Papers by Stephen Zawistowski
PloS one, 2014
Large populations of free-roaming cats (FRCs) generate ongoing concerns for welfare of both indiv... more Large populations of free-roaming cats (FRCs) generate ongoing concerns for welfare of both individual animals and populations, for human public health, for viability of native wildlife populations, and for local ecological damage. Managing FRC populations is a complex task, without universal agreement on best practices. Previous analyses that use simulation modeling tools to evaluate alternative management methods have focused on relative efficacy of removal (or trap-return, TR), typically involving euthanasia, and sterilization (or trap-neuter-return, TNR) in demographically isolated populations. We used a stochastic demographic simulation approach to evaluate removal, permanent sterilization, and two postulated methods of temporary contraception for FRC population management. Our models include demographic connectivity to neighboring untreated cat populations through natural dispersal in a metapopulation context across urban and rural landscapes, and also feature abandonment of o...
Animal Learning & Behavior, 1984
Previous behavior-genetic analyses of the blow fly, Phormia regina, using conditioned behavior ha... more Previous behavior-genetic analyses of the blow fly, Phormia regina, using conditioned behavior have employed the Nelson procedure. Recent evidence suggests that measures of conditioning obtained with this procedure may be confounded with effects produced by nonassociative factors, base-level responsiveness, and a water-induced central excitatory state. Conditioned discrimination may be a way to avoid such confounds. Experiment 1 describes a taste discrimination procedure for conditioning P. regina, as well as the results of both a reversal and a randomized control to validate its effectiveness. Experiment 2 uses the conditioned discrimination procedure with an automatic stimulus-presentation apparatus to carry out bidirectional selective breeding for performance. Selection has produced two lines that differ significantly in conditioning performance, both from one another and from the foundation population. The results were not due to simple differences in base-level responsiveness. It is suggested that the conditioned discrimination procedure will prove useful in further behavior-genetic analyses of P. regina.
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 2012
To determine the effectiveness and adverse effects of apomorphine and 3% hydrogen peroxide soluti... more To determine the effectiveness and adverse effects of apomorphine and 3% hydrogen peroxide solution used for emesis in dogs. Prospective observational study. 147 dogs that received apomorphine (IV or placed in the conjunctival sac) or 3% hydrogen peroxide solution (PO) to induce emesis after exposure to toxic agents. Data regarding signalment; agent information; type, dose, route, and number of emetic administrations; whether emesis was successful; number of times emesis occurred; percentage of ingested agent recovered; and adverse effects were collected via telephone during American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Animal Poison Control Center operations and stored in a database for analysis. Mann-Whitney and Fisher exact tests were used to evaluate emetic success rates. Apomorphine and 3% hydrogen peroxide solution successfully induced emesis in 59 of 63 (94%) and 76 of 84 (90%) of dogs, respectively. Mean time to onset of emesis after the first dose of emetic was 14.5 and 18.6 minutes when hydrogen peroxide (n = 37) and apomorphine (31) were used, respectively, with mean durations of 42 and 27 minutes, respectively. Mean estimates for recovery of ingested agents were 48% for hydrogen peroxide and 52% for apomorphine. Adverse effects were reported in 16 of 112 (14%) dogs for which information was available. 3% hydrogen peroxide solution and apomorphine effectively induced emesis in dogs when used as directed. Emesis occurred within minutes after administration and helped recover substantial amounts of ingested agents. Adverse effects of both emetics were considered mild and self-limiting.
Journal of Insect Physiology, 1986
Dro.&zi sexual behaviour is influenced by a number of factors, including pheromones. Male D. mela... more Dro.&zi sexual behaviour is influenced by a number of factors, including pheromones. Male D. melanogasrer synthesize a lipid. cis-vaccenyl acetate. which is transferred to females during copulation.
Journal of Comparative Psychology, 1987
Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science, 2000
Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science, 2004
Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science, 1998
ABSTRACT
Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science, 1998
Americans profess a great love for their companion animals, and, indeed, their expenditures on fo... more Americans profess a great love for their companion animals, and, indeed, their expenditures on food and other products for their dogs and cats would seem to confirm this. However, each year, many millions of dogs and cats are brought to animal shelters, where the majority are euthanized. Our inability to provide reasonably valid statistics related to this concern makes it difficult to offer a credible presentation on the need for a concerted effort to deal with the issue, design initiatives to ameliorate the problem, or evaluate progress and performance of these efforts. In this article we review some of the past efforts to document the scale of the "pet overpopulation" problem. We reexamine long-term shelter statistics from a single shelter system and present new data that reflect a recent cooperative effort to understand the origins and disposition of dogs and cats received by animal shelters.
Behavior Genetics, 1985
Previous research has described conditions which will alter the mating behavior of femaleDrosophi... more Previous research has described conditions which will alter the mating behavior of femaleDrosophila. MaleD. melanogaster exposed to mated females or immature males will show reduced levels of courtship toward normally attractive virgin females or immature males, respectively. Experiments allowing experienced and naive subject males to compete for virgin females are described. The results indicate that experience with mated females does not significantly alter the effectiveness of a male competing for a mate. However, experience with immature males can significantly increase the chances of securing a mate in some circumstances. These results are consistent with previous suggestions that “learning” phenotypes inD. melanogaster may be associated with evolutionary fitness.
Behavior Genetics, 1982
... Interestingly, the responses to selection for high CES and for low CES were asymptotic after ... more ... Interestingly, the responses to selection for high CES and for low CES were asymptotic after one generation. ... (When the solutions were not shaken, responses to all solutions were fewer.) Most proboscis extensions ... Page 7. Behavior-Genetic Analysis of Phormia regina 401 scale. ...
... Population Dynamics and Animal Shelter Issues 11 Janet Scarlett 3 The Administrative Hurdles ... more ... Population Dynamics and Animal Shelter Issues 11 Janet Scarlett 3 The Administrative Hurdles of Shelter Medicine 25 Bonnie Yoffe-Sharp ... Contributors Kate F. Hurley, DVM, MPVM Director of Maddie's Shelter Medicine Program Center for Companion Animal Health School of ...
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Papers by Stephen Zawistowski