Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, Mar 1, 2020
Plant-based synthesis of nanoparticles has generated worldwide interest because of cost-effective... more Plant-based synthesis of nanoparticles has generated worldwide interest because of cost-effectiveness, eco-friendly nature and plethora of applications. In the present investigation, antimicrobial potential of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) of methanolic extract of Aegle marmelos fruit has been investigated. Agar well diffusion method was used for determining antimicrobial activity of solvent extracts (viz., petroleum ether, chloroform, acetone, methanol and aqueous), and AgNPs. Among these, methanolic extract of A. marmelos showed highest inhibitory activity against B. cereus (16.17 ± 0.50 mm) followed by P. aeruginosa (13.33 ± 0.62 mm) and E. coli. Phytochemical analysis of methanolic extract of A. marmelos revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, steroids, alkaloids, flavonoids, and glycosides. AgNPs synthesized using A. marmelos methanolic extract, characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and X-ray diffraction showed a peak at 436 nm and size ranged between 159 and 181 nm. Evaluation of the antimicrobial potential of green synthesized AgNPs recorded the highest inhibitory activity against B. cereus (19.25 ± 0.19 mm) followed by P. aeruginosa (16.50 ± 0.30 mm) and S. dysentriae. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of synthesized AgNPs was found to be in the range of 0.009875-0.0395 mg/100 μl which was quite lower than the MIC of crude extract i.e. 0.0781-0.3125 mg/100 μl. The results obtained indicated that the different crude extracts of A. marmelos plant as well as AgNPs have a strong and effective antimicrobial potential that provide a marvelous source for the development of new drug molecules of herbal origin which may be used for the welfare of humanity.
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Multifarious plant growth-promoting Bacillus strains recovered from rhizospheric soils of the Ind... more Multifarious plant growth-promoting Bacillus strains recovered from rhizospheric soils of the Indo Gangetic plains (IGPs) were identified as Bacillus licheniformis MNNITSR2 and Bacillus velezensis MNNITSR18 based on their biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA gene analysis. Both strains exhibited the ability to produce IAA, siderophores, ammonia, lytic enzymes, HCN production, and phosphate solubilization capability and strongly inhibited the growth of phytopathogens such as Rhizoctonia solani and Fusariun oxysporum in vitro. In addition, these strains are also able to grow at a high temperature of 50 °C and tolerate up to 10–15% NaCl and 25% PEG 6000. The results of the pot experiment showed that individual seed inoculation and the coinoculation of multifarious plant growth promoting (PGP) Bacillus strains (SR2 and SR18) in rice fields significantly enhanced plant height, root length volume, tiller numbers, dry weight, and yield compared to the untreated control. This indicates ...
The main objective of this study was to investigate the utilization of various agro-industrial wa... more The main objective of this study was to investigate the utilization of various agro-industrial wastes such as wheat bran, wheat husk, wheat straw, peanut powder, pomace, corn cobs, rice straw, sawdust and sugarcane bagasse for the cost-effective production of xylanase by Bacillus safensis XPS7 using the one-variable-at-a-time approach. A number of bacterial strains were isolated from different locations in the cold desert region of Himachal Pradesh, India. Among these, the hyperproducing strain designated as XPS7 was selected for optimized production of xylanase and identified as B. safensis based on 16S rDNA gene analysis. B. safensis XPS7 produced the maximum xylanase (141.28 U/mL) at 45 °C, pH 9, 24 h incubation time, 2% (w/v) wheat straw and wheat bran mixture as carbon source and 1.5% (w/v) ammonium nitrate as the nitrogen source in modified Riviere’s medium. The results showed that the combination of wheat straw and wheat bran proved to be a cheap and abundant source for the h...
Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are a group of bacteria that can be found in the rhiz... more Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are a group of bacteria that can be found in the rhizosphere, in association with roots which can enhance the growth of plant directly or indirectly. A large number of bacteria including species of Pseudomonas, Azospirillum, Azotobacter, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Alcaligenes, Arthrobacter, Burkholderia, Bacillus, Rhizobium and Serratia have reported to enhance plant growth. In the present study, six French bean rhizospheric soil samples were collected from different location of Shimla and Solan in H.P (India). A total of thirty bacteria were isolated and in vitro screening was done for different plant growth promotion activities i.e. phosphate solublization, IAA production, ammonia production, ACC deaminase activity, HCN production and catalase. In the present work twelve bacterial isolates were positive for phosphate solublization. IAA production was shown by almost all the bacterial isolates. Three isolates were positive for ammonia prod...
