as the Phoenicians, Greeks, Carthaginians, Romans, and Arabs. The ancient olive trees, which thrive in harsh environments, are little known and contain a foremost part of the olive germplasm. This study focused on the chemical oil analysis of the Tunisian millennial olive trees dating from the Roman and the Carthaginians periods. Twenty-eight antique olive trees grown in Tunisia's north to south are the subject of this study. Analyzed according to international standards, the tested accessions present oil with high quality, rich in chlorophyll and carotenes, and highly rich in polyphenols. The oil's fatty acid composition is complete with the international norms with a high oleic acid content, low palmitic and linoleic acid concentrations, and a C18:1/C18:2 ratio ≥ 7. Four oils, in particular, contained substantial levels of polyphenols (500–1632 mg/kg) and a C18:1/C18:2 ...
The objective of this study is to evaluate the phytochemical constituents and anticoagulant, and ... more The objective of this study is to evaluate the phytochemical constituents and anticoagulant, and antibacterial activities of phenolic extracts obtained from flaxseed. The quantitative estimation of total phenols by the colorimetric method showed that both aqueous and methanolic extracts are low in these compounds. The evaluation of the antibacterial activity of polyphenols was carried out by the disc method by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The results showed that no antibacterial activity with polyphenols was observed; against the five bacteria tested.The anticoagulant activity of polyphenols was also evaluated in vitro using the cephaline-kaolin (TCK) and Quick time (TQ) tests. The coagulation times obtained on normal plasma indicate that they have moderate activity on both coagulation pathways.
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 2020
The assessment of genetic diversity is a key step in evaluating the adaptation of populations to ... more The assessment of genetic diversity is a key step in evaluating the adaptation of populations to new environmental conditions, and thus in the selection of new cultivars. The present investigation aimed to assess genetic variability of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes grown in Algeria. The 17 hexaploid genotypes of bread wheat were assessed using 16 molecular microsatellites of SSR (Simple Sequence Repeat). Among the 16 microsatellite markers tested, only 11 markers were the most polymorphic and reproducible. The Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) values per locus varied from 0.14 to 0.70 with an average of 0.48 and 0.49. Genetic similarity between genotypes varied from 0.27 and 0.92 with an average of 0.60. The highest genetic distance value of 0.92 has been scored between Kauz/Pastor/Fiscal and Wbll1*2/Brambling. The lowest value of 0.27 has been scored between Cham6 and Pastor/Wbll1. Genetic similarity was calculated by molecular derived data and used to produce a dendrogram. The genotypes were grouped in two clear clusters according to their origin and pedigree. The first cluster included wheat genotypes Ain Abid (local genotypes), Attila/2 Pastor, and 5119 (introduced genotypes). The second group revealed high polymorphism and was subdivided into four subgroups. This high level of diversity revealed among the accessions of wheat, grown in Algeria could be used in breeding programs.
The aim of this study was to characterize the major orange cultivars from Tunisia and to study th... more The aim of this study was to characterize the major orange cultivars from Tunisia and to study the genetic diversity within this fruit tree species. This work was conducted in the framework of the activities of the fruit tree network in the Tunisian National Gene Bank. The pomological diversity of 28 Tunisian sweet orange cultivars was analyzed based on 18 qualitative and quantitative traits. Different regions of Tunisia, where orange cultivation is prominent, were investigated. Principal components analysis conducted on quantitative traits showed an important degree of variability of about 94% for the three first principal components. Factorial analysis of correspondence was conducted for qualitative data and it showed 69% of the total diversity for the three first factors. A dendrogram was constructed based on average distances. Results showed that the geographic origin was not the determinant criteria for cultivar segregation.
A study was conducted to compare morphological and genetical data of the main local olive cultiva... more A study was conducted to compare morphological and genetical data of the main local olive cultivars in Tunisia. This work was conducted in the framework of the activities of the fruit tree network in the Tunisian National Gene Bank. Samples were taken from leaves, fruits and stones for morphological characters. DNA was extracted from leaf tissue and 6 EcoRI–MseI AFLP primer combinations were used. The morphological study permitted a specific description of the characteristics for the tested varieties and their repartition into three groups according to the fruit and endocarp quantitative data. Molecular data analysis demonstrated a high degree of polymorphism with an average of 35%. The analysis of AFLP profiles found in our set of olive cultivars showed a wide genetic diversity among olive germplasm. The UPGMA cluster analyses using Jaccard’s index revealed that the genetic diversity was predominantly structured according to fruit size. The data obtained was used for the varietal s...
