Books by Svitlana Zhabotynska
O. Bilash (compiler). Research initiative on democratic reforms in Ukraine (RIDRU). Peer-reviewed articles on a 2017 international on-line conference supported by the Kule Institute for Advanced Study, University of Alberta. , 2020
This paper focuses on the problem of Ukrainians’ individual bilingualism when, of the two
languag... more This paper focuses on the problem of Ukrainians’ individual bilingualism when, of the two
languages—Ukrainian and Russian—the dominant one is Russian, which, being dissonant with the political dominance of Ukrainian, causes psychological tension in society. To alleviate such tension, which tends to be grounded in public ignorance on the nature of bilingualism, this paper proposes a systemic analysis of neurocognitive and social prerequisites that determine dominance of a particular language for an individual, and it proposes ways to increase Ukrainian as the subdominant language for various age groups.
Кeywords: bilingualism, dominance, neurocognitive factors, the Russian language, the
Ukrainian language.
Discourse and Interaction, 2020
This article focuses on three related theoretical problems: classification of expressive speech a... more This article focuses on three related theoretical problems: classification of expressive speech acts that till present remains a highly disputable issue of linguistic pragmatics, specificity of emotives as a type of expressives, and the patterns of emotives' modifications in the current discourse space as it is represented in the literary text. The authors suggest a classification of expressive speech acts built at the intersection of the cognitive (semantic), communicative and semiotic planes that demonstrate distinctions between the classes of behavitives and emotives and between their sub-classes. It is further presumed that emotives, when used in discourse, get modified in accordance with regular patterns compatible with the cognitive operations of elaboration, extension, questioning, and combining described in different cognitive linguistic conceptions. This presumption is confirmed via analysis of positive emotives portrayed in the literary text which, besides the character's speech proper, describes the other discourse aspects relevant for the illocutionary meaning of a speech act. The patterns of discourse modifications exhibited by positive emotives as a congeneric sub-class are considered to be relevant for the other sub-classes of emotives-negative, bi-polar and ambivalent.
Когнитивные исследования языка. Вып. 36. Понимание. Интерпретация. Когнитивное моделирование. Сб. н. трудов в честь 70-летия В.З.Демьянкова / отв. ред. выпуска М.Л. Ковшова. Москва-Тамбов: Издательский дом "Державинский". С. 352-371 , 2019
Целью данной статьи является систематизация многочисленных значений англоязычного предлога with н... more Целью данной статьи является систематизация многочисленных значений англоязычного предлога with на основе концептуальной сети, демонстрирующей взаимосвязь прямых и переносных значений предлога. Систематизация прямых значений осуществляется на основе теории образ-схем. Для систематизации переносных значений привлекаются положения Семантики лингвальных сетей (СЛС). Концептуальная сеть полисемии предлога with определяется как ментальная репрезентация, используемая для обработки информации о мире и порождения новых понятий путем использования известных языковых форм.
Ключевые слова: предлог with, прямые значения, переносные значения, концептуальная сеть полисемии, образ-схемы, семантика лингвальных сетей
"WITH": COMPUTABILITY OF MULTIPLE MEANINGS
(a cognitive linguistic interpretation)
This paper aims to systemically arrange the multiple meanings of the English preposition with via building a conceptual network that demonstrates interrelations of direct and indirect prepositional meanings. Systemic grouping of the direct meanings grounds on the Theory of Image-Schemas. Stratification of indirect meanings adopts the findings of the Semantics of Lingual Networks (SLN). The conceptual network of polysemy built for the preposition with is defined as a mental representation employed for processing information about the world and generating new concepts with the help of familiar linguistic forms.
Key words: preposition with, direct meanings, indirect meanings, conceptual network of polysemy, image-schemas, semantics of lingual networks.
Cognition, Communication, Discourse. International on-line scholarly journal, 2018
This special issue presents findings of the transnational research project “Crisis, Conflict and ... more This special issue presents findings of the transnational research project “Crisis, Conflict and Critical Diplomacy: EU Perceptions in Ukraine, Israel and Palestine” (C3EU) (2015-2018) focusing on Ukraine-specific results. Articles by researchers from Ukraine, New Zealand, Sweden, Germany, Canada, and the United Kingdom combine approaches of cognitive and communicative linguistics with the provisions of communication and media studies, cultural studies, political science, studies of international relations and European integration.
This study, done within the frameworks of political and cognitive linguistics, discusses neologis... more This study, done within the frameworks of political and cognitive linguistics, discusses neologisms coined by the two political rivals – the supporters of Maidan (M), who adhere to sovereign democratic Ukraine, and the supporters of Anti-Maidan (AM), who favor the idea of Ukraine’s integration with Russia. The data, over 380 units, were collected from the Internet in December 2013 – December 2014, the time span covering the revolution in Kyiv, annexation of the Crimea, and the war in Donbas. The data represent ideologies with a ‘two-value orientation’ (Hayakawa & Hayakawa 1990) grounded on the opposition ‘self = good :: others = bad’.
The analyzed neologisms are considered as weapons employed in the battle of worldviews, or in the information (consciental) war. Explanation of the origin of such verbal weapons is provided with the reference to Robert Entman’s (2003) ‘cascade activation’ framing theory– an analytical model developed for the analysis of media. The model “explains how interpretive frames activate and spread from the top level of a stratified system <…> to the network of non-administration elites, and on to news organizations, their texts, and the public – and how interpretations feed back from lower to higher levels” (ibid: 415). Entman notes that, when facing huge volumes of information, people tend to react to those frames which possess “the capacity to stimulate support of or opposition to the sides in a political conflict” (ibid: 417). Entman discusses frames as narrative, textual representations of information about some political events. In this paper, the idea of cascading frames helps to account for the ideological sources of neologisms. The Maidan’s neologisms demonstrate the ‘bottomup’ movement of a worldview which starts from interpretation of the reality by the public. This interpretation typically proceeds from a real fact / experience which is assessed and manifested with the respective word. Therefore, the direction is FACT / EXPERIENCE > ASSESSMENT > WORD. The Antimaidan’s neologisms represent the ‘topdown’ movement of the worldview. In this case, the relation between a word and the fact which it names has a reversed direction: WORD > ASSESSMENT > FACT. A word with evaluative judgment refers to the fact which, due to this word, is reinterpreted or perverted, or a word per se creates a ‘fact’ that, being imaginary, is claimed to be ‘real’. The authorities employ such reinterpreted and created ‘facts’ to shape the desired societal worldview capable of fighting another worldview which they consider inappropriate and dangerous.
The research of ‘messages’ conveyed by M’s and AM’s neologisms is done in three stages. At the first stage, their meanings are arranged thematically within two matrix conceptual modes representing the topics relevant for M and AM. The count of terms which name the domains of these models exposes prominence of particular topics. The second stage focuses on the inner form of neologisms, or their motivators. The latter are analyzed with regard to their factual constituents, and their negative evaluative constituents. The factual constituents construe ideological ‘maps’ rooted in the real and virtual worlds. The evaluative constituents demonstrate negative judgment of various degrees identified as (1) implicit, (2) converted, (3) explicit, (4) aggressive, and (5) archetypal pejorization. At the third stage, neologisms are analyzed as to expressivity of their outer (material) form. All three stages of the analysis provide comparison of M and AM terms as ideological weapons.
Finally, the paper considers the impact of neologisms upon the mind. This impact is analyzed within the framework of the theory of memes (Balkin 1998, Dawkins 1989). AM’s neologisms are interpreted as those which disseminate ‘mind-viruses’ (Levy 2013) the dispelling of which requires people’s getting conscious of how their consciousness is manipulated with.