Environmental Biotechnology For Soil and Wastewater Implications on Ecosystems, 2019
Indo-Gangetic plain (IGP) is one of the largest agricultural region in the world feeding large po... more Indo-Gangetic plain (IGP) is one of the largest agricultural region in the world feeding large population of the country. Nutrient mining, lack of crop rotation and excessive use of agrochemicals has resulted into severe loss in soil fertility and slowdown in the crop productivity in Middle IGP. Farmers are compelled to apply higher fertilizer input per hectare (ha) every year to maintain or increase crop productivity. The soil fertility status of the MGP appears to be low to medium for various soil parameters. Soil pH is mostly in normal range with some samples showed increased salinity in the region. Nitrogen and soil organic carbon (SOC) content were deficient in the region’s soil. Phosphorus (P) and Potassium (K) content were also found to be deficient in most of the sampling sites. Soil enzymatic activity was found greater in rhizospheric soil as compare to non-rhizospheric soil due to presence of rhizospheric microbial activity.
Working capital management refers to a company's managerial accounting strategy designed to m... more Working capital management refers to a company's managerial accounting strategy designed to monitor and utilize the two components of working capital, current assets and current liabilities, to ensure the most financially efficient operation of the company. The goal of working capital management is to manage the firm’s current asset and current liabilities in such a way that satisfactory level of working capital is maintained. A study on comparison in working capital management with State Bank of India and Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India is analyzed to know the liquidity and current ratio. The interaction between current asset and current liabilities is therefore is the main theme of the theory of working capital management.
The present study involves the discovery of quality of soils associated with dump mines and nativ... more The present study involves the discovery of quality of soils associated with dump mines and native forest encompassing the Kakari mine, a coal mining site in Sonbhadra, to distinguish the effect of coal mining on associated soil ecosystem. Soil ecophysiological indicator of the site was analyzed in terms of floral diversity by method of quadrat analysis, which revealed that dumps were devoid of any floral community whereas the natural forest around the mines was enriched with a number of plant species. Importance value index (IVI) was calculated and with respect to their IVI index the tree species viz., Acacia mangium (23.17, 24.48 & 26.81) and Acacia catechu (20.34, 22.10 & 25.36) were found to be the most dominant species. Soil enzymatic and physico-chemical analysis were analyzed by standard method and the result emphasized that dump soils possess poor enzymatic activity and acidic pH due to the decomposition of waste material in dumps which eventually affects the microbial diversity of soil and its fertility. The plant growth promotion (PGP) and stress tolerance characteristics of bacterial isolates were further examined so that the potential isolates will be utilized further to reclaim and remediate soil property of degraded soils. The promising isolates were characterized by BIOLOG identification system and isolate NU36 and NU25 showed greatest similarity with Pseudomonas sp. and Acinetobacter sp. respectively. Based on the potential to produce plant growth promoting substances and withstand in stressed environment the most promising isolates will be used to remediate soil and reclaim soil characteristics.
Microbial Inoculants in Sustainable Agricultural Productivity, 2016
Soil is the incoherent matter on the earth's surface having organic and mineral content. It is su... more Soil is the incoherent matter on the earth's surface having organic and mineral content. It is subjected to environmental changes and hence shows effects of climate change as well as organisms over a period of time. Hence, it is the high time to fi nd ways to increase the crop productivity in soil as green revolution cannot withstand this need. An alternative to this problem is the use of soil microorganism to increase the fertility of soil. Soil enzymes originate from soil microbes and regulate the nutrient cycle. Potential soil isolates can be used to increase nutrients in soil. In addition, these isolates can help in reducing the increase of carbon dioxide by sequestering carbon in soil. It is known that CO 2 is one of the major greenhouse gases that contributes to global warming and CO 2 fl uxes are controlled by soil biota. Thus, soil act as buffer compartment to sequester carbon in relation to climate change. The sequestered soil carbon may further be utilized in agriculture and forestry and as a powerful option for global change mitigation. With this background, the present chapter aims to provide an insight into the contribution of microbial communities to soil carbon sequestration and its benefi ts to sustainable agriculture.