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Olive is one of the oldest cultivated species in the Mediterranean Basin, including Tunisia, wher... more Olive is one of the oldest cultivated species in the Mediterranean Basin, including Tunisia, where it has a wide diversity, with more than 200 cultivars, of both wild and feral forms. Many minor cultivars are still present in marginal areas of Tunisia, where they are maintained by farmers in small local groves, but they are poorly characterized and evaluated. In order to recover this neglected germplasm, surveys were conducted in different areas, and 31 genotypes were collected, molecularly characterized with 12 nuclear microsatellite (simple sequence repeat (SSR)) markers, and compared with 26 reference cultivars present in the Tunisian National Olive collection. The analysis revealed an overall high genetic diversity of this olive's germplasm, but also discovered the presence of synonymies and homonymies among the commercialized varieties. The structure analysis showed the presence of different gene pools in the analyzed germplasm. In particular, the marginal germplasm from Ras Jbal and Azmour is characterized by gene pools not present in commercial (Nurseries) varieties, pointing out the very narrow genetic base of the commercialized olive material in Tunisia, and the need to broaden it to avoid the risk of genetic erosion of this species in this country.
Microsatellite marker-based identification and genetic relationships of millennium olive cultivar... more Microsatellite marker-based identification and genetic relationships of millennium olive cultivars in Tunisia
Morphological and molecular characterization of the main olive varieties cultivated in the region... more Morphological and molecular characterization of the main olive varieties cultivated in the region of Hbebsa (North West of
International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies, 2018
Barley has interesting characteristics for human health such as fiber, antioxidants, vitamins, mi... more Barley has interesting characteristics for human health such as fiber, antioxidants, vitamins, minerals, proteins and especially β-glucans, which make it one of the best choices of whole grain. Because of its importance for human nutrition, β-glucan and protein contents were determining factors in the grains quality. The aim of this study was to analyze the nutritional grain quality of North African barley collection. Grain color, protein and β-glucan contents, starch and mineral elements contents were determined in sixteen barley genotypes. Obtained results showed that the average of protein content, varied from 10,76 to 14,13%, the β-glucan content varied from 2,18 to 4,75%, starch content varied from 52 to 60% and mineral elements varied from 1.82 to 2.52. The richest genotypes in terms of protein and β-glucan contents were the naked barley genotypes (V10 and V23) from Tunisia and Egypt respectively. In opposite, these two genotypes were the poorest in mineral elements comparativ...
Tunisia is one of the oldest agricultural settlements in history. Evidences revealed by archeolog... more Tunisia is one of the oldest agricultural settlements in history. Evidences revealed by archeological excavations indicated that olives were cultivated before about 3000 years in Tunisia. Although the importance of millennium olives, studies about characterization and evaluation are scarce. The aims of this work were to make a morpho- agronomic characterization of eighteen millennium olive cultivars collected from eight different archeological sites. This work was conducted in the framework of the activities of the fruit tree network in the Tunisian National Gene Bank. Quantitative and qualitative traits were measured in pit, fruit and leaf samples, In order to group the genetic material and evaluate the phenotypic variability, descriptive statistics, cluster analysis, factorial and principal components analysis were used. The 18 accessions were grouped in 2 clusters based on the multivariate analysis of 18 traits. The collection featured phenotypic variability for all the studied t...
Olive (Olea europaea L.) is one of the oldest agricultural tree crops in Tunisia, where its culti... more Olive (Olea europaea L.) is one of the oldest agricultural tree crops in Tunisia, where its cultivation started before about 3000 years. Although the importance of millennium olives, studies about molecular biodiversity and evaluation are scarce. In order to investigate intra cultivar variability on the molecular level, millennium olive samples from nine different archeological sites were studied using AFLP and SSR techniques.6 AFLP primers amplified 237 reproducible bands of which 84 were polymorphic and 10 SSR loci revealed 37 alleles with a mean number of 3.7 alleles per locus and an average heterozygosity rate ranged from 40% to 100% with a mean percentage of 74%. The principal coordinate analysis (PCO) based on AFLP and SSR similarity matrix revealed that the genetic diversity was predominantly structured according to the morphological parameters of the fruit and the endocarp. The data obtained can be used for the varietal survey and construction of a database of millennium oli...