Papers by Svitlana Zhabotynska
C. Wiesner and M. Knodt (eds). War against Ukraine and the EU, 2024
Contributing to the debate of how narratives organize and serve information to exert influence be... more Contributing to the debate of how narratives organize and serve information to exert influence beyond national borders, we answer an urgent call for comparative narrative analysis in International Relations (IR). To explore the changing global narratives of Ukraine, we engage with commentators who argue a certain unity in sensemaking about Ukraine in the West (including the EU) vis-à-vis the non-Western world, and we also examine how Western narratives on Ukraine/war against Ukraine are divided. Empirically, we engage with the media narratives framing Ukraine in 2022–2023 in the selected countries of Europe, Global South and in China. These narratives are compared to the results of the representative public surveys in the respective locations and the overview of the knowledge-producing outputs (think tanks and academia) in the selected countries. We engage with the concept of “antagonistic narrative strategies” and dissect pro-Kremlin narratives directed towards diverse receivers around the world in general, and the EU in particular. Finally, we highlight six “takeaways” for the EU facing an uncertain world at this time of war against Ukraine. Building on our previous work, we argue the impact of the constructed image in the narrative can be reinforced by the interplay of two projection properties: (1) content accentuation and priming, through iterations and content contextualization and (2) historical and cultural resonance with the receivers.
New Zealand Journal of Research on Europe , 2023
At present, Ukraine may be termed an international 'pivot' in the two meanings of this wordas a r... more At present, Ukraine may be termed an international 'pivot' in the two meanings of this wordas a rotation stem and an important issue. Russia's brutal military assault against Ukraine has shaken the international community and made it recognize the fragility of world peace and the necessity to restore and maintain it via revising and strengthening political alliances. This article examines one of the triggers of Russia's aggression ongoing since 2014-Ukraine's formulation of the strategic selfnarrative focused on its European and Euro-Atlantic perspective. We argue that this narrative, selffeaturing Ukraine as a sovereign actor belonging to Europe, has ample historical grounds, dissected in this article according to Braudel's (1980) conception of 'Historical Time' that splits into long, mid and short terms. We propose and illustrate the 'IN', 'OUTSIDE', 'BACK TO', 'WITH', and 'FOR EUROPE' semantic taxonomy to unpack the strategic narrative directions from Ukraine's past to its present and future. Our analysis highlights Ukraine's being IN Europe in its long-term history which builds a bridge to the short history and present times, when Ukraine, standing against Russia WITH Europe and FOR it, aspires to be IN Europe again as an equal and reliable partner of European democracies.
Keywords: Ukraine, Europe, Russia, Russia-Ukraine war, Ukraine’s self-narrative, strategic narrative, Braudel’s historical periods.
New Zealand Slavonic Journal, 2022
The focus of this article is the metaphorical expressions employed to feature the 2022 Russia-Ukr... more The focus of this article is the metaphorical expressions employed to feature the 2022 Russia-Ukraine war in the political narratives of Chinese media addressed to international audience. The data come from the English edition of The Global Times, one of the ‘voices’ of Chinese official propaganda. Methodologically, the study is based on the theory of conceptual metaphor (Lakoff and Johnson 1980). The analysed metaphorical expressions are brought under conceptual metaphors exhibiting cross-mapping of the target and source domains, with the target domains being thematically integrated into the ‘Russia-Ukraine war’ image crafted by the media narratives. It is argued that within the verbal portrait of this image some conceptual metaphors combine into interlocking patterns that demonstrate the properties of a rhizome. The salience of targets, which is defined by their metaphorical ranges and the number of metaphorical expressions with which they are described, points to foregrounding the respective ideas by the narrator. As a manipulative device, metaphorical portrayal of these ideas prescribes their emotional interpretation which, being primed through multiple verbal iterations, creates the required bias in the readers’ worldview. In the studied data, this bias resonates with that of Russia’s anti-Ukrainian and anti-Western narratives.
Key words: Russia-Ukraine war, political narrative, conceptual metaphors, Chinese media, verbal manipulation, emotional bias, propaganda.
Cooperation and Conflict, 2023
Abstract
Contributing to the 'narrative turn' in International Relations and offering ... more Abstract
Contributing to the 'narrative turn' in International Relations and offering an answer to the question 'What makes a strategic narrative efficient?', this article adds to the methodological theorization of the formation and projection phases of the narrative's life cycle . We suggest that the impact of the constructed image in the narrative can be reinforced by the interplay of at least three projection properties : (I) content accentuation and priming, through iterations; (2) content contextualization, through historical and cultural resonance with the consumers' memories; and (3) content verbalization, through narrative tactics that evoke a range of the consumers' involved attitudes to the framed image . These properties, being intrinsic ingredients of
the projected content, tend to enhance emotions. In our work, they get traction in the antagonistic narrative tailored by the Russian propaganda to depict Ukraine orientated towards the European Union (EU). The empirical case study analyses articles published on the Russian e-news platforms portraying the EU granting Ukrainians visa-free travel to the Schengen area in 2017, a milestone in Ukraine-EU relations. We define Russia's narrative, created in reaction to this event, as antagonistic and consider it to be a precursor of the aggressive narrative crafted/employed by Russia to justify its 2022 military assault on Ukraine's sovereignty.
Keywords: antagonistic narrative, formation and projection phase, research methodology, Russian mainstream media, strategic narrative, Ukraine-EU relations, visa-free travel
Cognition, Communication, Discourse, 2022
This study, done within the framework of political and cognitive linguistics, discusses emotively... more This study, done within the framework of political and cognitive linguistics, discusses emotively loaded language of political media narratives that serve as the major manipulative tool with which propaganda exerts ideological impact on the public. Among various linguistic devices employed in molding the political narrative, a conspicuous role is played by emotively loaded lexicon that is in focus of this inquiry. It aims to expose the contribution of emotively loaded words into featuring a media image of the war launched by Russia against Ukraine in February, 2022. As a result of ideological confrontation between the adversaries and between their allies, this image, targeting home audiences in Russia and Ukraine, as well as foreign audiences, is framed as either pro-Ukrainian and pro-Russian, with the respective emotive assessments being mostly contrastive. Our study considers a pro-Russian image of the war shaped by the English version of The Global Times popular tabloid that belongs to Chinese state media. The dataset includes the articles depicting the Russia-Ukraine war in the context of international relations. The articles were published during June, 2022, three months after the beginning of Russia's military assault. In the study, the analysis of emotive lexicon grounds on a cognitive ontology of the RUSSIA-UKRAINE WAR image. Such ontology, defined as event-focused, allows for structuring information about the event proper and its participants. Their verbally crafted 'portraits' are made salient through the scope of employed emotive expressions, which facilitates priming and entrenchment of the intended biased image in the reader's mind.
Cognition, communication, discourse, 2022
This study represents a research project done at the crossroads of political, multimodal and cogn... more This study represents a research project done at the crossroads of political, multimodal and cognitive linguistics. In focus is the Russia-Ukraine war featured in March-May, 2022 by the English edition of the Global Times, a Chinese media outlet, one of the voices of pro-Russia Chinese state propaganda. The analyzed articles contain political cartoons and thus can be defined as multimodal texts. Together, they mold a narrative, or 'story' addressed to international readers and intended to shape their worldview beneficial for Russia. Out study of this narrative aims to reconstruct the mental image it portrays and to expose the ways in which the verbal and visual modes interact to implant this image into the readers' minds. To fulfil this task, we propose a cognitive linguistic methodology which, applied algorithmically, enables building cognitive ontologies that structure information rendered verbally and visually. The constituents of each ontology have factual and emotive salience, dependent of the number of descriptions provided by empirical texts. We demonstrate how an overlap of the ontologies boosts salience of the key emotively connoted message targeted at the audience. In the study, the interplay between verbal and visual modes in individual texts is characterized in terms of accentuation, elaboration, extension, questioning, and combining considered as universal ways of 'stretching' information, which are trackable far beyond the metaphoric domain where they were previously identified by Lakoff and Turner (1989).
