Papers by Sulaiman A B D U L W A H A B Sulaiman
POLAC MANAGEMENT REVIEW, 2021
Management of working capital is a challenging issue for financial managers because the success o... more Management of working capital is a challenging issue for financial managers because the success or otherwise of the management of financial ratios affect firms' value. In this regard, this study examined the Moderating Effect of Firm Size on the Relationship Between Cash Conversion Cycle and Firms' Value of Listed Industrial-Goods Firms in Nigeria. Eleven (11) out of twelve (12) Industrial-goods firms listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange for the period of 2009-2019 were considered. Data were sourced from the annual Reports/Financial statements of the sample firms. The study adopted ex-post facto research design. Regression analyses were conducted using Feasible generalized least square and Het-corrected standard errors. Primary finding revealed that cash conversion cycle has positive significant effect on Tobin's Q, but secondary finding revealed that cash conversion cycle has insignificant effect on Tobin's Q as a result of firm size moderation. In view of the findings, this study concluded that firm size do not significantly moderate cash conversion cycle. Therefore, recommends that Managers of Industrial-goods firms in Nigeria should not invest too much in non-current assets as it reduces the amount of liquidity of the firms; Similarly, Managers should reduce the number of days of converting stock to cash; Managers should equally reduce the account receivable period but increase the account payable period. Thus, the firms can be more liquid which can use for investment in other profitable portfolios that can increase the value of the firms thereby enhancing and maximizing the shareholders wealth.
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YOBE JOURNAL OF ACCOUNTING RESEARCH, 1(1), 30-44, 2021
Despite human contributions to firms' operations in Nigeria, justification or otherwise of intell... more Despite human contributions to firms' operations in Nigeria, justification or otherwise of intellectual capital in driving the firms' value indices have constitute challenging puzzle to firms in Nigeria. This study examined components of intellectual capital and firms' value of Agriculture listed firms in Nigeria for the period of eleven years (2009-2019). Human capital efficiency, structural capital efficiency and capital employed efficiency are components of intellectual capital while Tobins' Q proxied firms' value. Firm size and leverage served as control variables. The study used ex-post facto research design and Fixed effect models regression. The study revealed that Human capital efficiency has positive but insignificant effect on Tobin's while, structural capital efficiency has positive significant effect on Tobin's Q. Capital employed efficiency has negative but insignificant effect on Tobin's Q. Both firm size and leverage have negative significant effect on Tobin's Q. In view of the findings, the study concluded that components of intellectual capital have influence on firms' value of Agriculture listed firms in Nigeria. Therefore, the researchers recommended that Managers of Agriculture firms in Nigeria should use intellectual capital as a strategic approach and introduce policies in the pursuit and achievement of firms' value in a competitive business environment, Managers should also ensure investment in human capital via knowledge development that can create value for staff and finally, Manager should pay attention to tangible assets both physical and financial capital in relation to total assets so as to ensure a better ratio that is favorable to capital employed efficiency.
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Journal of Management Sciences, Vol. 3, No. 1, 2020
Intellectual capital is increasingly receiving attention as a value creator in firms as well as t... more Intellectual capital is increasingly receiving attention as a value creator in firms as well as to generate competitive advantage in business. This study investigates value added intellectual capital and financial performance moderated by managerial ownership: Evidence from Listed Health-Care Firms in Nigeria for the period of eleven years (2009-2019). Value added intellectual capital measures intellectual capital while return on assets proxies financial performance. Financial leverage and firm size served as control variables. The finding was based on the output of robust ordinary least square analysis. The study reveals that moderated Value added intellectual capital has negative significant effect on return on assets. The finding shows an inverse relationship between managerial ownership, moderated value added intellectual capital on financial performance which supports the entrenchment effect, therefore, the role of board of Directors become critical in deciding to either lower the level of managerial ownership in order to ease the entrenchment effect or monitor their performance to ensure the alignment of interest between managers and shareholders. The researchers recommend that managers should increase investment in intellectual capital in order to encourage business growth, maintain competitive advantage. The investment can be in: employee training, financial and non-financial rewards, creating challenging and stimulating working environment.
