Papers by Stuart L Harris
Most Greek names make no sense whatsoever. However, while analyzing the names from Argonautica by... more Most Greek names make no sense whatsoever. However, while analyzing the names from Argonautica by Apollonius Rhodius (below), I discovered how they created proper names for people and things. With few exceptions, these names are people, obtained in childhood, not as an adult. They started with a sentence, took the first one or two letters of each word, and compiled them into a name. This sentence was nearly always advice from a grandparent to a grandchild upon their first encounter. Each sentence began with an imperative verb, followed by a noun or infinitive, and ended with a noun. If they mentioned the child's name, it was a generic name, not a proper name. The language was Finnish. For example: Abydus < A py tu, s < Auta pyyhkijäksi tuvan, sukuni 'Help clean the house, son'. This technique extends beyond Greek names; it works for Galicia in Spain, for instance. Methodology: Grandfather or Grandmother would offer some advice to their grandson or granddaughter upon their first meeting. This sentence was converted into a name by combining the initial one or two letters of each word. Homer outlined the procedure with the naming of Odysseus, but omitted the exact technique to construct the name. "Autolycus once visited Ithaca's fertile land, to find his daughter's son had just been born. Eurycleia set him down on the old man's knees as he finished dinner, urging him, 'Autolycus, you must find a name for your daughter's darling son. The baby comes as the answer to her prayers.' 'You, my daughter, and you, my son-in-law,' Autolycus replied, 'give the boy the name I tell you now. Let his name by Odysseus.'" (Odyssey 19, tr. Fagles) His name expands: O ty sy se, us < Ole tyyny syöä seuralla, urhos 'Have a pillow to eat with company, champion'. Every sentence begins with an imperative verb giving advice suitable for the age of the recipient, followed by a noun or infinitive. The last word of the sentence, a noun, may be followed by the generic name of a child.
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From Homer, Hector’s Barrow lay outside Troy, accessed via the East Gate, not too far, on the wes... more From Homer, Hector’s Barrow lay outside Troy, accessed via the East Gate, not too far, on the western slope of Mt. Ida, south of Scamander.
A wagon road passes by the East Gate of Troy, crosses Mt. Ida, then turns south. The reference to wagons suggests that the barrow was close to this wagon road, between 0.5 to 1.0 km from East Gate. Map Toija 2023-01 shows its exact position, adjacent to the wagon road. This road begins at the 4-way intersection at Ylikulma.
Ahhh, there it is! A long, rocky mound, nine meters high, beside the wagon road, 1.5 km east of Ylikulma (60.242, 23.289).
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Sigeum and Tenedos were found by following directions from Dictys and Homer. Confusing the issue ... more Sigeum and Tenedos were found by following directions from Dictys and Homer. Confusing the issue were Virgil and Apollodorus, who called Sigeum by the name Tenedos.
Sigeum Headland famously hosts the burial mound of Achilles and Patroclus. Only one headland with steep cliffs on three sides fits the description. The port of Sigeum faced the mouth of Hellespont that led to Troy. The day of the fall of Troy, the Achaean fleet beached at Sigeum, pretending to leave the war. The Argonauts stopped here twice, the second time at night; in the dark, they mistook their position, which led to a battle with Sigeum.
Tenedos, a palisaded port west of Troy, was known for its Temple of Athena that housed two great serpents. Hungry, they swam across Simois Bay toward Athena’s Temple in Ilium, and ate two children along the way. Trojans ignored this catastrophic omen and brought the Trojan Horse into the city. That night, Troy fell.
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The camp of the Achaean Army was the largest city in Finland during the Trojan War. It housed 50,... more The camp of the Achaean Army was the largest city in Finland during the Trojan War. It housed 50,000 soldiers, 1000 longboats, cattle and food. Two large wharves extended from a beach into deep water to unload cargo ships. A formidable palisade with watch towers surrounded the camp on three sides.