Мовознавчий вісник. , 2022
У роботі, виконаній на перетині когнітивної, політичної та медійної лінгвістики, досліджується ме... more У роботі, виконаній на перетині когнітивної, політичної та медійної лінгвістики, досліджується медійний наративний образ антирасистського руху “Black Lives Matter / Чорні життя важливі” (далі – BLM), потужні протести якого прокотилися Америкою і світом у 2020 році. Ці протести отримали широке висвітлення у традиційних ЗМІ, де вони набули інтерпретації, особливості якої зумовлені соціально-політичною установкою наратора. У роботі ним є американська і британська преса, зміст наративів якої став об’єктом дослідження. Його метою є відтворення варіантів концептуальної онтології образу BLM-2020 і їхнє порівняння. За результатами аналізу, американська і британська версії наративного медійного образу BLM-2020 є консонантними. Робота є частиною ширшого проєкту, в межах якого студіюються версії наративного політичного образу, варійовані між консонантним і дисонантним утіленнями.
Ключові слова: протест, медійний наратив, наративний концепт, варіанти, концептуальна онтологія, Black Lives Matter 2020, американські і британські медіа.
This study, done at the intersection of cognitive, political, and media linguistic vistas, considers a narrative image of “Black Lives Matter” (BLM) anti-racist movement whose powerful protests swept through America and the world in 2020. These protests were widely discussed in traditional media, where they obtained interpretations specified according to the narrator’s socio-political bias. In our study, the two narrators are American and British mainstream media, with the discussion focus being the content of their articles that describe the BLM-2020 protests. It was hypothesized that that their portrayal in American and British media yields two versions of one and the same political image. The latter varies along some established parameters, and the divergencies in variations help to define the image versions as consonant or dissonant. Such definition has practical implications for political analysis and practices. To provide the comparison of media images, this study proposes a new methodology grounded on the findings of cognitive linguistics.
Key words: protest, media narrative, narrative image, image versions, conceptual ontology, Black Lives Matter 2020, American and British media.
New Zealand Slavonic Journal. 2019-2020, vol. 53-54, p. 147-172
This article contributes to the burgeoning field of the study of emotions in politics. Admitting ... more This article contributes to the burgeoning field of the study of emotions in politics. Admitting the difficulty to assess emotions directly, we track emotions through verbal and visual representations available in political narratives, and media narratives in particular. In our focus are visual images (cartoons and photographs) contributing to the Russian media narratives on Ukraine. Our research case deals with the coverage of EU-Ukraine agreement on Ukraine’s visa-free entry to the Schengen zone by the Russian popular e-news portals in 2017 (sample of 108 visual images). We question potential influence of emotive messaging on long-lasting perceptions of Ukraine in Russia in the context of the ongoing conflict and employ the image continuum of ‘difference’ – ‘otherness’ – ‘enmity’ to understand the particular link between emotions and othering. We find visual imagery demarcates the boundaries between the Russian Self and Ukrainian Otherness, and risks long-lasting effects on perceptions and understandings, which will continue to feed into diagnosis of the ongoing conflict, and to influence the behaviour and relations around it.
Key words: Ukraine, Russia, the European Union (EU), visa-free entry to the Schengen zone, visual images, emotions
Elżbieta Chrzanowska-Kluczewska and Olga Vorobyova (eds). Language – Literature – the Arts: A Cognitive-Semiotic Interface. Series:Text – Meaning – Context: Cracow Studies in English Language, Literature and Culture. Vol. 14. Franfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 221-243., 2017
The times of social crises, pregnant with negative emotions, give birth to cascades of new verbal... more The times of social crises, pregnant with negative emotions, give birth to cascades of new verbal and visual symbols used by the confronting parties in the war on consciousness. While discussing the latter, this paper examines the new words, or neologisms, coined by Maidan and Antimaidan understood here as the adversaries in the fight for Ukraine's sovereignty and democracy grounded on European values. The meanings of these neologisms tend to be illustrated with visual memes. The data were obtained from the Internet resources in December 2013-December 2014. In the paper, the new words are considered with regard to their meanings and forms. The meanings, stratified into the conceptual domains with different degrees of salience, represent the 'portrait' of an enemy, or show WHO the enemy is. The word forms, which demonstrate HOW the enemy is referred to, are viewed from two standpoints-as internal and external forms. The internal form (a motivating concept that provides an access to the meaning) is analyzed as an instrument for creating negative evaluation of the adversary and highlighting the adversary's property that may be either real or virtual. The external (material) form of neologisms is regarded as a vehicle of expressivity.
European Security, 2019
This article analyses two confronting narratives authored by
Ukrainian and Russian bloggers who r... more This article analyses two confronting narratives authored by
Ukrainian and Russian bloggers who reported the Dutch
referendum held on 6 March 2016, and discussed Dutch citizens’
referendum vote on the Ukraine–EU Association Agreement. The
considered narratives, addressed to the Ukrainian and Russian
audiences respectively, are viewed as strategic because they
specifically portray political actors of the referendum “drama” –
the Netherlands, the European Union (EU), Ukraine and Russia.
These actors are significant participants of European international
relations, and their perceptions of one another are important for
European security at the present time of critical diplomacy. In this
paper, information about the DUTCH REFERENDUM obtained from
the new media texts is regarded as a narrative-based political
concept (NBPC). It is argued that this concept has different
versions, or images that reflect the narrators’ biased perceptions
imposed upon the public. Identification and comparison of such
images require a particular methodology. Therefore, the objective
of this paper is two-fold: to expose the two confronting versions
of a strategically relevant political image, and to develop an
authentic, interdisciplinary methodology for its analysis. The
proposed methodology is informed by the ontology theory
employed in cognitive science and cognitive linguistics.
KEYWORDS: Image; narrative-based political concept (NBPC); cognitive ontology; strategic narrative; Dutch referendum on Ukraine–EU Association
Agreement; Ukrainian and Russian Internet blogs
Мовна особистість: лінгвістика і лінгводидактика / МОН України, Київський націон. лінгвістичний ун-т, Черкаський націон. ун-т ім. Б. Хмельницького. Киів-Черкаси: вид-во ФОП Гордієнко Є.І, 2020
Когнитивный аспект речевой деятельности предполагает подсознательное, автоматизированное использо... more Когнитивный аспект речевой деятельности предполагает подсознательное, автоматизированное использование говорящим определенных лингвокогнитивных техник управления конструкциями языка. В грамматике конструкций, одном из направлений когнитивной лингвистики, конструкции определяются как канонические обобщённые языковые формы, наделенные собственным обобщённым значением. Применяемые к конструкциям лингвокогнитивные техники становятся особенно заметными, если в результате имеет место отклонение от формальной и / или семантической нормы, что, в частности, представлено в спонтанных высказываниях известного российского политика В. С. Черномырдина, характеризующих его как языковую личность. В докладе предложена система стандартных лингвокогнитивных техник, стихийное применение которых к синтаксическим и фразеологическим конструкциям русского языка придает неординарность и креативность речетворчеству В. С. Черномырдина.
Ключевые слова: конструкции, преобразования, лингвокогнитивные техники, стихийное использование, В. С. Черномырдин, языковая личность
Cognition, Communication, Discourse, 2020
S. Zhabotynska, Ye. Plakhotniuk. The Active Learner's Construction-Combinatory Thesaurus: user-dr... more S. Zhabotynska, Ye. Plakhotniuk. The Active Learner's Construction-Combinatory Thesaurus: user-driven principles of compiling (a cognitive linguistic approach). This article discusses the design of a new type of dictionaries, the Active Learner's Construction-Combinatory Thesaurus (ALCCT) intended for adult learners of the second (foreign) language. The ALCCT is an ideographic dictionary where phrases, understood as instantiations of constructions, are arranged in accordance with the cognitive ontology of a particular conceptual thematic field. As such, the ALCCT is a project compatible with cognitive lexicography, a contemporary branch of dictionary-making that adopts the findings of cognitive science, cognitive linguistics in particular. The article proposes a cognitive profile of the dictionary's target user, and makes it a departure point in elaborating the principles of compiling the ALCCT. They are defined as the principles of data selection, arrangement, and application. Data selection regards their thematic and formal coherence, their authenticity, and their prominence, or frequency. Data arrangement implies their relational coherence, and their elaboration. Relational coherence is realized through the lexicographic code, or the dictionary's overall design that develops at three hierarchical levels: those of macrostructure (a conceptual ontology of the theme), mediostructure (the key words evolving into phrasal sets), and microstructure (description of phrasal lemmas). Elaboration of the data is provided via the overarching structure mapped onto the three hierarchical structures of the lexicographic code, and concerned with etymological, cultural, grammatical, and phraseological (metaphorical) extensions. Data application reaches out to the communicative situations in which the ALCCT's resources can be used.