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Dutse International Journal of Social and Economic Research, Vol. 4. No. 2, July, 2020
This study investigated the effect of financial risk on the financial performance, using panel da... more This study investigated the effect of financial risk on the financial performance, using panel data from the annual reports and financial statements of 8 listed deposit money banks in Nigeria over a 10-year period from 2010 to 2019. The study was conducted using ex-post factor and longitudinal research designs. Descriptive analytical tools such as mean, median, minimum and maximum values among others were used in data presentation, while fixed effects model with robust heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation (HAC) standard errors was applied in analysing the effect of financial risk management proxies as credit risk, operational risk and market risk on the financial performance measured by return on equity (ROE). Results indicate that credit risk proxy by capital adequacy ratio (CAR) and market risk measured by net interest margin (NIM) have significant and positive effects on the financial performance; while operational risk gauged by cost-to-income ratio (CIR) did not have any significant effect on the ROE as an indicator of the financial performance. The study concludes that listed deposit money banks (DMBs) in Nigeria are highly capitalized to withstand the danger posed by risk weighted assets. Following this conclusion, it is therefore, recommended that banks should improve their capital base as banks with high capital adequacy ratio are more likely to witness improvement in shareholder's wealth.
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Ilorin Journal of finance, 2(2), 2018
This study analyzed the impact of financial leverage on the financial performance of three quoted... more This study analyzed the impact of financial leverage on the financial performance of three quoted firms in the agricultural sector in Nigeria, between 2005 and 2017. The study adopted ex-post factor and longitudinal research designs. Descriptive statistics and Pooled Ordinary Least Squares were adopted as methods of estimation. The major findings revealed that short-term debt ratio has significant negative impact on the financial performance, while long-term debt ratio has no significant impact on the financial performance. The study also discovered that total-debt equity ratio has a significant positive impact on the financial performance proxy by return on equity. The study, therefore, concluded that debt financing is not the best financing option for quoted firms in the agriculture sector in Nigeria. The paper recommended that quoted firms in the agriculture sector should further increase equity financing and reduce debt financing, particularly short-term debt. Equity can be enhanced through increase in the amount of ploughed back profit/retained earnings and bonus issue.
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Journal of Accounting, 1(1), 1-19, 2017
Building on the existing evidence, this study sets out to examine the nature and extent of the ro... more Building on the existing evidence, this study sets out to examine the nature and extent of the role of exchange rate volatility on the stock returns amongst five selected emerging African Stock Markets-Egypt, Mauritius, Nigeria, South Africa and Tunisia. Using daily data covering the period May 2, 2007, to November 30, 2015 (i.e. 2089 observations). The study employs three Multivariate Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (MGARCH) models of Engel's (2002), Tse and Tsui (2002) and Engel and Kelly (2008) to examine the interdependence and volatility spillover between the exchange rates and stock market returns for the five African countries. The findings reveal that: (i) volatility in exchange rates and the stock market is found to be persistent over time in all the countries; (ii) there is evidence of significant volatility spillover between exchange rate and the stock market in two countries only. Specifically, the conditional correlation between exchange rate and the stock market is found to be negative for Egypt, but positive for South Africa. We conclude that, high volatility of exchange rate and stock market returns can have significant adverse effect on investment and macroeconomic stability. Second, the results for Egypt and South Africa has confirmed the linkages between exchange rates and stock markets in Africa. Based on these empirical evidences, the study recommends for policy-makers to use the exchange rate as a policy tool to attract foreign portfolio investment, and the need for the Egyptian and South African stock exchanges to maintain their cooperation with global stock markets. There is, in principle the need for government intervention to regulate or reduce volatility in the exchange rate in order to attract local and foreign investment.