It was 1.5 kilometers south of Troy, on the shore of a bay of the Aegean Sea, on a peninsula that separated the river Simois from the river Xanthos. This bay had once serviced Troy, but no longer did because sea level had fallen. The site had ready access to the slopes of Mount Ida to gather wood. Land between the camp and Troy was flat enough that the Trojan Horse could be pulled along on its wheels.
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Sigeum and Tenedos were found by following directions from Dictys and Homer. Confusing the issue ... more Sigeum and Tenedos were found by following directions from Dictys and Homer. Confusing the issue were Virgil and Apollodorus, who called Sigeum by the name Tenedos.
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Troy is located near the eastern shore of the Aegean Sea. It is five km NE of the railway station... more Troy is located near the eastern shore of the Aegean Sea. It is five km NE of the railway station at Ervela, which is 5 km NE of Perniö. It occupies a one-kilometer square that is NE of the intersection labeled Ylikulma at the bottom right corner of topo map Pernion Asema 2021-10. Coordinates 60.2373, 23.2684.
Troy has two pieces, the main city a kilometer on a side, founded by Dardanus (Ilmarinen in Kalevala), and Ilium at the southwest corner, founded by Ilus, son of Tros.
In the northwest corner is Pohjola (Northfarm in Kalevala) where Prince Scamander and other Trojans lived before Dardanus founded Dardania across the highway.
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Many events in Greek and Finnish history occurred at Lemnos and Imbros. Two large cairns are name... more Many events in Greek and Finnish history occurred at Lemnos and Imbros. Two large cairns are named. Buildings can be reconstructed in great detail based on aerial photographs. Layers of buildings provide a calendar of catastrophes that repeatedly killed off the population of Finland.
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Lesbos, meaning ‘Forested’ in Old Greek, occupied the north end of a peninsula on the port side w... more Lesbos, meaning ‘Forested’ in Old Greek, occupied the north end of a peninsula on the port side when entering the Aegean Sea from the Hellespont (Figure 1). The name survives as Lehtola meaning ‘Grove land’. Unlike many nearby communities, it had no palisade, most of which were hastily built between 1400 BC and 1300 BC. At the tip of the peninsula, a rocky mound is the burial cairn erected by Achilles to honour Trambelus. Lesbos has five periods of occupation separated by catastrophes. Hiettaron-mäki, the spine of the peninsula, has two large cairns. It comes from Hiettar eron mäki meaning ‘Hiettar departure hill’. Hiettar is the Finnish equivalent of Heiðr, a seeress. The Aesir accused Gullveig of witchcraft and burned her three times. She reincarnated as Heiðr, and her death lead the Æsir to attack the Vanir. The second cairn belongs to Skuld, Norn of the Future, the vala who recited the Völuspa prophecy to Odin.
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In the summer of 2002, three of us flew to Finland to search for Homer’s Troy. We were following... more In the summer of 2002, three of us flew to Finland to search for Homer’s Troy. We were following a suggestion by Felice Vinci that Troy would be close to a village Troia. After many adventures and the discovery of how to see buildings among spruce trees, I found Troy just 10 km away at 60.237, 23.264. This is the key to unlocking three civilizations all in the Commune of Perniö.
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"Seven men pronounce at dusk to behead our companion to console the people's fury." Nessglyph is ... more "Seven men pronounce at dusk to behead our companion to console the people's fury." Nessglyph is an inscription carved with metal around a hole ground into a piece of red sandstone at Nesscliffe Hill, Shropshire, England, an Iron Age hillfort. It may originally have been located near an entryway.
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Peasemore Enclosure is a rebus in Old European that defines its purpose: a meeting place for the ... more Peasemore Enclosure is a rebus in Old European that defines its purpose: a meeting place for the Assembly Core. It was constructed at the same time as Stonehenge and Avebury. A figure in the ground is a beacon tower to communicate with Avebury. Other enclosures are rebuses as well.