С. Жаботинська, Є. Плахотнюк. Активний навчальний конструкційно-комбінаторний тезаурус: принципи укладання з урахуванням користувача (лінгвокогнітивний підхід). У статті запропоновано проєкт нового типу словника-активного навчального конструкційно-комбінаторного тезауруса (АНККТ), призначеного для дорослих користувачів, які вивчають іноземну мову. АНККТ є ідеографічним словником, в якому словосполучення, потрактовані як утілення конструкцій, упорядковано на підставі когнітивної онтології конкретної тематично визначеної поняттєвої царини. Тим самим АНККТ є проєктом, узгоджуваним із когнітивною лексикографією-сучасною галуззю словникарства, яка послуговується доробком когнітивної науки, зокрема, когнітивної лінгвістики. У статті потенційний користувач словника представлений у когнітивному профілі, який вмотивовує принципи укладання АНККТ. Вони визначаються як принципи відбору, упорядкування та застосування даних. Відбір даних ураховує їхню тематичну і формальну когерентність, автентичність та промінантність, або частотність. Упорядкування даних передбачає їхню реляційну когерентність і їхнє поглиблення. Реляційна когерентність утілюється в лексикографічному коді-цілісному ієрархічному дизайні словника, представленому макроструктурою (концептуальною онтологією © Zhabotynska S., Plakhotniuk Ye., 2020 94 теми), медіоструктурою (ключовими словами у складі фразових сетів) і мікроструктурою (описом фразової леми). Поглиблення даних залучає надструктуру, яка проєктується на три ієрархічні структури лексикографічного коду і забезпечує етимологічне, культурологічне, граматичне та фразеологічне (метафоричне) поширення словникового матеріалу. Принцип застосування даних пов'язаний із виходом у комунікативні ситуації, які потребують мовного забезпечення, наданого в АНККТ. Ключові слова: когнітивна лексикографія, активний навчальний конструкційно-комбінаторний тезаурус (АНККТ), принципи укладання, відбір даних, упорядкування даних, застосування даних.
С. Жаботинская, Е. Плахотнюк. Активный учебный конструкционно-комбинаторный тезаурус: принципы составления с учетом пользователя (лингвокогнитивный подход). В статье предлагается проект нового типа словаря-активного учебного конструкционно-комбинаторного тезауруса (АУККТ), предназначенного для взрослых пользователей, изучающих иностранный язык. АУККТ является идеографическим словарем, в котором словосочетания, трактуемые как воплощения конструкций, упорядочены на основе когнитивной онтологии конкретной тематически определенной понятийной области. Тем самым проект АУККТ согласуется с когнитивной лексикографией-современной отраслью составления словарей, использующей наработки когнитивной науки, в частности, когнитивной лингвистики. В статье потенциальный пользователь словаря представлен в когнитивном профиле, мотивирующем принципы составления АУККТ. Они определяются как принципы отбора, упорядочивания и использования данных. Отбор данных учитывает их тематическую и формальную когерентность, аутентичность и проминантность, или частотность. Упорядочивание данных предусматривает их реляционную когерентность и их углубление. Реляционная когерентность реализуется в лексикографическом коде-целостном иерархическом дизайне словаря, представленном макроструктурой (концептуальной онтологией темы), медиоструктурой (ключевыми словами в составе фразовых сетов) и микроструктурой (описанием фразовой леммы). Углубление данных осуществляется посредством надструктуры, которая проецируется на три иерархические структуры лексикографического кода и обеспечивает этимологическое, культурологическое, грамматическое и фразеологическое (метафорическое) расширение словарного материала. Принцип использования данных предполагает выход в коммуникативные ситуации, которые требуют языкового обеспечения, представленного в АУККТ. Ключевые слова: когнитивная лексикография, активный учебный конструкционно-комбинаторный тезаурус (АУККТ), принципы составления, отбор данных, упорядочивание данных, использование данных.
Cognition, communication, discourse, 2020
В статье, выполненной в русле лингвоконцептологии и когнитивной теории номинации, решаются актуал... more В статье, выполненной в русле лингвоконцептологии и когнитивной теории номинации, решаются актуальные для этих направлений проблемы значения и способов его обозначения. Общее понятийное пространство, конституируемое значениями вербальных и вербально-пикторальных мемов о COVID-19 (украино-и русскоязычный материал) рассматривается как нарративный концепт и структурируется по определенной методике, позволяющей воссоздать его онтологию, с присущей ей тематическими сегментами, имеющими различную степень акцетированности. Интернет-мемы на тему коронавируса анализируются в плане их содержания (интегрируемого в тематические сегменты нарративного концепта) и в плане их формы. В качестве когнитивных техник создания содержания мемов рассматриваются наращивание, развертывание, сталкивание и связывание. Семиотическими техниками создания мема как знака являются прямые и переносные номинации. Последние используют внутреннюю форму знака, его внешнюю форму или внутреннюю и внешнюю формы в их взаимодействии. Тема создания мема как знака дополняется рассмотрением смеховых техник гиперболизации, парадоксализации и абсурдизации, интегрируемых в содержание мема. В фокусе исследования находится нарративный концепт КОРОНАВИРУС как целевая сущность, имеющая свою интерпретацию и специфические способы означивания. Отдельной темой является концепт КОРОНАВИРУС как коррелят, используемый для характеризации ряда прочих понятий. Ключевые слова: интернет-мемы, коронавирус, нарративный концепт, онтология концепта, когнитивные и семиотические техники создания мема, смеховой эффект.
S.A. Zhabotynska. The narrative multimedia concept: an algorithm for the analysis (internet-memes about COVID-19). This research, done from the standpoint of linguistic concept-study and cognitive theory of naming, discusses the problems of meaning and its manifestation relevant for these two fields. The general conceptual space, constituted by the meanings of verbal and verbal-pictorial memes about COVID-19 (the data in Ukrainian and Russian) is considered as a narrative-based concept and structured via application of a particular methodology, which helps to build an ontology of this concept with its inherent thematic segments that have different degrees of accentuation. Internet-memes about COVID-19 are analyzed with regard to their content (integrated into the thematic segments of the narrative-based concept), and with regard to their form. It is maintained that the cognitive techniques for creating the memes' meanings include elaboration, extension, questioning and combining. The semiotic techniques that crate the meme as a sign split into direct and indirect. The latter employ the inner form of a sign, its outer form, and the combination of both. The topic of creating the meme as a sign is extended with the discussion of hyperbole, paradox and absurdity as "laughter-evoking" techniques integrated into the meme's content. In focus, is the KORONAVIRUS narrative-based concept as the target entity with its particular interpretation and its specific ways of manifestation. A satellite topic is the KORONAVIRUS concept as a source utilized in characteristics of other entities.
Key words: internet-memes, coronavirus, narrative concept, ontology of the concept, cognitive and semiotic techniques for creating memes, laughter-evoking effect
Когнитивные исследования языка. Репрезентация специальных знаний в языке, 2019
В статье показано применение положений лингвокогнтивной концепции, именуемой Семантика лингвальн... more В статье показано применение положений лингвокогнтивной концепции, именуемой Семантика лингвальных сетей, в разработке методической системы Лингвакон, использующей концептуальные схемы в преподавании английского языка. Фокусом обсуждения является работа с комбинаторным
словарем-тезаурусом, составленным на основе концептуальной онтологии.
Ключевые слова: прикладная когнитивная лингвистика, Семантика лингвальных сетей, методика преподавания английского языка, система Лингвакон, комбинаторный словарь-тезаурус, концептуальная онтология.