Mining activities alter the normal soil properties and negatively affect the ecosystem and enviro... more Mining activities alter the normal soil properties and negatively affect the ecosystem and environment by many ways. Assessing the damage done to the soil is very important to know the actual status of soil health. Soil health and fertility can be measured by the amount of microorganisms present and activity of different soil enzymes. Number of microorganisms shows amount of stress and unfavorable conditions. In the present study, colony forming units of microorganisms were found relatively higher in natural forest soils in comparison to soil collected from dump sites. Soil enzyme activities are very sensitive to both natural and anthropogenic disturbances and show a quick response to the induced changes so they can express the changes that may have happened in the soil due to mining. Soil phosphatase and dehydrogenase activity in natural forest have been found higher as compared to dump soil. In contrast, higher catalase activity
World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2011
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are the rhizosphere bacteria that can enhance plant g... more Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are the rhizosphere bacteria that can enhance plant growth by a wide variety of mechanisms like phosphate solubilization, siderophore production, biological nitrogen fixation, rhizosphere engineering, production of 1-Aminocyclopropane-1carboxylate deaminase (ACC), quorum sensing (QS) signal interference and inhibition of biofilm formation, phytohormone production, exhibiting antifungal activity, production of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), induction of systemic resistance, promoting beneficial plant-microbe symbioses, interference with pathogen toxin production etc. The potentiality of PGPR in agriculture is steadily increased as it offers an attractive way to replace the use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides and other supplements. Growth promoting substances are likely to be produced in large quantities by these rhizosphere microorganisms that influence indirectly on the overall morphology of the plants. Recent progress in our understanding on the diversity of PGPR in the rhizosphere along with their colonization ability and mechanism of action should facilitate their application as a reliable component in the management of sustainable agricultural system. The progress to date in using the rhizosphere bacteria in a variety of applications related to agricultural improvement along with their mechanism of action with special reference to plant growth-promoting traits are summarized and discussed in this review.
Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, Mar 1, 2020
Plant-based synthesis of nanoparticles has generated worldwide interest because of cost-effective... more Plant-based synthesis of nanoparticles has generated worldwide interest because of cost-effectiveness, eco-friendly nature and plethora of applications. In the present investigation, antimicrobial potential of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) of methanolic extract of Aegle marmelos fruit has been investigated. Agar well diffusion method was used for determining antimicrobial activity of solvent extracts (viz., petroleum ether, chloroform, acetone, methanol and aqueous), and AgNPs. Among these, methanolic extract of A. marmelos showed highest inhibitory activity against B. cereus (16.17 ± 0.50 mm) followed by P. aeruginosa (13.33 ± 0.62 mm) and E. coli. Phytochemical analysis of methanolic extract of A. marmelos revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, steroids, alkaloids, flavonoids, and glycosides. AgNPs synthesized using A. marmelos methanolic extract, characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and X-ray diffraction showed a peak at 436 nm and size ranged between 159 and 181 nm. Evaluation of the antimicrobial potential of green synthesized AgNPs recorded the highest inhibitory activity against B. cereus (19.25 ± 0.19 mm) followed by P. aeruginosa (16.50 ± 0.30 mm) and S. dysentriae. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of synthesized AgNPs was found to be in the range of 0.009875-0.0395 mg/100 μl which was quite lower than the MIC of crude extract i.e. 0.0781-0.3125 mg/100 μl. The results obtained indicated that the different crude extracts of A. marmelos plant as well as AgNPs have a strong and effective antimicrobial potential that provide a marvelous source for the development of new drug molecules of herbal origin which may be used for the welfare of humanity.