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Peasemore Enclosure is a rebus in Old European that defines its purpose: a meeting place for the ... more Peasemore Enclosure is a rebus in Old European that defines its purpose: a meeting place for the Assembly Core. It was constructed at the same time as Stonehenge and Avebury. A figure in the ground is a beacon tower to communicate with Avebury. Other enclosures are rebuses as well.
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The peculiar outline of Glenford Fort in Perry County, Ohio, built by the Adena culture, is a reb... more The peculiar outline of Glenford Fort in Perry County, Ohio, built by the Adena culture, is a rebus in Old European. The funeral mound at Glenford Fort is dedicated to a chief from Tunisia, who died between 400 and 350 BC. It reads ‘Our great speaker, a peaceful man from the country Tunisia’.
The Adena culture arrived in Ohio in 400 BC aboard ships commissioned by them from Carthage, along with other groups fleeing from an invasion of the Po Valley in northern Italy by Gauls.
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Around 2150 BC, Bell-Beaker settlers erected a large hexagonal hall and octagonal barn around the... more Around 2150 BC, Bell-Beaker settlers erected a large hexagonal hall and octagonal barn around the hilltop of Yeavering Bell at Kirknewton in Northumberland. The builders encircled the twin structures with a race-track shaped wall of stones that enclosed 13.8 acres. Although classified as a ring fort, the wall is too low for defense. The wall is a rebus made up of letters from Old European that reads "Pig pen and cattle pasture" in Finnish. Nearby they established a port at Lindisfarne. An analysis of the historical context suggests this was the home of the Titan Krios and Eurobea established to trade copper from Iberia.
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Casterley Camp lies 20 km south of the beacon tower at Top Temple near Avebury. It occupies the t... more Casterley Camp lies 20 km south of the beacon tower at Top Temple near Avebury. It occupies the top of a flat hill above the river Avon that offers no natural protection. A perimeter wall surrounds 68 acres. Traces of circular huts and four burial mounds fill the interior.The irregular outline of Casterley Camp forms a rebus. The script is Old European and the language is Finnish. Its message relates that thousands will gather with High Father to conduct a farewell after dusk.
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Avebury, with its hundreds of stone sarsens and a deep ring ditch, was constructed around 2600 BC... more Avebury, with its hundreds of stone sarsens and a deep ring ditch, was constructed around 2600 BC. The embankments of the ditch, internal roads and two interior stone circles comprise a rebus in Finnish made from Old European letters. It says that one purpose of Avebury was to host weddings:
Champions furrow a ditch. The men’s families are washing our filthy clothes. A great wedding demands a large amount of mead for all the maidens and men.
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Recent theories of ice ages have focused on celestial mechanics rather than orbital parameters of... more Recent theories of ice ages have focused on celestial mechanics rather than orbital parameters of Earth to explain their cyclicality. Three fundamental questions remain: A: What causes ice sheets to cycle? B: What causes ice sheets to shrink? C: What causes ice sheets to grow?
Two discoveries have led me to propose a new theory of ice ages. The first discovery was two opposing planets that circled the Sun every 16 years. In 20.3 ka BP, the Sun captured a planet from outer space that was sundered into two planets by planet Tiamat. In 14.8 ka BP, Jupiter kibbled both planets, whose pieces bombarded Earth every year, vaporized ice sheets and caused sea level to rise rapidly. The second discovery was that the end of each ice age over the last 800,000 years can be modeled with two series, of which one date falls at 20,300 BP, when the planet was captured.
A clue to all three questions occurs in the Hindu creation myth, paraphrased as ‘At a time when Vasuki stirred the celestial ocean and caused a barrage of comets and planets to intrude into the solar system for a millennium, ….’. Vasuki means ‘Open-mouthed serpent’, that is, the constellation Hydra; this comet barrage originated where Hydra crosses the celestial equator.