Studia Philologica. Філологічні студії, 2019
У статті показано застосування положень лінгвокогнітивної концепції, названої "семантика лінгваль... more У статті показано застосування положень лінгвокогнітивної концепції, названої "семантика лінгвальних мереж" (СЛМ) , у розробленні методичної системи Лінгвакон, де у навчанні англійської мови вживаються концептуальні схеми і концептуальні онтології. У роботі надається короткий опис положень СЛМ у їхній проєкції на систему Лінгвакон і розглядається процедура укладання комбінаторного словника-тезаурусу як центрального елемента цієї системи. У якості ілюстрації пропонується комбінаторний словник-тезаурус за темою SCHOOL. Його вживання в навчальному процесі демонструється із залученням вправ, спрямованих на засвоєння граматики та розвиток мовленнєвих навичок за темою.
Ключові слова: прикладна когнітивна лінгвістика, семантика лінгвальних мереж, методика викладання англійської мови, система Лінгвакон, комбінаторний словник-тезаурус, концептуальна онтологія.
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Books by Svitlana Zhabotynska
languages—Ukrainian and Russian—the dominant one is Russian, which, being dissonant with the political dominance of Ukrainian, causes psychological tension in society. To alleviate such tension, which tends to be grounded in public ignorance on the nature of bilingualism, this paper proposes a systemic analysis of neurocognitive and social prerequisites that determine dominance of a particular language for an individual, and it proposes ways to increase Ukrainian as the subdominant language for various age groups.
Кeywords: bilingualism, dominance, neurocognitive factors, the Russian language, the
Ukrainian language.
Ключевые слова: предлог with, прямые значения, переносные значения, концептуальная сеть полисемии, образ-схемы, семантика лингвальных сетей
"WITH": COMPUTABILITY OF MULTIPLE MEANINGS
(a cognitive linguistic interpretation)
This paper aims to systemically arrange the multiple meanings of the English preposition with via building a conceptual network that demonstrates interrelations of direct and indirect prepositional meanings. Systemic grouping of the direct meanings grounds on the Theory of Image-Schemas. Stratification of indirect meanings adopts the findings of the Semantics of Lingual Networks (SLN). The conceptual network of polysemy built for the preposition with is defined as a mental representation employed for processing information about the world and generating new concepts with the help of familiar linguistic forms.
Key words: preposition with, direct meanings, indirect meanings, conceptual network of polysemy, image-schemas, semantics of lingual networks.
The analyzed neologisms are considered as weapons employed in the battle of worldviews, or in the information (consciental) war. Explanation of the origin of such verbal weapons is provided with the reference to Robert Entman’s (2003) ‘cascade activation’ framing theory– an analytical model developed for the analysis of media. The model “explains how interpretive frames activate and spread from the top level of a stratified system <…> to the network of non-administration elites, and on to news organizations, their texts, and the public – and how interpretations feed back from lower to higher levels” (ibid: 415). Entman notes that, when facing huge volumes of information, people tend to react to those frames which possess “the capacity to stimulate support of or opposition to the sides in a political conflict” (ibid: 417). Entman discusses frames as narrative, textual representations of information about some political events. In this paper, the idea of cascading frames helps to account for the ideological sources of neologisms. The Maidan’s neologisms demonstrate the ‘bottomup’ movement of a worldview which starts from interpretation of the reality by the public. This interpretation typically proceeds from a real fact / experience which is assessed and manifested with the respective word. Therefore, the direction is FACT / EXPERIENCE > ASSESSMENT > WORD. The Antimaidan’s neologisms represent the ‘topdown’ movement of the worldview. In this case, the relation between a word and the fact which it names has a reversed direction: WORD > ASSESSMENT > FACT. A word with evaluative judgment refers to the fact which, due to this word, is reinterpreted or perverted, or a word per se creates a ‘fact’ that, being imaginary, is claimed to be ‘real’. The authorities employ such reinterpreted and created ‘facts’ to shape the desired societal worldview capable of fighting another worldview which they consider inappropriate and dangerous.
The research of ‘messages’ conveyed by M’s and AM’s neologisms is done in three stages. At the first stage, their meanings are arranged thematically within two matrix conceptual modes representing the topics relevant for M and AM. The count of terms which name the domains of these models exposes prominence of particular topics. The second stage focuses on the inner form of neologisms, or their motivators. The latter are analyzed with regard to their factual constituents, and their negative evaluative constituents. The factual constituents construe ideological ‘maps’ rooted in the real and virtual worlds. The evaluative constituents demonstrate negative judgment of various degrees identified as (1) implicit, (2) converted, (3) explicit, (4) aggressive, and (5) archetypal pejorization. At the third stage, neologisms are analyzed as to expressivity of their outer (material) form. All three stages of the analysis provide comparison of M and AM terms as ideological weapons.
Finally, the paper considers the impact of neologisms upon the mind. This impact is analyzed within the framework of the theory of memes (Balkin 1998, Dawkins 1989). AM’s neologisms are interpreted as those which disseminate ‘mind-viruses’ (Levy 2013) the dispelling of which requires people’s getting conscious of how their consciousness is manipulated with.
Papers by Svitlana Zhabotynska
Keywords: Ukraine, Europe, Russia, Russia-Ukraine war, Ukraine’s self-narrative, strategic narrative, Braudel’s historical periods.
Key words: Russia-Ukraine war, political narrative, conceptual metaphors, Chinese media, verbal manipulation, emotional bias, propaganda.
Contributing to the 'narrative turn' in International Relations and offering an answer to the question 'What makes a strategic narrative efficient?', this article adds to the methodological theorization of the formation and projection phases of the narrative's life cycle . We suggest that the impact of the constructed image in the narrative can be reinforced by the interplay of at least three projection properties : (I) content accentuation and priming, through iterations; (2) content contextualization, through historical and cultural resonance with the consumers' memories; and (3) content verbalization, through narrative tactics that evoke a range of the consumers' involved attitudes to the framed image . These properties, being intrinsic ingredients of
the projected content, tend to enhance emotions. In our work, they get traction in the antagonistic narrative tailored by the Russian propaganda to depict Ukraine orientated towards the European Union (EU). The empirical case study analyses articles published on the Russian e-news platforms portraying the EU granting Ukrainians visa-free travel to the Schengen area in 2017, a milestone in Ukraine-EU relations. We define Russia's narrative, created in reaction to this event, as antagonistic and consider it to be a precursor of the aggressive narrative crafted/employed by Russia to justify its 2022 military assault on Ukraine's sovereignty.
Keywords: antagonistic narrative, formation and projection phase, research methodology, Russian mainstream media, strategic narrative, Ukraine-EU relations, visa-free travel
Ключові слова: протест, медійний наратив, наративний концепт, варіанти, концептуальна онтологія, Black Lives Matter 2020, американські і британські медіа.
This study, done at the intersection of cognitive, political, and media linguistic vistas, considers a narrative image of “Black Lives Matter” (BLM) anti-racist movement whose powerful protests swept through America and the world in 2020. These protests were widely discussed in traditional media, where they obtained interpretations specified according to the narrator’s socio-political bias. In our study, the two narrators are American and British mainstream media, with the discussion focus being the content of their articles that describe the BLM-2020 protests. It was hypothesized that that their portrayal in American and British media yields two versions of one and the same political image. The latter varies along some established parameters, and the divergencies in variations help to define the image versions as consonant or dissonant. Such definition has practical implications for political analysis and practices. To provide the comparison of media images, this study proposes a new methodology grounded on the findings of cognitive linguistics.
Key words: protest, media narrative, narrative image, image versions, conceptual ontology, Black Lives Matter 2020, American and British media.
Key words: Ukraine, Russia, the European Union (EU), visa-free entry to the Schengen zone, visual images, emotions
Ukrainian and Russian bloggers who reported the Dutch
referendum held on 6 March 2016, and discussed Dutch citizens’
referendum vote on the Ukraine–EU Association Agreement. The
considered narratives, addressed to the Ukrainian and Russian
audiences respectively, are viewed as strategic because they
specifically portray political actors of the referendum “drama” –
the Netherlands, the European Union (EU), Ukraine and Russia.