In the region of Hbebsa, little is known about the olive germplasm, and even though there is an i... more In the region of Hbebsa, little is known about the olive germplasm, and even though there is an important olive biodiversity, studies about characterization and evaluation are scarce. The aim of this work was to make a molecular characterization by the use of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. A total of 13 olive varieties were genotyped using different EcoRI–MseI AFLP primer combinations. Auto radiographs revealed 92 polymorphic markers in a total of 237 detected fragments. A set of redundant marker patterns was identified and deleted from the binary data matrix; data analysis demonstrated a high degree of polymorphism with an average of 35%. The analysis of AFLP profiles found in our set of olive cultivars showed a wide genetic diversity among olive germplasm. The UPGMA cluster analyses using Jaccard’s index and the Principal coordinate analysis (PCO) revealed that the genetic diversity was predominantly structured according to fruit size. The data obtained can...
In the present paper we focus on the characterization and the conservation of the local minor oli... more In the present paper we focus on the characterization and the conservation of the local minor olive cultivars in Tunisia. Our work was conducted in the framework of the activities of the fruit tree network in the Tunisian National Gene Bank. The objective is to study the relationship between thirteen autochthon olive varieties cultivated in the regions of “Rouhia”, “Makthar” and “Kesra” localized in the government of “Siliana” (North West of Tunisia). The experimental approach was based on the morphological data of the leaf, fruit and the endocarp as described by the International Olive Council (12). Polymorphism was observed among 18 evaluated qualitative traits, whereas significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed for 11 analyzed quantitative traits. The principal components analysis showed a degree of variability of about 80% for the first two principal components, a percentage sufficiently high to ensure that the PCA plots were representative of the main features of the d...
Climate change has significantly affected wheat yield. Many studies have suggested that rising te... more Climate change has significantly affected wheat yield. Many studies have suggested that rising temperatures could be harmful to cereals around the world. Thus, the valorization of the desert wheat resources is essential to improve the resistance of this species to climate change. In this context, twenty-eight different local Saharan bread wheat (Triticumaestivum L.) genotypes were described using ten preselected SSR markers. The tested SSRs produced a total number of 20 alleles with an allelic size ranged from 100 pb (WMC261) to 400 pb (WMC257). The allele frequency varied from 0.1 for the allele 230 pb (WMC156) to 1 for the alleles 187 pb, 310 pb (WMC97, WMC168). Likewise, the PIC values ranged from 0 (WMC97, WMC168) to 0.5 (WMC327, WMC233), with an average of 0.34 and the observed heterozygosity (Ho) from 0 to 0.88, with an average of 0.55. The molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed the highest level of intra-population differentiation of local Saharan bread wheat (97%) and the statistical geometric distributions based on PCoA, NJ method and structure analysis confirmed the existence of four major classes of bread wheat. These results substantiate the previous researches based on the morphological markers and contribute for the first time in Algeria to create the genetic fingerprint of the Saharan bread wheat resources and to valorize their drought resistance potential through breeding programs.
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
In Tunisia, the olive tree has been cultivated for more than 3000 years by different civilization... more In Tunisia, the olive tree has been cultivated for more than 3000 years by different civilizations, such as the Phoenicians, Greeks, Carthaginians, Romans, and Arabs. The ancient olive trees, which thrive in harsh environments, are little known and contain a foremost part of the olive germplasm. This study focused on the chemical oil analysis of the Tunisian millennial olive trees dating from the Roman and the Carthaginians periods. Twenty-eight antique olive trees grown in Tunisia's north to south are the subject of this study. Analyzed according to international standards, the tested accessions present oil with high quality, rich in chlorophyll and carotenes, and highly rich in polyphenols. The oil's fatty acid composition is complete with the international norms with a high oleic acid content, low palmitic and linoleic acid concentrations, and a C18:1/C18:2 ratio ≥ 7. Four oils, in particular, contained substantial levels of polyphenols (500–1632 mg/kg) and a C18:1/C18:2 ...
The objective of this study is to evaluate the phytochemical constituents and anticoagulant, and ... more The objective of this study is to evaluate the phytochemical constituents and anticoagulant, and antibacterial activities of phenolic extracts obtained from flaxseed. The quantitative estimation of total phenols by the colorimetric method showed that both aqueous and methanolic extracts are low in these compounds. The evaluation of the antibacterial activity of polyphenols was carried out by the disc method by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The results showed that no antibacterial activity with polyphenols was observed; against the five bacteria tested.The anticoagulant activity of polyphenols was also evaluated in vitro using the cephaline-kaolin (TCK) and Quick time (TQ) tests. The coagulation times obtained on normal plasma indicate that they have moderate activity on both coagulation pathways.