Sea level serves as an excellent proxy for ice ages; an increase in ice lowers sea level. During the last 800,000 years: C) sea level would slowly decline as ice sheets expanded; B) then rapidly rise, independent of temperature. A) These sudden U-turns fall into two sequences with periods of 204,400 years and 137,000 years.
A) This repetition of sea-level rise may be explained by two large planets orbiting through the thin, flat disk of the Inner Oort Cloud (IOC). Each passage disturbs a large number of comets and planetoids, half of which orbit the Sun while the rest vanish into the Outer Oort Cloud (OOC). Comets orbit three times for each orbit of the planet; each round trip adds to the number of comets. It is not the comets themselves that cause sea level to rise, but capture of a planet by the Sun, then destruction of the same planet by Jupiter.
Based on the Hindu myth, each barrage lasted a thousand years, which might be twice the thickness of the IOC. Based on Monte Carlo simulation, the average comet from the OOC repeats this round trip 35 times before an interaction with a planet alters its orbit. Comets from the IOC interact more frequently with planets, so an average comet might last 10 round trips.
Estimates of the IOC comet population above 100 m diameter range from 5 to 13 trillion. During a comet barrage, 1 to 3 new comets circle the Sun every day; 3% of these would be planetoids, of which the Sun would capture one or more of planet size during each barrage.
B) The gravity of Jupiter would force the new planet into the planetary plane. After some delay, Jupiter would kibble the captured planet. The resulting debris tended to follow the original orbit, but strung out in a long line in the same plane as Earth. Nearly every time Earth passed through the string, debris would strike it. Strikes above an ice sheet ablated the ice, raised sea level and ended the ice age over a period of several thousand years, independent of temperature.
C) Sea-level data shows that for the last 800,000 years, sea level tends to decline until encountering a comet barrage. Earth’s orbit has expanded so far away from the Sun that we are now in a perpetual ice age, relieved only by the outcome of a comet barrage. Most likely this scenario extends back to the beginning of ice sheets 2.5 million years ago.
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Between 11 am and 1 pm on September 25, 17,524 BP (15,574 BC; 14,380 C14 BP), a 2300-meter tide s... more Between 11 am and 1 pm on September 25, 17,524 BP (15,574 BC; 14,380 C14 BP), a 2300-meter tide slammed into the Pacific Coast from Alaska to Mexico, drawn by gravity from Nibiru. It flooded British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, California, Mexico, Idaho, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, Montana, Wyoming, Colorado and New Mexico. Its antipode in the Indian Ocean struck Antarctica, Australia, Africa and India.
It left scars still visible on Google Earth: brown mud, scoured hillsides, less-fertile land underlain by hard-pan, and salt playas. In the Central Valley of California, a brick-hard red clay beneath a layer of silt requires a previous close encounter to fire the clay before it was later covered by the sea. The flood eroded enough ice to raise sea level 4 meters. Evaporation of mountain glaciers and sea-water caused a deep snowfall in Greenland that skewed layer-counting by twenty years.
At insanely high speed, the tide swept around the Sierra Nevada and over the Cascade Range of Oregon and Washington. It scoured soil from the land, poisoned the remaining soil with salt, and created numerous lakes, some temporary, some permanent. The outflow cut the Grand Canyon deeper.
Its force eroded 1.6 million cubic kilometers of ice along the west coast of Canada, the northwest border of the US, the mountains of the Sierra Nevada, and the coast of Antarctica facing the Indian Ocean.
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Between 11 am and 1 pm on September 25, 17,524 BP (15,574 BC; 14,380 C14 BP), a 2300-meter tide s... more Between 11 am and 1 pm on September 25, 17,524 BP (15,574 BC; 14,380 C14 BP), a 2300-meter tide slammed into the Pacific Coast from Alaska to Mexico, drawn by gravity from Nibiru. Its antipode in the Indian Ocean struck Antarctica, Australia, Africa and India. It flooded British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, California, Mexico, Idaho, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, Montana, New Mexico, and West Texas.