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Journal of Accounting and Management, Volume 3, Number 1 June, 2020
Entry barriers are economic terms describing the existence of high capital that prevent new compe... more Entry barriers are economic terms describing the existence of high capital that prevent new competitors from easily entering an industry or area of business. High capital requirements limit the number of firms in a market and allow the incumbent firms maximize their market shares and profits. The paper evaluates the effect of entry barriers on capital structure of listed firms in Nigeria for a period of 10 years (2009-2018). Entry barriers as a product-market-competition variable was regressed against short term debt and long term debt while firms' sales served as control variable of the in the model. The study adopts ex-post facto design, multiple regression technique and ordinary least square estimation methods. Post estimation and diagnostic tests were conducted. The findings revealed that entry barriers has negative significant effect on short term debt and positive significant effect on long term debt; while sales growth has negative but insignificant effect on both short and long term debts. The study concludes that nexus exists between entry barriers and capital structure of listed firms in Nigeria; and also adds to existing marketing and finance literature. The study therefore, recommends that, listed firms should use long term debt in their capital structure in order to expand production facilities, increase sales outlet, take advantage of improved technology, and take advantage of economies of scale to enable them perform more aggressive in the industry so as to create barriers to entry against firms that intend going into the industry. However, listed firms should use short term debt only during less competitive situation.
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Dutse International Journal of Social and Economic Research, Vol. 3, No. 2. December, , 2019
Herfindahl-Hirschman Index is the method for measuring product-market-competition among rival fir... more Herfindahl-Hirschman Index is the method for measuring product-market-competition among rival firms. This paper evaluates the effect of Herfindahl-Hirschman Index on capital structure and financial performance of listed firms in Nigeria for a period of eight years (2011-2018). Herfindahl-Hirschman Index was proxied by Sum of squared total sales of a firm/Industry Total sales while capital structure was proxied by debt financing of firms' assets whereas financial performance was proxied by return on assets. The study adopts ex-post facto research design and panel dataset of time series and cross sectional. Post-diagnostic tests were conducted to ascertain the normality of the residuals, the multicollinearity problem, and the heteroskedasticity issue and model fitness. The findings revealed that Herfindahl-Hirschman Index has negative significant effect on short term debt, long term debt and return on assets. While sales growth has negative significant impact on short term debt but insignificant effect on long term debt and return on assets. The study concludes that nexus exists between Herfindahl-Hirschman Index and capital structure and financial performance therefore recommends that listed firms' Managers in Nigeria should maintain an average level of debt, ensure increase in market share so as to have an increase profitability and maintain an above-average level of product-market-competition in order to have competitive edge over rival firms.
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Journal of Accounting and Management, 2(1), , 2019
The paper examines the effects of financial management practices on profitability of Listed Consu... more The paper examines the effects of financial management practices on profitability of Listed Consumer-Goods firms in Nigeria for a period of twelve years (2006-2017). The study uses data obtained from the annual reports/financial statements of the firms. Financing decision, investment decision and dividend decision are the explanatory variables while return on asset is the dependent variable. Firm size was used as control variable. The study also uses longitudinal research design and multiple regression technique (Random effect model). The findings of the reveal that financing decision and investment decision have positive significant effect on profitability while dividend decision has insignificant effect on profitability. The study recommends that listed consumer goods firms in Nigeria should maintain optimal capital structure by using debt. The study also recommends that the firms should invest in current assets and non-current assets in anticipation of an expected flow of benefits over time. This study discourages firms from regular payment of dividend in cash rather other forms of non-cash dividend so as to be remain liquid. The management of firms should be careful to avoid being mistaken on the assume contribution of dividend policy to performance, which could culminate into distribution of bigger portion of the firms' earnings than necessary. Also there is need for the management to design threshold of dividend distribution to avoid eroding fund that can be harness for future finance of the firms. ,
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Dutse International Journal of Social and Economic Research, , 2019
The study evaluates the effect of financial performance, capital structure and firm size on firms... more The study evaluates the effect of financial performance, capital structure and firm size on firms' value of listed consumer-goods firms in Nigeria for the period of 12 years (2006-2017). Return on Assets and Return on Equity proxy financial performance while Short-term debt and Long-term debt proxy financial leverage; Natural logarithm of total assets proxy firm size while Tobin's Q proxy firms' value. Firm growth serves as control. The study uses ex-post facto Pooled Ordinary Least Squares together with Panel data estimators consisting of Fixed Effects Model and Random Effects Model. The study reveal that Return on Assets, short term debt and long term debt have positive significant effect on Tobin's Q, Return on Equity has negative significant effect on Tobin's Q while firm size and firm growth have insignificant effect on Tobin's Q. The study concludes that the independent variables have effects on the dependent variables. The study recommends that the management of the firms should maintain the use of debt in their capital structure as it enhances firm's value; the management should sustain and improve on the level of total assets as it enhances firms' value. ,