These actors are significant participants of European international
relations, and their perceptions of one another are important for
European security at the present time of critical diplomacy. In this
paper, information about the DUTCH REFERENDUM obtained from
the new media texts is regarded as a narrative-based political
concept (NBPC). It is argued that this concept has different
versions, or images that reflect the narrators’ biased perceptions
imposed upon the public. Identification and comparison of such
images require a particular methodology. Therefore, the objective
of this paper is two-fold: to expose the two confronting versions
of a strategically relevant political image, and to develop an
authentic, interdisciplinary methodology for its analysis. The
proposed methodology is informed by the ontology theory
employed in cognitive science and cognitive linguistics.
KEYWORDS: Image; narrative-based political concept (NBPC); cognitive ontology; strategic narrative; Dutch referendum on Ukraine–EU Association
Agreement; Ukrainian and Russian Internet blogs
Ключевые слова: конструкции, преобразования, лингвокогнитивные техники, стихийное использование, В. С. Черномырдин, языковая личность
С. Жаботинська, Є. Плахотнюк. Активний навчальний конструкційно-комбінаторний тезаурус: принципи укладання з урахуванням користувача (лінгвокогнітивний підхід). У статті запропоновано проєкт нового типу словника-активного навчального конструкційно-комбінаторного тезауруса (АНККТ), призначеного для дорослих користувачів, які вивчають іноземну мову. АНККТ є ідеографічним словником, в якому словосполучення, потрактовані як утілення конструкцій, упорядковано на підставі когнітивної онтології конкретної тематично визначеної поняттєвої царини. Тим самим АНККТ є проєктом, узгоджуваним із когнітивною лексикографією-сучасною галуззю словникарства, яка послуговується доробком когнітивної науки, зокрема, когнітивної лінгвістики. У статті потенційний користувач словника представлений у когнітивному профілі, який вмотивовує принципи укладання АНККТ. Вони визначаються як принципи відбору, упорядкування та застосування даних. Відбір даних ураховує їхню тематичну і формальну когерентність, автентичність та промінантність, або частотність. Упорядкування даних передбачає їхню реляційну когерентність і їхнє поглиблення. Реляційна когерентність утілюється в лексикографічному коді-цілісному ієрархічному дизайні словника, представленому макроструктурою (концептуальною онтологією © Zhabotynska S., Plakhotniuk Ye., 2020 94 теми), медіоструктурою (ключовими словами у складі фразових сетів) і мікроструктурою (описом фразової леми). Поглиблення даних залучає надструктуру, яка проєктується на три ієрархічні структури лексикографічного коду і забезпечує етимологічне, культурологічне, граматичне та фразеологічне (метафоричне) поширення словникового матеріалу. Принцип застосування даних пов'язаний із виходом у комунікативні ситуації, які потребують мовного забезпечення, наданого в АНККТ. Ключові слова: когнітивна лексикографія, активний навчальний конструкційно-комбінаторний тезаурус (АНККТ), принципи укладання, відбір даних, упорядкування даних, застосування даних.
С. Жаботинская, Е. Плахотнюк. Активный учебный конструкционно-комбинаторный тезаурус: принципы составления с учетом пользователя (лингвокогнитивный подход). В статье предлагается проект нового типа словаря-активного учебного конструкционно-комбинаторного тезауруса (АУККТ), предназначенного для взрослых пользователей, изучающих иностранный язык. АУККТ является идеографическим словарем, в котором словосочетания, трактуемые как воплощения конструкций, упорядочены на основе когнитивной онтологии конкретной тематически определенной понятийной области. Тем самым проект АУККТ согласуется с когнитивной лексикографией-современной отраслью составления словарей, использующей наработки когнитивной науки, в частности, когнитивной лингвистики. В статье потенциальный пользователь словаря представлен в когнитивном профиле, мотивирующем принципы составления АУККТ. Они определяются как принципы отбора, упорядочивания и использования данных. Отбор данных учитывает их тематическую и формальную когерентность, аутентичность и проминантность, или частотность. Упорядочивание данных предусматривает их реляционную когерентность и их углубление. Реляционная когерентность реализуется в лексикографическом коде-целостном иерархическом дизайне словаря, представленном макроструктурой (концептуальной онтологией темы), медиоструктурой (ключевыми словами в составе фразовых сетов) и микроструктурой (описанием фразовой леммы). Углубление данных осуществляется посредством надструктуры, которая проецируется на три иерархические структуры лексикографического кода и обеспечивает этимологическое, культурологическое, грамматическое и фразеологическое (метафорическое) расширение словарного материала. Принцип использования данных предполагает выход в коммуникативные ситуации, которые требуют языкового обеспечения, представленного в АУККТ. Ключевые слова: когнитивная лексикография, активный учебный конструкционно-комбинаторный тезаурус (АУККТ), принципы составления, отбор данных, упорядочивание данных, использование данных.
S.A. Zhabotynska. The narrative multimedia concept: an algorithm for the analysis (internet-memes about COVID-19). This research, done from the standpoint of linguistic concept-study and cognitive theory of naming, discusses the problems of meaning and its manifestation relevant for these two fields. The general conceptual space, constituted by the meanings of verbal and verbal-pictorial memes about COVID-19 (the data in Ukrainian and Russian) is considered as a narrative-based concept and structured via application of a particular methodology, which helps to build an ontology of this concept with its inherent thematic segments that have different degrees of accentuation. Internet-memes about COVID-19 are analyzed with regard to their content (integrated into the thematic segments of the narrative-based concept), and with regard to their form. It is maintained that the cognitive techniques for creating the memes' meanings include elaboration, extension, questioning and combining. The semiotic techniques that crate the meme as a sign split into direct and indirect. The latter employ the inner form of a sign, its outer form, and the combination of both. The topic of creating the meme as a sign is extended with the discussion of hyperbole, paradox and absurdity as "laughter-evoking" techniques integrated into the meme's content. In focus, is the KORONAVIRUS narrative-based concept as the target entity with its particular interpretation and its specific ways of manifestation. A satellite topic is the KORONAVIRUS concept as a source utilized in characteristics of other entities.
Key words: internet-memes, coronavirus, narrative concept, ontology of the concept, cognitive and semiotic techniques for creating memes, laughter-evoking effect
словарем-тезаурусом, составленным на основе концептуальной онтологии.
Ключевые слова: прикладная когнитивная лингвистика, Семантика лингвальных сетей, методика преподавания английского языка, система Лингвакон, комбинаторный словарь-тезаурус, концептуальная онтология.
Ключові слова: прикладна когнітивна лінгвістика, семантика лінгвальних мереж, методика викладання англійської мови, система Лінгвакон, комбінаторний словник-тезаурус, концептуальна онтологія.
languages—Ukrainian and Russian—the dominant one is Russian, which, being dissonant with the political dominance of Ukrainian, causes psychological tension in society. To alleviate such tension, which tends to be grounded in public ignorance on the nature of bilingualism, this paper proposes a systemic analysis of neurocognitive and social prerequisites that determine dominance of a particular language for an individual, and it proposes ways to increase Ukrainian as the subdominant language for various age groups.
Кeywords: bilingualism, dominance, neurocognitive factors, the Russian language, the
Ukrainian language.
Ключевые слова: предлог with, прямые значения, переносные значения, концептуальная сеть полисемии, образ-схемы, семантика лингвальных сетей
"WITH": COMPUTABILITY OF MULTIPLE MEANINGS
(a cognitive linguistic interpretation)
This paper aims to systemically arrange the multiple meanings of the English preposition with via building a conceptual network that demonstrates interrelations of direct and indirect prepositional meanings. Systemic grouping of the direct meanings grounds on the Theory of Image-Schemas. Stratification of indirect meanings adopts the findings of the Semantics of Lingual Networks (SLN). The conceptual network of polysemy built for the preposition with is defined as a mental representation employed for processing information about the world and generating new concepts with the help of familiar linguistic forms.
Key words: preposition with, direct meanings, indirect meanings, conceptual network of polysemy, image-schemas, semantics of lingual networks.