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 2020
The assessment of genetic diversity is a key step in evaluating the adaptation of populations to ... more The assessment of genetic diversity is a key step in evaluating the adaptation of populations to new environmental conditions, and thus in the selection of new cultivars. The present investigation aimed to assess genetic variability of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes grown in Algeria. The 17 hexaploid genotypes of bread wheat were assessed using 16 molecular microsatellites of SSR (Simple Sequence Repeat). Among the 16 microsatellite markers tested, only 11 markers were the most polymorphic and reproducible. The Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) values per locus varied from 0.14 to 0.70 with an average of 0.48 and 0.49. Genetic similarity between genotypes varied from 0.27 and 0.92 with an average of 0.60. The highest genetic distance value of 0.92 has been scored between Kauz/Pastor/Fiscal and Wbll1*2/Brambling. The lowest value of 0.27 has been scored between Cham6 and Pastor/Wbll1. Genetic similarity was calculated by molecular derived data and used to produce a dendrogram. The genotypes were grouped in two clear clusters according to their origin and pedigree. The first cluster included wheat genotypes Ain Abid (local genotypes), Attila/2 Pastor, and 5119 (introduced genotypes). The second group revealed high polymorphism and was subdivided into four subgroups. This high level of diversity revealed among the accessions of wheat, grown in Algeria could be used in breeding programs.
The aim of this study was to characterize the major orange cultivars from Tunisia and to study th... more The aim of this study was to characterize the major orange cultivars from Tunisia and to study the genetic diversity within this fruit tree species. This work was conducted in the framework of the activities of the fruit tree network in the Tunisian National Gene Bank. The pomological diversity of 28 Tunisian sweet orange cultivars was analyzed based on 18 qualitative and quantitative traits. Different regions of Tunisia, where orange cultivation is prominent, were investigated. Principal components analysis conducted on quantitative traits showed an important degree of variability of about 94% for the three first principal components. Factorial analysis of correspondence was conducted for qualitative data and it showed 69% of the total diversity for the three first factors. A dendrogram was constructed based on average distances. Results showed that the geographic origin was not the determinant criteria for cultivar segregation.
A study was conducted to compare morphological and genetical data of the main local olive cultiva... more A study was conducted to compare morphological and genetical data of the main local olive cultivars in Tunisia. This work was conducted in the framework of the activities of the fruit tree network in the Tunisian National Gene Bank. Samples were taken from leaves, fruits and stones for morphological characters. DNA was extracted from leaf tissue and 6 EcoRI–MseI AFLP primer combinations were used. The morphological study permitted a specific description of the characteristics for the tested varieties and their repartition into three groups according to the fruit and endocarp quantitative data. Molecular data analysis demonstrated a high degree of polymorphism with an average of 35%. The analysis of AFLP profiles found in our set of olive cultivars showed a wide genetic diversity among olive germplasm. The UPGMA cluster analyses using Jaccard’s index revealed that the genetic diversity was predominantly structured according to fruit size. The data obtained was used for the varietal s...
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Olive is one of the oldest cultivated species in the Mediterranean Basin, including Tunisia, wher... more Olive is one of the oldest cultivated species in the Mediterranean Basin, including Tunisia, where it has a wide diversity, with more than 200 cultivars, of both wild and feral forms. Many minor cultivars are still present in marginal areas of Tunisia, where they are maintained by farmers in small local groves, but they are poorly characterized and evaluated. In order to recover this neglected germplasm, surveys were conducted in different areas, and 31 genotypes were collected, molecularly characterized with 12 nuclear microsatellite (simple sequence repeat (SSR)) markers, and compared with 26 reference cultivars present in the Tunisian National Olive collection. The analysis revealed an overall high genetic diversity of this olive's germplasm, but also discovered the presence of synonymies and homonymies among the commercialized varieties. The structure analysis showed the presence of different gene pools in the analyzed germplasm. In particular, the marginal germplasm from Ras Jbal and Azmour is characterized by gene pools not present in commercial (Nurseries) varieties, pointing out the very narrow genetic base of the commercialized olive material in Tunisia, and the need to broaden it to avoid the risk of genetic erosion of this species in this country.