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University of Port Harcourt Journal of Management, 1(4), 178-192. ISSN: 2536-7048., 2019
This study analysed the effect of credit risk management on the financial performance, using evid... more This study analysed the effect of credit risk management on the financial performance, using evidence from the annual reports/financial statements of 10 quoted deposit money banks in Nigeria during a 7-year period from 2010-2016. The study was carried out using ex-post factor and longitudinal research designs. Descriptive statistics were used in the presentation of data, while fixed effects panel estimator was applied in assessing the effect of credit risk management variables as capital adequacy ratio (CAR); non-performing loans ratio (NPLR); cost-to-income ratio (CIR); return on asset (ROA); liquidity ratio (LR) and loans-to-deposit ratio (LDR) on the financial performance surrogated by return on equity (ROE). Regression results from the fixed effects model (FEM) reveals that CAR, ROA and LDR have positive and significant impact on the financial performance; while NPLR, CIR and LR have no significant impact of the financial performance measured by the ROE. The study concludes that the total regulatory capital held by banks vis-à-vis the risk weighted assets as measured by CAR is sufficient. Following this conclusion, it is therefore, recommended that banks that are yet to adhere to the minimum 10% CAR for national banks and 15% for international banks as suggested by the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) should do so or even surpass the minimum benchmark in order to increase shareholder's wealth represented by ROE.
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Journal of Accounting and Management, 1(2), 148-154. ISSN 1119-2454, www.nda.edu.ng December, , 2018
This study examines the effect of corporate social responsibility expenditure on profitability of... more This study examines the effect of corporate social responsibility expenditure on profitability of 5 listed oil and gas firms in Nigeria using secondary data obtained from the annual reports/financial statements of the chosen firms’ for a period of seven years (2010-2016). Random effect model was used. The dependent variable is profitability proxied by return on equity. After controlling for firm size, the findings reveal that corporate social responsibility expenditure has positive and significant effect on profitability. The study concludes that corporate social responsibility activities do not only improve the well-being of the society but also enhance shareholders’ wealth. Following the major conclusion, the study recommends that firms in the oil and gas sector should exhibit high level of commitment to corporate social responsibility activities in order to enhance their profitability.
Keywords: corporate social responsibility, oil and gas firms, profitability.
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Journal of Accounting and Management,1(2), 172-178. ISSN 1119-2454, www.nda.edu.ng December, , 2018
The study examines the effect of corporate governance on profitability of listed companies in Nig... more The study examines the effect of corporate governance on profitability of listed companies in Nigeria for the period of eight years (2010-2017). Board size, board independence, board meetings, ownership structure, and women on board represents corporate governance while return on assets represents profitability. firm size and firm growth were control variables. The study uses inferential statistics, descriptive statistics, multiple regression technique for analysis. Hausman specification test determines the appropriate panel regression model. The study reveals that board size, women on board, board meetings and firm size have positive significant effect on return on assets while board independence, ownership structure and firm growth have insignificant effect on return on assets. The study therefore, recommends that, board size of the companies should be increased, the number of women on board should also be increased, Also, the number of board meetings should be increased.
Keywords: board meetings, board size, ownership structure, profitability, women on board
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Journal of Accounting and Management,1(1), 224-237. ISSN 1119-2454, www.nda.edu.ng June 2018. , 2018
This study examines Firm characteristics and environmental disclosure of listed oil and gas firms... more This study examines Firm characteristics and environmental disclosure of listed oil and gas firms in Nigeria for the period of seven years (2010-2016). In this study, environmental disclosure is used synonymous with natural wealth disclosure and corporate social responsibility. The population of the study is 12 firms while the sample size of the study is 10 firms. Firm characteristics were proxied by firm size, firm age and profitability while binary codification was used for natural wealth disclosure. The study used panel binary logistics regression to analyse the data while descriptive statistics and correlation matrix made the pre-regression analyses. The study found that firm size and firm profitability have negative but insignificant relationship with natural wealth disclosure while firm age has positive significant relationship with natural wealth disclosure. From the findings, it was concluded that both firm age firm size have effects on natural wealth disclosure of listed oil and gas firms in Nigeria. Based on the conclusion, it is therefore recommended that investors should consider firm age of Nigerian oil and gas firms as the bases for natural wealth disclosure. However, investors should not consider firm size, on the bases of total assets, as the bases for natural wealth disclosure.