It left four kinds of scars visible on Google Earth: super-heated rocks, scoured hillsides, less-fertile land underlain by hard-pan, and salt playas. The hard pan beneath a layer of silt requires a previous close encounter to fry the land before being covered by the sea. The Navaho Reservation took the full brunt of Nibiru’s sun-like temperature. The flood eroded enough ice to raise sea level 4 meters. Evaporation of mountain glaciers and sea-water caused a deep snowfall in Greenland that skewed layer-counting by twenty years.
At insanely high speed, the tide swept over the Cascade Range of Oregon and Washington, scoured soil from the land, poisoned the remaining soil with salt, and created numerous lakes, some temporary, some permanent.
Its force eroded 1.6 million cubic kilometers of ice along the west coast of Canada, the northwest border of the US, the mountains of the Sierra Nevada, and the coast of Antarctica facing the Indian Ocean.
The tide was created by Nibiru, a miniature sun with ten times the mass of Earth and an orbital period of 20 years. It was a remnant of a supernova with a surface temperature rivaling the Sun. Every 1200 years, at the fall equinox, Nibiru would pass very close to Earth in the northern hemisphere. The Madrid Codex specified the date as September 25.
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Papers by Stuart L Harris
A wagon road passes by the East Gate of Troy, crosses Mt. Ida, then turns south. The reference to wagons suggests that the barrow was close to this wagon road, between 0.5 to 1.0 km from East Gate. Map Toija 2023-01 shows its exact position, adjacent to the wagon road. This road begins at the 4-way intersection at Ylikulma.
Ahhh, there it is! A long, rocky mound, nine meters high, beside the wagon road, 1.5 km east of Ylikulma (60.242, 23.289).
Sigeum Headland famously hosts the burial mound of Achilles and Patroclus. Only one headland with steep cliffs on three sides fits the description. The port of Sigeum faced the mouth of Hellespont that led to Troy. The day of the fall of Troy, the Achaean fleet beached at Sigeum, pretending to leave the war. The Argonauts stopped here twice, the second time at night; in the dark, they mistook their position, which led to a battle with Sigeum.
Tenedos, a palisaded port west of Troy, was known for its Temple of Athena that housed two great serpents. Hungry, they swam across Simois Bay toward Athena’s Temple in Ilium, and ate two children along the way. Trojans ignored this catastrophic omen and brought the Trojan Horse into the city. That night, Troy fell.
It was 1.5 kilometers south of Troy, on the shore of a bay of the Aegean Sea, on a peninsula that separated the river Simois from the river Xanthos. This bay had once serviced Troy, but no longer did because sea level had fallen. The site had ready access to the slopes of Mount Ida to gather wood. Land between the camp and Troy was flat enough that the Trojan Horse could be pulled along on its wheels.
Troy has two pieces, the main city a kilometer on a side, founded by Dardanus (Ilmarinen in Kalevala), and Ilium at the southwest corner, founded by Ilus, son of Tros.
In the northwest corner is Pohjola (Northfarm in Kalevala) where Prince Scamander and other Trojans lived before Dardanus founded Dardania across the highway.
The Adena culture arrived in Ohio in 400 BC aboard ships commissioned by them from Carthage, along with other groups fleeing from an invasion of the Po Valley in northern Italy by Gauls.
Champions furrow a ditch. The men’s families are washing our filthy clothes. A great wedding demands a large amount of mead for all the maidens and men.
Two discoveries have led me to propose a new theory of ice ages. The first discovery was two opposing planets that circled the Sun every 16 years. In 20.3 ka BP, the Sun captured a planet from outer space that was sundered into two planets by planet Tiamat. In 14.8 ka BP, Jupiter kibbled both planets, whose pieces bombarded Earth every year, vaporized ice sheets and caused sea level to rise rapidly. The second discovery was that the end of each ice age over the last 800,000 years can be modeled with two series, of which one date falls at 20,300 BP, when the planet was captured.
