Papers by Sandrine Ruitton
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PLoS ONE, 2014
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In the absence of water-quality data, a biological indicator is the only way to estimate the poll... more In the absence of water-quality data, a biological indicator is the only way to estimate the pollution level. Samples of macrophytes from exposed shallow rocky substrata of the region of Algiers (Algeria, Mediterranean Sea) were collected in supposedly (in the absence of available pollution data) polluted and pristine waters. These samples were compared to a set of samples spanning a
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The Posidonia oceanicameadow constitutes a key ecosystem in the sub- littoral zone of the Mediter... more The Posidonia oceanicameadow constitutes a key ecosystem in the sub- littoral zone of the Mediterranean, from both an ecological and physical equilibrium per- spective. In addition, it harbors a very high species diversity.Posidonia oceanicabeds are very sensitive to disturbances caused by human activity (e.g.coastal development, pol- lution, turbidity, anchoring, etc.) and their loss has been observed in a number of
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Species of the genus Sargassum are large canopy-forming marine brown algae (engineer species) wor... more Species of the genus Sargassum are large canopy-forming marine brown algae (engineer species) worldwide found from cold-temperate to tropical latitudes. Among this very diversified genus (335 taxa accepted taxonomically), only 9 species (including the introduced and invasive S. muticum) have been reported from the Mediterranean Sea and 6 in France. Over more than the two past centuries, we analyzed the changes in the Sargassum distribution along the French Mediterranean coast, using all the available sources (grey literature, published documents and herbarium vouchers). Common in the past, all the long-living native species (except S. vulgare) became extremely rare or locally extinct; while the invasive S. muticum developed large populations in some coastal lagoons (Salses-Leucate, Thau). We hypothesize that pollution, turbidity, anchoring and fishing were responsible of the regression of these monopodial and weakly fixed species leading to their progressive rarefaction. In contrast...
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Biotic indices, which reflect the quality of the environment using species whose function, popula... more Biotic indices, which reflect the quality of the environment using species whose function, population or status depending of the quality of a water body, are widely used in the marine realm. The good quality of a water body and the apparent health of species are not always indicative of the good structure and functioning of the whole ecosystem even if they are key-species or ecosystem engineers. A key point of the recent Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) is the ecosystem-based approach. Here, on the basis of a simplified conceptual model of the ecosystem, we propose an Ecosystem-Based Quality Index (EBQI) involving its functioning. This index is based upon (1) a set of representative functional compartments, (2) the weighting of these compartments and (3) the assessment of their quality by comparison with a supposed baseline. The EBQI is easy to implement, non-destructive, relatively robust, according to the selection of the compartments and to their weighting, and associat...
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Comptes rendus biologies, 2007
In the absence of water-quality data, a biological indicator is the only way to estimate the poll... more In the absence of water-quality data, a biological indicator is the only way to estimate the pollution level. Samples of macrophytes from exposed shallow rocky substrata of the region of Algiers (Algeria, Mediterranean Sea) were collected in supposedly (in the absence of available pollution data) polluted and pristine waters. These samples were compared to a set of samples spanning a known pollution gradient found near Marseilles (France) and to some samples from a variety of other Mediterranean localities. All samples were collected in similar conditions. The diversity point (i.e., the number of species per sample) was not greater at Cherchell (control site) than at the three sites in the Bay of Algiers. Analysis of the dataset was successful in ranking the Algerian sites, but failed to calibrate the pollution level of the Algerian sites by inserting Algerian samples within the pollution gradient of Marseilles. In contrast, regional characteristics of the macrophyte communities app...
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Marine Ecology Progress Series, 2014
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Global Change: Mankind-Marine Environment Interactions, 2010
With the deployment of 27,300 m3 of artificial reefs (AR) and a €6 million budget, the project “R... more With the deployment of 27,300 m3 of artificial reefs (AR) and a €6 million budget, the project “Récifs PRADO” is the largest artificial reef ever realized in the Mediterranean Sea. This large-scale program is dedicated to the restoration of an active artisanal fishery in a zone where Posidonia beds, a highly productive habitat, have previously been destroyed. Marine biologists conceived the design of these ARs, benefiting from the feedback of field experience of the colonization of ARs immersed in the French littoral for more than 20 years. The core knowledge was based on years of underwater visual observations of fish behavior and visual censuses of fish assemblages on both artificial and natural habitats. The selected concept was to copy the most performed natural benthic habitats in order to optimize the biological efficiency of AR. Combining architectural complexity, module design and urbanism (laying out of modules on the bottom) was considered to be the key to AR effectiveness. The reef deployment relied on the creation of horizontal and vertical discontinuities in heights, sizes, and volumes, thanks to a great variety of reef types and shapes, as well as diverse arrangements and horizontal spacing of reefs. Three years were needed for conceiving the different reef types, the achievement of the technical and administrative folders, and overcoming the numerous technical and administrative problems.
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Global Change: Mankind-Marine Environment Interactions, 2010
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Ecological Indicators, 2015
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by Drosos Koutsoubas, Alper Evcen, Sandrine Ruitton, Emilie Egea, Stéphane Sartoretto, Jean Vacelet, Frederic Zuberer, E. Chatzinikolaou, Christine Pergent-martini, Ertan DAGLI, Romain David, Sandrine Chenesseau, Bilal Öztürk, and Katerina Vasileiadou The Mediterranean Sea is hosting almost 10% of the total marine biodiversity in spite of represen... more The Mediterranean Sea is hosting almost 10% of the total marine biodiversity in spite of representing less than 1% of the global ocean surface. This regional sea experiences high anthropogenic pressures, such as growing human population density along the coasts, urbanization, (over)harvesting of living and raw resources, extensive maritime traffic, aquaculture, invaders, pollution and eutrophication. Coastal habitats, their species composition and functioning are deeply altered by such increasing pressures. Scientific actors are designated as leaders to create new assessment methods while taking into account the difficulties of financing the necessary long term and large-scale surveys and monitoring schemes. In the European Union, Member States are required to abide Marine Strategy Framework Directive and achieve the “Good Environmental Status” (GES?) in their regional waters by 2020. To attempt this goal there is a need to develop sound knowledge on the least studied habitats, part...
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Papers by Sandrine Ruitton