The analyzed neologisms are considered as weapons employed in the battle of worldviews, or in the information (consciental) war. Explanation of the origin of such verbal weapons is provided with the reference to Robert Entman’s (2003) ‘cascade activation’ framing theory– an analytical model developed for the analysis of media. The model “explains how interpretive frames activate and spread from the top level of a stratified system <…> to the network of non-administration elites, and on to news organizations, their texts, and the public – and how interpretations feed back from lower to higher levels” (ibid: 415). Entman notes that, when facing huge volumes of information, people tend to react to those frames which possess “the capacity to stimulate support of or opposition to the sides in a political conflict” (ibid: 417). Entman discusses frames as narrative, textual representations of information about some political events. In this paper, the idea of cascading frames helps to account for the ideological sources of neologisms. The Maidan’s neologisms demonstrate the ‘bottomup’ movement of a worldview which starts from interpretation of the reality by the public. This interpretation typically proceeds from a real fact / experience which is assessed and manifested with the respective word. Therefore, the direction is FACT / EXPERIENCE > ASSESSMENT > WORD. The Antimaidan’s neologisms represent the ‘topdown’ movement of the worldview. In this case, the relation between a word and the fact which it names has a reversed direction: WORD > ASSESSMENT > FACT. A word with evaluative judgment refers to the fact which, due to this word, is reinterpreted or perverted, or a word per se creates a ‘fact’ that, being imaginary, is claimed to be ‘real’. The authorities employ such reinterpreted and created ‘facts’ to shape the desired societal worldview capable of fighting another worldview which they consider inappropriate and dangerous.
The research of ‘messages’ conveyed by M’s and AM’s neologisms is done in three stages. At the first stage, their meanings are arranged thematically within two matrix conceptual modes representing the topics relevant for M and AM. The count of terms which name the domains of these models exposes prominence of particular topics. The second stage focuses on the inner form of neologisms, or their motivators. The latter are analyzed with regard to their factual constituents, and their negative evaluative constituents. The factual constituents construe ideological ‘maps’ rooted in the real and virtual worlds. The evaluative constituents demonstrate negative judgment of various degrees identified as (1) implicit, (2) converted, (3) explicit, (4) aggressive, and (5) archetypal pejorization. At the third stage, neologisms are analyzed as to expressivity of their outer (material) form. All three stages of the analysis provide comparison of M and AM terms as ideological weapons.
Finally, the paper considers the impact of neologisms upon the mind. This impact is analyzed within the framework of the theory of memes (Balkin 1998, Dawkins 1989). AM’s neologisms are interpreted as those which disseminate ‘mind-viruses’ (Levy 2013) the dispelling of which requires people’s getting conscious of how their consciousness is manipulated with.
Keywords: Ukraine, Europe, Russia, Russia-Ukraine war, Ukraine’s self-narrative, strategic narrative, Braudel’s historical periods.
Key words: Russia-Ukraine war, political narrative, conceptual metaphors, Chinese media, verbal manipulation, emotional bias, propaganda.
Contributing to the 'narrative turn' in International Relations and offering an answer to the question 'What makes a strategic narrative efficient?', this article adds to the methodological theorization of the formation and projection phases of the narrative's life cycle . We suggest that the impact of the constructed image in the narrative can be reinforced by the interplay of at least three projection properties : (I) content accentuation and priming, through iterations; (2) content contextualization, through historical and cultural resonance with the consumers' memories; and (3) content verbalization, through narrative tactics that evoke a range of the consumers' involved attitudes to the framed image . These properties, being intrinsic ingredients of
the projected content, tend to enhance emotions. In our work, they get traction in the antagonistic narrative tailored by the Russian propaganda to depict Ukraine orientated towards the European Union (EU). The empirical case study analyses articles published on the Russian e-news platforms portraying the EU granting Ukrainians visa-free travel to the Schengen area in 2017, a milestone in Ukraine-EU relations. We define Russia's narrative, created in reaction to this event, as antagonistic and consider it to be a precursor of the aggressive narrative crafted/employed by Russia to justify its 2022 military assault on Ukraine's sovereignty.
Keywords: antagonistic narrative, formation and projection phase, research methodology, Russian mainstream media, strategic narrative, Ukraine-EU relations, visa-free travel
Ключові слова: протест, медійний наратив, наративний концепт, варіанти, концептуальна онтологія, Black Lives Matter 2020, американські і британські медіа.
This study, done at the intersection of cognitive, political, and media linguistic vistas, considers a narrative image of “Black Lives Matter” (BLM) anti-racist movement whose powerful protests swept through America and the world in 2020. These protests were widely discussed in traditional media, where they obtained interpretations specified according to the narrator’s socio-political bias. In our study, the two narrators are American and British mainstream media, with the discussion focus being the content of their articles that describe the BLM-2020 protests. It was hypothesized that that their portrayal in American and British media yields two versions of one and the same political image. The latter varies along some established parameters, and the divergencies in variations help to define the image versions as consonant or dissonant. Such definition has practical implications for political analysis and practices. To provide the comparison of media images, this study proposes a new methodology grounded on the findings of cognitive linguistics.
Key words: protest, media narrative, narrative image, image versions, conceptual ontology, Black Lives Matter 2020, American and British media.
Key words: Ukraine, Russia, the European Union (EU), visa-free entry to the Schengen zone, visual images, emotions
Ukrainian and Russian bloggers who reported the Dutch
referendum held on 6 March 2016, and discussed Dutch citizens’
referendum vote on the Ukraine–EU Association Agreement. The
considered narratives, addressed to the Ukrainian and Russian
audiences respectively, are viewed as strategic because they
specifically portray political actors of the referendum “drama” –
the Netherlands, the European Union (EU), Ukraine and Russia.
These actors are significant participants of European international
relations, and their perceptions of one another are important for
European security at the present time of critical diplomacy. In this
paper, information about the DUTCH REFERENDUM obtained from
the new media texts is regarded as a narrative-based political
concept (NBPC). It is argued that this concept has different
versions, or images that reflect the narrators’ biased perceptions
imposed upon the public. Identification and comparison of such
images require a particular methodology. Therefore, the objective
of this paper is two-fold: to expose the two confronting versions
of a strategically relevant political image, and to develop an
authentic, interdisciplinary methodology for its analysis. The
proposed methodology is informed by the ontology theory
employed in cognitive science and cognitive linguistics.
KEYWORDS: Image; narrative-based political concept (NBPC); cognitive ontology; strategic narrative; Dutch referendum on Ukraine–EU Association
Agreement; Ukrainian and Russian Internet blogs
Ключевые слова: конструкции, преобразования, лингвокогнитивные техники, стихийное использование, В. С. Черномырдин, языковая личность
С. Жаботинська, Є. Плахотнюк. Активний навчальний конструкційно-комбінаторний тезаурус: принципи укладання з урахуванням користувача (лінгвокогнітивний підхід). У статті запропоновано проєкт нового типу словника-активного навчального конструкційно-комбінаторного тезауруса (АНККТ), призначеного для дорослих користувачів, які вивчають іноземну мову. АНККТ є ідеографічним словником, в якому словосполучення, потрактовані як утілення конструкцій, упорядковано на підставі когнітивної онтології конкретної тематично визначеної поняттєвої царини. Тим самим АНККТ є проєктом, узгоджуваним із когнітивною лексикографією-сучасною галуззю словникарства, яка послуговується доробком когнітивної науки, зокрема, когнітивної лінгвістики. У статті потенційний користувач словника представлений у когнітивному профілі, який вмотивовує принципи укладання АНККТ. Вони визначаються як принципи відбору, упорядкування та застосування даних. Відбір даних ураховує їхню тематичну і формальну когерентність, автентичність та промінантність, або частотність. Упорядкування даних передбачає їхню реляційну когерентність і їхнє поглиблення. Реляційна когерентність утілюється в лексикографічному коді-цілісному ієрархічному дизайні словника, представленому макроструктурою (концептуальною онтологією © Zhabotynska S., Plakhotniuk Ye., 2020 94 теми), медіоструктурою (ключовими словами у складі фразових сетів) і мікроструктурою (описом фразової леми). Поглиблення даних залучає надструктуру, яка проєктується на три ієрархічні структури лексикографічного коду і забезпечує етимологічне, культурологічне, граматичне та фразеологічне (метафоричне) поширення словникового матеріалу. Принцип застосування даних пов'язаний із виходом у комунікативні ситуації, які потребують мовного забезпечення, наданого в АНККТ. Ключові слова: когнітивна лексикографія, активний навчальний конструкційно-комбінаторний тезаурус (АНККТ), принципи укладання, відбір даних, упорядкування даних, застосування даних.