A clue to all three questions occurs in the Hindu creation myth, paraphrased as ‘At a time when Vasuki stirred the celestial ocean and caused a barrage of comets and planets to intrude into the solar system for a millennium, ….’. Vasuki means ‘Open-mouthed serpent’, that is, the constellation Hydra; this comet barrage originated where Hydra crosses the celestial equator.
Sea level serves as an excellent proxy for ice ages; an increase in ice lowers sea level. During the last 800,000 years: C) sea level would slowly decline as ice sheets expanded; B) then rapidly rise, independent of temperature. A) These sudden U-turns fall into two sequences with periods of 204,400 years and 137,000 years.
A) This repetition of sea-level rise may be explained by two large planets orbiting through the thin, flat disk of the Inner Oort Cloud (IOC). Each passage disturbs a large number of comets and planetoids, half of which orbit the Sun while the rest vanish into the Outer Oort Cloud (OOC). Comets orbit three times for each orbit of the planet; each round trip adds to the number of comets. It is not the comets themselves that cause sea level to rise, but capture of a planet by the Sun, then destruction of the same planet by Jupiter.
Based on the Hindu myth, each barrage lasted a thousand years, which might be twice the thickness of the IOC. Based on Monte Carlo simulation, the average comet from the OOC repeats this round trip 35 times before an interaction with a planet alters its orbit. Comets from the IOC interact more frequently with planets, so an average comet might last 10 round trips.
Estimates of the IOC comet population above 100 m diameter range from 5 to 13 trillion. During a comet barrage, 1 to 3 new comets circle the Sun every day; 3% of these would be planetoids, of which the Sun would capture one or more of planet size during each barrage.
B) The gravity of Jupiter would force the new planet into the planetary plane. After some delay, Jupiter would kibble the captured planet. The resulting debris tended to follow the original orbit, but strung out in a long line in the same plane as Earth. Nearly every time Earth passed through the string, debris would strike it. Strikes above an ice sheet ablated the ice, raised sea level and ended the ice age over a period of several thousand years, independent of temperature.
C) Sea-level data shows that for the last 800,000 years, sea level tends to decline until encountering a comet barrage. Earth’s orbit has expanded so far away from the Sun that we are now in a perpetual ice age, relieved only by the outcome of a comet barrage. Most likely this scenario extends back to the beginning of ice sheets 2.5 million years ago.
It left scars still visible on Google Earth: brown mud, scoured hillsides, less-fertile land underlain by hard-pan, and salt playas. In the Central Valley of California, a brick-hard red clay beneath a layer of silt requires a previous close encounter to fire the clay before it was later covered by the sea. The flood eroded enough ice to raise sea level 4 meters. Evaporation of mountain glaciers and sea-water caused a deep snowfall in Greenland that skewed layer-counting by twenty years.
At insanely high speed, the tide swept around the Sierra Nevada and over the Cascade Range of Oregon and Washington. It scoured soil from the land, poisoned the remaining soil with salt, and created numerous lakes, some temporary, some permanent. The outflow cut the Grand Canyon deeper.
Its force eroded 1.6 million cubic kilometers of ice along the west coast of Canada, the northwest border of the US, the mountains of the Sierra Nevada, and the coast of Antarctica facing the Indian Ocean.
It left four kinds of scars visible on Google Earth: super-heated rocks, scoured hillsides, less-fertile land underlain by hard-pan, and salt playas. The hard pan beneath a layer of silt requires a previous close encounter to fry the land before being covered by the sea. The Navaho Reservation took the full brunt of Nibiru’s sun-like temperature. The flood eroded enough ice to raise sea level 4 meters. Evaporation of mountain glaciers and sea-water caused a deep snowfall in Greenland that skewed layer-counting by twenty years.
