In the current exercise, laboratory batch tests were conceded out to inspect adsorptive removal c... more In the current exercise, laboratory batch tests were conceded out to inspect adsorptive removal competency of Direct-red-28 dye from the contaminated water under ideal conditions using Subabool timber wood waste as a sorbent substance. The Direct-red-28 dye effluents are considered to be awfully venomous and distress the bionetwork by disquieting the nature and by decreasing photosynthetic actions due to the colorization of the water. Outcomes of diverse characteristics like Subabool timber wood waste dosage effect, solute-solvent pH effect, Direct-red-28 dye concentration effect, adsorption temperature effect and contact duration effect were examined aiming to acquire the finest uptake confiscation capability of the Subabool timber wood waste. 3 graphical isotherms were chosen to explore laboratory practical data. The technique of adsorption is investigated by taking into account 1 st and 2 nd order kinetics. From the current exercise, it is observed that the Subabool timber wood waste can be selected for the adsorptive removal of Direct-red-28 dye from contaminated water.
Here in current work, Taguchi's laboratory test method for optimizing processing parameters have ... more Here in current work, Taguchi's laboratory test method for optimizing processing parameters have been considered to discuss most favorable level of adsorption for the removal of DR28dye using Subabul timber waste. The outcome of personage processing parameters, viz. Subabul timber waste dose, DR28dye concentration, adsorption temperature and period of contact on the chosen responsive features have been studied. The mean values and Signal/Noise ratio of the responsive parameters for separate characteristic at 3 personage levels have been anticipated using L9 orthogone matrix. For the diagrammatic depiction of the variation in assessment of responsive parameters and that of Signal/Noise ratio with the distinction in processing parameters, the responsive graphs have been drawn. These responsive graphs have been considered for investigating processing parameter outcomes on the responsive parameters. The variance analysis for virgin record and Signal/Noise record has been carried out so as to make out the noteworthy parameters and to quantify their outcomes on the responsive parameters. The most encouraging optimum situation in requisites of mean responsive parameters of characters has been recognized by investigating responsive graphs and the analysis of matrices. The most favorable levels of parameters for DR28dye were found to be a1, b3, c3 and d3. The pre-estimated and validated confirm values of DR28dye absorbed on Subabul timber waste at optimum settings were found to be 1.53 mg/g and 1.55 mg/g respectively.
A continuous mode fixed-bed up-flow column adsorption analysis was conducted utilizing Acacia nil... more A continuous mode fixed-bed up-flow column adsorption analysis was conducted utilizing Acacia nilotica sawdust activated carbon (ASAC) as an adsorbent for the adsorption treatment of toxic Indigo Carmine Dye (ICD). The effect on the adsorption characteristics of ASAC of the influent ICD concentration, flow rate, and column bed depth has been investigated. According to the column study, the highest efficiency of ICD removal was approximately 79.01% at a preliminary concentration of 100 mg/L with a flow rate of 250 mL/h at a bed depth of 30 cm and adsorption power of 24.67 mg/g. The experimental work confirmed the dependency of break-through curves on dye concentration and flow rate for a given bed depth. Kinetic models were implemented by Thomas, Yoon–Nelson, and Bed-depth-service-time analysis along with error analysis to interpret experimental data for bed depth of 15 cm and 30 cm, ICD concentration of 100 mg/L and 200 mg/L and flow rate of 250 mL/h, and 500 mL/h. The analysis pred...
In the present work, hydraulic modelling is designed so as to prevent the damage or leakage of wa... more In the present work, hydraulic modelling is designed so as to prevent the damage or leakage of water distribution networks due to water hammer pressure by maintaining adequate pressure. In water supply systems, water is transported from one unit to another by means of pumping or by gravity or by combined pumping-gravity methods. For this purpose, various components like junctions, pipes, joints, pumps, valves, fittings and other appurtenances are used. To provide proper design discharge along with sufficient quantity, adequate pressures are maintained by designing effective hydraulic modelling. In order to prevent damage, rupture or bursting of pipelines due to water hammer pressure, pressure reducing valves (PRV) are considered. The sudden or gradual, opening or closure of valves are decided by considering the pressure that is to be maintained so as to allow the proper flow at outlet or consumer end. In the present case study for Akot, an attempt has been made on hydraulic modelling of water distribution networks. Designing and analysis are done by placing the pressure relief valves at different locations and flow are adjusted by pressure settings using trial and error methods.