С. Жаботинская, Е. Плахотнюк. Активный учебный конструкционно-комбинаторный тезаурус: принципы составления с учетом пользователя (лингвокогнитивный подход). В статье предлагается проект нового типа словаря-активного учебного конструкционно-комбинаторного тезауруса (АУККТ), предназначенного для взрослых пользователей, изучающих иностранный язык. АУККТ является идеографическим словарем, в котором словосочетания, трактуемые как воплощения конструкций, упорядочены на основе когнитивной онтологии конкретной тематически определенной понятийной области. Тем самым проект АУККТ согласуется с когнитивной лексикографией-современной отраслью составления словарей, использующей наработки когнитивной науки, в частности, когнитивной лингвистики. В статье потенциальный пользователь словаря представлен в когнитивном профиле, мотивирующем принципы составления АУККТ. Они определяются как принципы отбора, упорядочивания и использования данных. Отбор данных учитывает их тематическую и формальную когерентность, аутентичность и проминантность, или частотность. Упорядочивание данных предусматривает их реляционную когерентность и их углубление. Реляционная когерентность реализуется в лексикографическом коде-целостном иерархическом дизайне словаря, представленном макроструктурой (концептуальной онтологией темы), медиоструктурой (ключевыми словами в составе фразовых сетов) и микроструктурой (описанием фразовой леммы). Углубление данных осуществляется посредством надструктуры, которая проецируется на три иерархические структуры лексикографического кода и обеспечивает этимологическое, культурологическое, грамматическое и фразеологическое (метафорическое) расширение словарного материала. Принцип использования данных предполагает выход в коммуникативные ситуации, которые требуют языкового обеспечения, представленного в АУККТ. Ключевые слова: когнитивная лексикография, активный учебный конструкционно-комбинаторный тезаурус (АУККТ), принципы составления, отбор данных, упорядочивание данных, использование данных.
S.A. Zhabotynska. The narrative multimedia concept: an algorithm for the analysis (internet-memes about COVID-19). This research, done from the standpoint of linguistic concept-study and cognitive theory of naming, discusses the problems of meaning and its manifestation relevant for these two fields. The general conceptual space, constituted by the meanings of verbal and verbal-pictorial memes about COVID-19 (the data in Ukrainian and Russian) is considered as a narrative-based concept and structured via application of a particular methodology, which helps to build an ontology of this concept with its inherent thematic segments that have different degrees of accentuation. Internet-memes about COVID-19 are analyzed with regard to their content (integrated into the thematic segments of the narrative-based concept), and with regard to their form. It is maintained that the cognitive techniques for creating the memes' meanings include elaboration, extension, questioning and combining. The semiotic techniques that crate the meme as a sign split into direct and indirect. The latter employ the inner form of a sign, its outer form, and the combination of both. The topic of creating the meme as a sign is extended with the discussion of hyperbole, paradox and absurdity as "laughter-evoking" techniques integrated into the meme's content. In focus, is the KORONAVIRUS narrative-based concept as the target entity with its particular interpretation and its specific ways of manifestation. A satellite topic is the KORONAVIRUS concept as a source utilized in characteristics of other entities.
Key words: internet-memes, coronavirus, narrative concept, ontology of the concept, cognitive and semiotic techniques for creating memes, laughter-evoking effect
словарем-тезаурусом, составленным на основе концептуальной онтологии.
Ключевые слова: прикладная когнитивная лингвистика, Семантика лингвальных сетей, методика преподавания английского языка, система Лингвакон, комбинаторный словарь-тезаурус, концептуальная онтология.
Ключові слова: прикладна когнітивна лінгвістика, семантика лінгвальних мереж, методика викладання англійської мови, система Лінгвакон, комбінаторний словник-тезаурус, концептуальна онтологія.
Keywords: political images, the EU, Ukraine, Ukrainian newspapers, conceptual metaphor, multiple data, methodology.
This paper discusses major theoretical contradictions between generative linguistics and cognitive linguistics, so as to suggest the ways for their convergence on the grounds of “Semantics of lingual networks” — a cognitive linguistic conception which is being developed by the author. The comparison of generative theory and cognitive linguistics highlights such pivotal issues: semantics in the mental linguistic “module”, iconicity of linguistic forms, mechanism for generating linguistic forms, their recursion, and innateness of the mental linguistic “module”.
Key words: cognitive linguistics, complementarily principle, generative linguistics, generative mechanism, iconicity, innateness, recursion, Semantics of lingual networks.
Жаботинская С.А. Доминантность украинского языка в условиях билингвизма: нейрокогнитивные факторы. Статья посвящена проблеме украинского индивидного билингвизма, при котором из двух языков – украинского и русского – доминантным является последний, что входит в противоречие с политической доминантностью украинского языка как государственного и вызывает общественный психологический диссонанс. Для его снятия необходимо понимание природы билингвизма, представленной рядом взаимосвязанных нейрокогнитивных и социальных факторов, влияющих на доминантность одного из языков билингва. В статье предлагается системный анализ этих факторов и на их основе определяются пути усовершенствования субдоминантного украинского языка у билингвов разных возрастных групп. Ключевые слова: билингвизм, доминантность, нейрокогнитивные факторы, русский язык, украинский язык.
Zhabotynska, S.A. Dominance of Ukrainian in the bilingual setting: neurocognitive factors. This paper focuses on the problem of Ukrainians' individual bilingualism when out of the two languages – Ukrainian and Russian – the dominant one is Russian, which, being in dissonance with the political dominance of Ukrainian, causes psychological tension in the society. Its alleviation requires understanding the nature of bilingualism dependent on a number of interrelated neurocognitive and societal factors that determine dominance of the individual's particular language. The paper proposes a systemic analysis of such factors, and considers them as relevant for improving Ukrainian as the subdominant language for different age groups.
компаративного. При этом под нарративным политическим концептом понимается совокупная информация на конкретную политическую тему,
представленная множественными данными – дескрипциями, извлеченными из различных текстовых сообщений с гомогенным авторством. Предлагаемая в статье процедура cтруктурирования нарративных политических концептов опирается на положения семантики лингвальных сетей и учитывает особенности
как фактуального, так и оценочного планов концепта. В статье освещаются следующие темы: когнитивная лингвистика и концптология, политическая концептология и ее методологический инструментарий, версия такого
инструментария и ее приложение к конкретным данным.
Ключові слова: наративний концепт, концептуальна онтологія, структурування, типи онтологій.
Key words: lecture, linguistic paradigms, historical linguistics, structural linguistics, generative linguistics, cognitive linguistics, communicative linguistics.
Ця лекція є частиною англомовного курсу із загального мовознавства для магістрів, які навчаються в Черкаському національному університеті імені Богдана Хмельницького ( Україна) за спеціальністю "англійська філологія". Стисла інформація про кожну з основних лінгвістичних парадигм – порівняльно-історичну, структуралістську, генертивну, когнітивну та комунікативну – наздається за однією й тією самою схемою, суголосною з логікою наукового дослідження, яке включає проблему, гіпотезу, її верифікацію із залученням певних даних та певного методологічного апарату, а також отримані результати. Така схема дозволяє продемонструвати специфіку кожної лінгвістичної парадигми та полегшує засвоєння відповідної інформації. Остання набуває поширення у подальших лекціях "Мова і мозок / мислення", "Лінвопрагматика" і "Соціолінгвістика".
Ключові слова: лекція, лінгвістичні парадигми, порівняльно-історичне мовознавство, структуралізм, генеративізм, когнітивна лінгвістика, комунікативна лінгвістика.