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Journal of Finance, Accounting and Management, 10(1), 57-74, January 2019. Central Michigan University, USA. https://gsmi-ijgb.com/wp-content/uploads/JFAM-V10-N1-P05-Habibu-Ayuba-Financial-Performance. ISSN: 21532826, 2019
The study evaluates the Effects of Financial Performance, capital Structure and Firm Size on Firm... more The study evaluates the Effects of Financial Performance, capital Structure and Firm Size on Firms’ Value of 27 quoted Insurance Companies on the Nigerian Stock Exchange as at the 31st December, 2017. The study covered the period of 6 years (2012-2017). Return on Capital Employed, Return on Assets and Return on Equity proxied financial performance; Short-term debt/Total assets, Long-term debt/Total Assets and Total Debt/Total Assets proxied capital structure; Natural logarithm of total assets proxied firm size while Tobin's Q proxied firms' value. Firm age serves as control variable which is defined as firms' incorporated period. The study uses ex-post facto research design and longitudinal panel which comprises time series and cross sectional data. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and regression. The study revealed that all explanatory variables, except Return on Capital Employed have positive significant effect on Tobin's Q. Specifically, Return on Capital Employed and firm age have insignificant effect on Tobin's Q. The study concludes that the explanatory variables affects Insurance firms' value in Nigeria. Therefore, the study recommends that the management of Insurance firms in Nigeria should only use short debt in their capital structure as it enhances firms' value and desist using long term debt deceases the firm's value, the management should sustain or improve on the level of total assets as it enhances firms' value and firms' size. Finally, the management should reduce the volume of shareholders' equity of the firms.
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Journal of Finance, Accounting and Management, 10(1), 43-56, January 2019. Central Michigan University, USA. https://gsmi-ijgb.com/wp-content/uploads/JFAM-V10-N1-P04-Ibrahim-Muhammad-Loan-, 2019
Small and Medium Enterprises contributes to the development of both developed and developing Nati... more Small and Medium Enterprises contributes to the development of both developed and developing Nations. This contribution depends on the performance of Small and Medium Enterprises. In Nigeria, there are many credit facilities provided by financial institutions for Small and Medium Enterprises; the facilities are meant to promote Small and Medium Enterprises' activities. Most of these credit facilities are granted to Small and Medium Enterprises without collateral, as such, some Small and Medium Enterprises default in repayment of the loan facilities. Therefore, this study examines Loan Characteristics, Loan Repayment and Performance of small and medium enterprises in Kano city: A mediating model. Loan characteristics was proxied by loan size and loan tenure. Data were collected from 108 respondents through structured questionnaire and a simple random sampling technique was applied. The data were analyzed using correlation and multiple regression analysis. The study revealed that loan size and loan tenure have Positive significant relationship with loan repayment. The study further revealed that, Small and Medium Enterprises performance partially mediate the relationship between loan size, loan tenure and loan repayment. Therefore, the study recommends that an average loan size and loan tenure should be maintain when granting loan and where adjustment becomes necessary, the financial institution should set loan size and loan tenure based on cash pattern (income) of the borrower in order to increase loan repayment performance of the Small and Medium Enterprises.
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Journal of Finance, Accounting and Management, 10(1), 26-42, January 2019. Central Michigan University, USA. https://gsmi-ijgb.com/wp-content/uploads/JFAM-V10-N1-P03-Hudu-Gambo-Credit-Risk-Management. ISSN: 21532826, 2019
This study analyzed the effect credit risk management on the financial performance of quoted depo... more This study analyzed the effect credit risk management on the financial performance of quoted deposit money banks in Nigeria for a 9-year period (2010-2018). The study used data gathered from annual reports and financial statements of seven deposit money banks. Credit risk management was proxied by Loan to deposit ratio, credit risk, capital adequacy risk, and solvency risk while financial performance was proxied by return on assets. Firm size served as control variable. The study uses ex-post factor research design. Descriptive and inferential statistics comprising: Correlation Analysis, Multiple Regression Analysis using Ordinary Least Square and Generalized Least Square methods of Panel Regression Models were used. STATA 13 software aided the analysis. The findings revealed that Loan to deposit ratio, credit risk and capital adequacy risk have insignificant effect on return on assets while solvency risk and firm size have positive significant effect on return on assets. The study therefore, recommends that the management of the banks should establish a proper credit risk environment, sound credit granting processes, appropriate credit administration, measurement, monitoring and control over credit risk, policy and strategies that clearly summarize the scope and allocation of bank credit facilities as well as the approach in which a credit portfolio is managed i.e. how loans are originated, appraised, supervised and collected, which are the basic elements for effective credit risk management. The bank management should sustain or improve on the level of total assets as it enhances firms' size.