At insanely high speed, the tide swept over the Cascade Range of Oregon and Washington, scoured soil from the land, poisoned the remaining soil with salt, and created numerous lakes, some temporary, some permanent.
Its force eroded 1.6 million cubic kilometers of ice along the west coast of Canada, the northwest border of the US, the mountains of the Sierra Nevada, and the coast of Antarctica facing the Indian Ocean.
The tide was created by Nibiru, a miniature sun with ten times the mass of Earth and an orbital period of 20 years. It was a remnant of a supernova with a surface temperature rivaling the Sun. Every 1200 years, at the fall equinox, Nibiru would pass very close to Earth in the northern hemisphere. The Madrid Codex specified the date as September 25.
A wagon road passes by the East Gate of Troy, crosses Mt. Ida, then turns south. The reference to wagons suggests that the barrow was close to this wagon road, between 0.5 to 1.0 km from East Gate. Map Toija 2023-01 shows its exact position, adjacent to the wagon road. This road begins at the 4-way intersection at Ylikulma.
Ahhh, there it is! A long, rocky mound, nine meters high, beside the wagon road, 1.5 km east of Ylikulma (60.242, 23.289).
Sigeum Headland famously hosts the burial mound of Achilles and Patroclus. Only one headland with steep cliffs on three sides fits the description. The port of Sigeum faced the mouth of Hellespont that led to Troy. The day of the fall of Troy, the Achaean fleet beached at Sigeum, pretending to leave the war. The Argonauts stopped here twice, the second time at night; in the dark, they mistook their position, which led to a battle with Sigeum.
Tenedos, a palisaded port west of Troy, was known for its Temple of Athena that housed two great serpents. Hungry, they swam across Simois Bay toward Athena’s Temple in Ilium, and ate two children along the way. Trojans ignored this catastrophic omen and brought the Trojan Horse into the city. That night, Troy fell.
It was 1.5 kilometers south of Troy, on the shore of a bay of the Aegean Sea, on a peninsula that separated the river Simois from the river Xanthos. This bay had once serviced Troy, but no longer did because sea level had fallen. The site had ready access to the slopes of Mount Ida to gather wood. Land between the camp and Troy was flat enough that the Trojan Horse could be pulled along on its wheels.
Troy has two pieces, the main city a kilometer on a side, founded by Dardanus (Ilmarinen in Kalevala), and Ilium at the southwest corner, founded by Ilus, son of Tros.
In the northwest corner is Pohjola (Northfarm in Kalevala) where Prince Scamander and other Trojans lived before Dardanus founded Dardania across the highway.
The Adena culture arrived in Ohio in 400 BC aboard ships commissioned by them from Carthage, along with other groups fleeing from an invasion of the Po Valley in northern Italy by Gauls.
Champions furrow a ditch. The men’s families are washing our filthy clothes. A great wedding demands a large amount of mead for all the maidens and men.
Two discoveries have led me to propose a new theory of ice ages. The first discovery was two opposing planets that circled the Sun every 16 years. In 20.3 ka BP, the Sun captured a planet from outer space that was sundered into two planets by planet Tiamat. In 14.8 ka BP, Jupiter kibbled both planets, whose pieces bombarded Earth every year, vaporized ice sheets and caused sea level to rise rapidly. The second discovery was that the end of each ice age over the last 800,000 years can be modeled with two series, of which one date falls at 20,300 BP, when the planet was captured.
A clue to all three questions occurs in the Hindu creation myth, paraphrased as ‘At a time when Vasuki stirred the celestial ocean and caused a barrage of comets and planets to intrude into the solar system for a millennium, ….’. Vasuki means ‘Open-mouthed serpent’, that is, the constellation Hydra; this comet barrage originated where Hydra crosses the celestial equator.
Sea level serves as an excellent proxy for ice ages; an increase in ice lowers sea level. During the last 800,000 years: C) sea level would slowly decline as ice sheets expanded; B) then rapidly rise, independent of temperature. A) These sudden U-turns fall into two sequences with periods of 204,400 years and 137,000 years.