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Multifarious plant growth-promoting Bacillus strains recovered from rhizospheric soils of the Ind... more Multifarious plant growth-promoting Bacillus strains recovered from rhizospheric soils of the Indo Gangetic plains (IGPs) were identified as Bacillus licheniformis MNNITSR2 and Bacillus velezensis MNNITSR18 based on their biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA gene analysis. Both strains exhibited the ability to produce IAA, siderophores, ammonia, lytic enzymes, HCN production, and phosphate solubilization capability and strongly inhibited the growth of phytopathogens such as Rhizoctonia solani and Fusariun oxysporum in vitro. In addition, these strains are also able to grow at a high temperature of 50 °C and tolerate up to 10–15% NaCl and 25% PEG 6000. The results of the pot experiment showed that individual seed inoculation and the coinoculation of multifarious plant growth promoting (PGP) Bacillus strains (SR2 and SR18) in rice fields significantly enhanced plant height, root length volume, tiller numbers, dry weight, and yield compared to the untreated control. This indicates ...
The main objective of this study was to investigate the utilization of various agro-industrial wa... more The main objective of this study was to investigate the utilization of various agro-industrial wastes such as wheat bran, wheat husk, wheat straw, peanut powder, pomace, corn cobs, rice straw, sawdust and sugarcane bagasse for the cost-effective production of xylanase by Bacillus safensis XPS7 using the one-variable-at-a-time approach. A number of bacterial strains were isolated from different locations in the cold desert region of Himachal Pradesh, India. Among these, the hyperproducing strain designated as XPS7 was selected for optimized production of xylanase and identified as B. safensis based on 16S rDNA gene analysis. B. safensis XPS7 produced the maximum xylanase (141.28 U/mL) at 45 °C, pH 9, 24 h incubation time, 2% (w/v) wheat straw and wheat bran mixture as carbon source and 1.5% (w/v) ammonium nitrate as the nitrogen source in modified Riviere’s medium. The results showed that the combination of wheat straw and wheat bran proved to be a cheap and abundant source for the h...
Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are a group of bacteria that can be found in the rhiz... more Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are a group of bacteria that can be found in the rhizosphere, in association with roots which can enhance the growth of plant directly or indirectly. A large number of bacteria including species of Pseudomonas, Azospirillum, Azotobacter, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Alcaligenes, Arthrobacter, Burkholderia, Bacillus, Rhizobium and Serratia have reported to enhance plant growth. In the present study, six French bean rhizospheric soil samples were collected from different location of Shimla and Solan in H.P (India). A total of thirty bacteria were isolated and in vitro screening was done for different plant growth promotion activities i.e. phosphate solublization, IAA production, ammonia production, ACC deaminase activity, HCN production and catalase. In the present work twelve bacterial isolates were positive for phosphate solublization. IAA production was shown by almost all the bacterial isolates. Three isolates were positive for ammonia prod...
Environmental Biotechnology For Soil and Wastewater Implications on Ecosystems, 2019
Indo-Gangetic plain (IGP) is one of the largest agricultural region in the world feeding large po... more Indo-Gangetic plain (IGP) is one of the largest agricultural region in the world feeding large population of the country. Nutrient mining, lack of crop rotation and excessive use of agrochemicals has resulted into severe loss in soil fertility and slowdown in the crop productivity in Middle IGP. Farmers are compelled to apply higher fertilizer input per hectare (ha) every year to maintain or increase crop productivity. The soil fertility status of the MGP appears to be low to medium for various soil parameters. Soil pH is mostly in normal range with some samples showed increased salinity in the region. Nitrogen and soil organic carbon (SOC) content were deficient in the region’s soil. Phosphorus (P) and Potassium (K) content were also found to be deficient in most of the sampling sites. Soil enzymatic activity was found greater in rhizospheric soil as compare to non-rhizospheric soil due to presence of rhizospheric microbial activity.
Working capital management refers to a company's managerial accounting strategy designed to m... more Working capital management refers to a company's managerial accounting strategy designed to monitor and utilize the two components of working capital, current assets and current liabilities, to ensure the most financially efficient operation of the company. The goal of working capital management is to manage the firm’s current asset and current liabilities in such a way that satisfactory level of working capital is maintained. A study on comparison in working capital management with State Bank of India and Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India is analyzed to know the liquidity and current ratio. The interaction between current asset and current liabilities is therefore is the main theme of the theory of working capital management.