Microsatellite marker-based identification and genetic relationships of millennium olive cultivar... more Microsatellite marker-based identification and genetic relationships of millennium olive cultivars in Tunisia
Morphological and molecular characterization of the main olive varieties cultivated in the region... more Morphological and molecular characterization of the main olive varieties cultivated in the region of Hbebsa (North West of
International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies, 2018
Barley has interesting characteristics for human health such as fiber, antioxidants, vitamins, mi... more Barley has interesting characteristics for human health such as fiber, antioxidants, vitamins, minerals, proteins and especially β-glucans, which make it one of the best choices of whole grain. Because of its importance for human nutrition, β-glucan and protein contents were determining factors in the grains quality. The aim of this study was to analyze the nutritional grain quality of North African barley collection. Grain color, protein and β-glucan contents, starch and mineral elements contents were determined in sixteen barley genotypes. Obtained results showed that the average of protein content, varied from 10,76 to 14,13%, the β-glucan content varied from 2,18 to 4,75%, starch content varied from 52 to 60% and mineral elements varied from 1.82 to 2.52. The richest genotypes in terms of protein and β-glucan contents were the naked barley genotypes (V10 and V23) from Tunisia and Egypt respectively. In opposite, these two genotypes were the poorest in mineral elements comparativ...
Tunisia is one of the oldest agricultural settlements in history. Evidences revealed by archeolog... more Tunisia is one of the oldest agricultural settlements in history. Evidences revealed by archeological excavations indicated that olives were cultivated before about 3000 years in Tunisia. Although the importance of millennium olives, studies about characterization and evaluation are scarce. The aims of this work were to make a morpho- agronomic characterization of eighteen millennium olive cultivars collected from eight different archeological sites. This work was conducted in the framework of the activities of the fruit tree network in the Tunisian National Gene Bank. Quantitative and qualitative traits were measured in pit, fruit and leaf samples, In order to group the genetic material and evaluate the phenotypic variability, descriptive statistics, cluster analysis, factorial and principal components analysis were used. The 18 accessions were grouped in 2 clusters based on the multivariate analysis of 18 traits. The collection featured phenotypic variability for all the studied t...
Olive (Olea europaea L.) is one of the oldest agricultural tree crops in Tunisia, where its culti... more Olive (Olea europaea L.) is one of the oldest agricultural tree crops in Tunisia, where its cultivation started before about 3000 years. Although the importance of millennium olives, studies about molecular biodiversity and evaluation are scarce. In order to investigate intra cultivar variability on the molecular level, millennium olive samples from nine different archeological sites were studied using AFLP and SSR techniques.6 AFLP primers amplified 237 reproducible bands of which 84 were polymorphic and 10 SSR loci revealed 37 alleles with a mean number of 3.7 alleles per locus and an average heterozygosity rate ranged from 40% to 100% with a mean percentage of 74%. The principal coordinate analysis (PCO) based on AFLP and SSR similarity matrix revealed that the genetic diversity was predominantly structured according to the morphological parameters of the fruit and the endocarp. The data obtained can be used for the varietal survey and construction of a database of millennium oli...
In the region of Hbebsa, little is known about the olive germplasm, and even though there is an i... more In the region of Hbebsa, little is known about the olive germplasm, and even though there is an important olive biodiversity, studies about characterization and evaluation are scarce. The aim of this work was to make a molecular characterization by the use of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. A total of 13 olive varieties were genotyped using different EcoRI–MseI AFLP primer combinations. Auto radiographs revealed 92 polymorphic markers in a total of 237 detected fragments. A set of redundant marker patterns was identified and deleted from the binary data matrix; data analysis demonstrated a high degree of polymorphism with an average of 35%. The analysis of AFLP profiles found in our set of olive cultivars showed a wide genetic diversity among olive germplasm. The UPGMA cluster analyses using Jaccard’s index and the Principal coordinate analysis (PCO) revealed that the genetic diversity was predominantly structured according to fruit size. The data obtained can...
In the present paper we focus on the characterization and the conservation of the local minor oli... more In the present paper we focus on the characterization and the conservation of the local minor olive cultivars in Tunisia. Our work was conducted in the framework of the activities of the fruit tree network in the Tunisian National Gene Bank. The objective is to study the relationship between thirteen autochthon olive varieties cultivated in the regions of “Rouhia”, “Makthar” and “Kesra” localized in the government of “Siliana” (North West of Tunisia). The experimental approach was based on the morphological data of the leaf, fruit and the endocarp as described by the International Olive Council (12). Polymorphism was observed among 18 evaluated qualitative traits, whereas significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed for 11 analyzed quantitative traits. The principal components analysis showed a degree of variability of about 80% for the first two principal components, a percentage sufficiently high to ensure that the PCA plots were representative of the main features of the d...
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