A) This repetition of sea-level rise may be explained by two large planets orbiting through the thin, flat disk of the Inner Oort Cloud (IOC). Each passage disturbs a large number of comets and planetoids, half of which orbit the Sun while the rest vanish into the Outer Oort Cloud (OOC). Comets orbit three times for each orbit of the planet; each round trip adds to the number of comets. It is not the comets themselves that cause sea level to rise, but capture of a planet by the Sun, then destruction of the same planet by Jupiter.
Based on the Hindu myth, each barrage lasted a thousand years, which might be twice the thickness of the IOC. Based on Monte Carlo simulation, the average comet from the OOC repeats this round trip 35 times before an interaction with a planet alters its orbit. Comets from the IOC interact more frequently with planets, so an average comet might last 10 round trips.
Estimates of the IOC comet population above 100 m diameter range from 5 to 13 trillion. During a comet barrage, 1 to 3 new comets circle the Sun every day; 3% of these would be planetoids, of which the Sun would capture one or more of planet size during each barrage.
B) The gravity of Jupiter would force the new planet into the planetary plane. After some delay, Jupiter would kibble the captured planet. The resulting debris tended to follow the original orbit, but strung out in a long line in the same plane as Earth. Nearly every time Earth passed through the string, debris would strike it. Strikes above an ice sheet ablated the ice, raised sea level and ended the ice age over a period of several thousand years, independent of temperature.
C) Sea-level data shows that for the last 800,000 years, sea level tends to decline until encountering a comet barrage. Earth’s orbit has expanded so far away from the Sun that we are now in a perpetual ice age, relieved only by the outcome of a comet barrage. Most likely this scenario extends back to the beginning of ice sheets 2.5 million years ago.
It left scars still visible on Google Earth: brown mud, scoured hillsides, less-fertile land underlain by hard-pan, and salt playas. In the Central Valley of California, a brick-hard red clay beneath a layer of silt requires a previous close encounter to fire the clay before it was later covered by the sea. The flood eroded enough ice to raise sea level 4 meters. Evaporation of mountain glaciers and sea-water caused a deep snowfall in Greenland that skewed layer-counting by twenty years.
At insanely high speed, the tide swept around the Sierra Nevada and over the Cascade Range of Oregon and Washington. It scoured soil from the land, poisoned the remaining soil with salt, and created numerous lakes, some temporary, some permanent. The outflow cut the Grand Canyon deeper.
Its force eroded 1.6 million cubic kilometers of ice along the west coast of Canada, the northwest border of the US, the mountains of the Sierra Nevada, and the coast of Antarctica facing the Indian Ocean.
It left four kinds of scars visible on Google Earth: super-heated rocks, scoured hillsides, less-fertile land underlain by hard-pan, and salt playas. The hard pan beneath a layer of silt requires a previous close encounter to fry the land before being covered by the sea. The Navaho Reservation took the full brunt of Nibiru’s sun-like temperature. The flood eroded enough ice to raise sea level 4 meters. Evaporation of mountain glaciers and sea-water caused a deep snowfall in Greenland that skewed layer-counting by twenty years.
At insanely high speed, the tide swept over the Cascade Range of Oregon and Washington, scoured soil from the land, poisoned the remaining soil with salt, and created numerous lakes, some temporary, some permanent.
Its force eroded 1.6 million cubic kilometers of ice along the west coast of Canada, the northwest border of the US, the mountains of the Sierra Nevada, and the coast of Antarctica facing the Indian Ocean.
The tide was created by Nibiru, a miniature sun with ten times the mass of Earth and an orbital period of 20 years. It was a remnant of a supernova with a surface temperature rivaling the Sun. Every 1200 years, at the fall equinox, Nibiru would pass very close to Earth in the northern hemisphere. The Madrid Codex specified the date as September 25.