The present study involves the discovery of quality of soils associated with dump mines and nativ... more The present study involves the discovery of quality of soils associated with dump mines and native forest encompassing the Kakari mine, a coal mining site in Sonbhadra, to distinguish the effect of coal mining on associated soil ecosystem. Soil ecophysiological indicator of the site was analyzed in terms of floral diversity by method of quadrat analysis, which revealed that dumps were devoid of any floral community whereas the natural forest around the mines was enriched with a number of plant species. Importance value index (IVI) was calculated and with respect to their IVI index the tree species viz., Acacia mangium (23.17, 24.48 & 26.81) and Acacia catechu (20.34, 22.10 & 25.36) were found to be the most dominant species. Soil enzymatic and physico-chemical analysis were analyzed by standard method and the result emphasized that dump soils possess poor enzymatic activity and acidic pH due to the decomposition of waste material in dumps which eventually affects the microbial diversity of soil and its fertility. The plant growth promotion (PGP) and stress tolerance characteristics of bacterial isolates were further examined so that the potential isolates will be utilized further to reclaim and remediate soil property of degraded soils. The promising isolates were characterized by BIOLOG identification system and isolate NU36 and NU25 showed greatest similarity with Pseudomonas sp. and Acinetobacter sp. respectively. Based on the potential to produce plant growth promoting substances and withstand in stressed environment the most promising isolates will be used to remediate soil and reclaim soil characteristics.
Microbial Inoculants in Sustainable Agricultural Productivity, 2016
Soil is the incoherent matter on the earth's surface having organic and mineral content. It is su... more Soil is the incoherent matter on the earth's surface having organic and mineral content. It is subjected to environmental changes and hence shows effects of climate change as well as organisms over a period of time. Hence, it is the high time to fi nd ways to increase the crop productivity in soil as green revolution cannot withstand this need. An alternative to this problem is the use of soil microorganism to increase the fertility of soil. Soil enzymes originate from soil microbes and regulate the nutrient cycle. Potential soil isolates can be used to increase nutrients in soil. In addition, these isolates can help in reducing the increase of carbon dioxide by sequestering carbon in soil. It is known that CO 2 is one of the major greenhouse gases that contributes to global warming and CO 2 fl uxes are controlled by soil biota. Thus, soil act as buffer compartment to sequester carbon in relation to climate change. The sequestered soil carbon may further be utilized in agriculture and forestry and as a powerful option for global change mitigation. With this background, the present chapter aims to provide an insight into the contribution of microbial communities to soil carbon sequestration and its benefi ts to sustainable agriculture.
Mining activities alter the normal soil properties and negatively affect the ecosystem and enviro... more Mining activities alter the normal soil properties and negatively affect the ecosystem and environment by many ways. Assessing the damage done to the soil is very important to know the actual status of soil health. Soil health and fertility can be measured by the amount of microorganisms present and activity of different soil enzymes. Number of microorganisms shows amount of stress and unfavorable conditions. In the present study, colony forming units of microorganisms were found relatively higher in natural forest soils in comparison to soil collected from dump sites. Soil enzyme activities are very sensitive to both natural and anthropogenic disturbances and show a quick response to the induced changes so they can express the changes that may have happened in the soil due to mining. Soil phosphatase and dehydrogenase activity in natural forest have been found higher as compared to dump soil. In contrast, higher catalase activity
World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2011
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are the rhizosphere bacteria that can enhance plant g... more Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are the rhizosphere bacteria that can enhance plant growth by a wide variety of mechanisms like phosphate solubilization, siderophore production, biological nitrogen fixation, rhizosphere engineering, production of 1-Aminocyclopropane-1carboxylate deaminase (ACC), quorum sensing (QS) signal interference and inhibition of biofilm formation, phytohormone production, exhibiting antifungal activity, production of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), induction of systemic resistance, promoting beneficial plant-microbe symbioses, interference with pathogen toxin production etc. The potentiality of PGPR in agriculture is steadily increased as it offers an attractive way to replace the use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides and other supplements. Growth promoting substances are likely to be produced in large quantities by these rhizosphere microorganisms that influence indirectly on the overall morphology of the plants. Recent progress in our understanding on the diversity of PGPR in the rhizosphere along with their colonization ability and mechanism of action should facilitate their application as a reliable component in the management of sustainable agricultural system. The progress to date in using the rhizosphere bacteria in a variety of applications related to agricultural improvement along with their mechanism of action with special reference to plant growth-promoting traits are summarized and discussed in this review.
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