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Ilorin Journal of Finance, Volume 2, Number 1, Pp.82-95 , 2018
The paper investigates the effect of Working Capital Management on the profitability of sixteen (... more The paper investigates the effect of Working Capital Management on the profitability of sixteen (16) listed Consumer Goods firms in Nigeria for a period of seven years (2010-2016). The independent variable was proxied by Current Ratio, Trade Receivable Period, Trade Payable Period and Inventory Conversion Period, while Return on Assets and Return on Equity proxied the dependent variable. Company size and Company growth are the control variables for the study. The study used Panel data technique and multiple regression analysis method. The findings revealed that Trade Receivable Period is positively and statistically significant at 1% on Return on Assets, while Current ratio, Trade Payable and Inventory Conversion Period have insignificant effect on Return on Assets. Although trade receivable period had positive significant effect on financial performance, this study concludes that working capital management variables of this study do not have positive effect on profitability. Therefore, the study recommends that financial managers should set shorter credit period for the firms to be more liquid. Secondly, Managers should re-negotiate with their suppliers for increase in the number of days accounts payable period are due for payment in order to have more cash to avoid liquidity problem. Thirdly, the management should continuously monitor their inventory levels with a view to reducing the number of days inventory are held before they are sold.
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Journal of Social and Management Sciences, Volume 12, No. 1, Pp.1-9, 2017
Following the divergence views on the resultant outcome of merger and acquisition in Nigeria, thi... more Following the divergence views on the resultant outcome of merger and acquisition in Nigeria, this study tested for significant difference in firm market performance in Nigeria under Pre and Post-Merger and Acquisition. Data on stock returns and returns variations were collated from Machame RATIOS from 2006 to 2015 and the Wilcoxon signed test was used to test for difference in pre and post M&A stock market performance. The study formulated two research hypotheses. Following our hypotheses, the findings revealed that there is no significant difference in firm’s abnormal stock returns before and after merger and acquisition. We also found out there is also no significant difference in firm stock returns variations (Risk) before and after mergers and acquisition. This study therefore recommended that investors and portfolio managers should not try to invest on the basis Merger and Acquisition as this does not translate into improvement of shareholders’ returns.
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FUDMA Economic and Development review. , 2017
The paper investigates the relationship between debt interest bearing capital structure and the p... more The paper investigates the relationship between debt interest bearing capital structure and the performance of firms. The investigation has been performed using Panel data multiple regression analysis for a sample of 30 Nigerian quoted firms on the Nigerian Stock Exchange during 2010-2015. The study uses three performance measures:Return on Equity, Return on Asset, and Earnings per Share while long term interest bearing debt, short term interest bearing debt as capital structure measure.Firm size and firm growth are control variables. The findings indicate that Long term interest bearing capital structure and firm size have positive significant effect on return on equity while Short term interest bearing capital structure and firm growth have insignificant effect on return on equity. Short term interest bearing debt, Long term interest bearing debt, firm size and firm growth have insignificant effect on return on assets and earnings per share. It is therefore recommended that manufacturing finance Managers of firms in Nigeria should pay more attention to long term interest bearing debt since it enhances firm performance.
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Papers by Sulaiman A B D U L W A H A B Sulaiman
Keywords: corporate social responsibility, oil and gas firms, profitability.
Keywords: board meetings, board size, ownership structure, profitability, women on board
Keywords: corporate social responsibility, oil and gas firms, profitability.
Keywords: board meetings, board size, ownership structure, profitability, women on board