In the current exercise, laboratory batch tests were conceded out to inspect adsorptive removal c... more In the current exercise, laboratory batch tests were conceded out to inspect adsorptive removal competency of Direct-red-28 dye from the contaminated water under ideal conditions using Subabool timber wood waste as a sorbent substance. The Direct-red-28 dye effluents are considered to be awfully venomous and distress the bionetwork by disquieting the nature and by decreasing photosynthetic actions due to the colorization of the water. Outcomes of diverse characteristics like Subabool timber wood waste dosage effect, solute-solvent pH effect, Direct-red-28 dye concentration effect, adsorption temperature effect and contact duration effect were examined aiming to acquire the finest uptake confiscation capability of the Subabool timber wood waste. 3 graphical isotherms were chosen to explore laboratory practical data. The technique of adsorption is investigated by taking into account 1 st and 2 nd order kinetics. From the current exercise, it is observed that the Subabool timber wood waste can be selected for the adsorptive removal of Direct-red-28 dye from contaminated water.
Here in current work, Taguchi's laboratory test method for optimizing processing parameters have ... more Here in current work, Taguchi's laboratory test method for optimizing processing parameters have been considered to discuss most favorable level of adsorption for the removal of DR28dye using Subabul timber waste. The outcome of personage processing parameters, viz. Subabul timber waste dose, DR28dye concentration, adsorption temperature and period of contact on the chosen responsive features have been studied. The mean values and Signal/Noise ratio of the responsive parameters for separate characteristic at 3 personage levels have been anticipated using L9 orthogone matrix. For the diagrammatic depiction of the variation in assessment of responsive parameters and that of Signal/Noise ratio with the distinction in processing parameters, the responsive graphs have been drawn. These responsive graphs have been considered for investigating processing parameter outcomes on the responsive parameters. The variance analysis for virgin record and Signal/Noise record has been carried out so as to make out the noteworthy parameters and to quantify their outcomes on the responsive parameters. The most encouraging optimum situation in requisites of mean responsive parameters of characters has been recognized by investigating responsive graphs and the analysis of matrices. The most favorable levels of parameters for DR28dye were found to be a1, b3, c3 and d3. The pre-estimated and validated confirm values of DR28dye absorbed on Subabul timber waste at optimum settings were found to be 1.53 mg/g and 1.55 mg/g respectively.
In the present study, Taguchi's experimental methodology has been applied to find optimum level (... more In the present study, Taguchi's experimental methodology has been applied to find optimum level (value) of adsorption parameters (factors) for the removal of indigo carmine dye (ICD) and methylene blue dye (MBD) using activated carbon derived from Acacia Nilotica sawdust (ACSA). The effect of significant adsorption parameters, viz. adsorbent dose (m), initial concentration (C 0 ), temperature (T) and contact time (t), on the adsorption capacity (q t ) of ACSA for each dye has been discussed. Average values and S/N ratio for each parameter at three different levels have been estimated using L 9 orthogonal array (OA). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) has been used to identify the significant parameters and the most favourable optimal conditions for both raw data and S/N data. The study revealed that, for ICD, initial dye concentration is found to be the most significant parameter with 55.8% contribution followed by ACSA dose, temperature and contact time with 35.7%, 5% and 3.4% contribution, respectively. For MBD, the ACSA dose (m) is found to be the most significant parameter with 46.4% contribution followed by initial dye concentration, temperature and contact time with 44%, 5.3% and 4.4% contribution, respectively. The contact time (t) is found to be the least significant parameter in the overall sorption process for both ICD and MBD. The optimized levels of parameters for both dyes are found to be A 1 , B 3 , C 3 and D 3 . The predicted and average confirmatory values of total dye adsorbed (q t ) on ACSA at optimized levels were found to be 31.02 and 31.01 mg/g, respectively, for ICD and 57.35 and 57.36 mg/g, respectively, for MBD. The percentage removal of ICD and MBD at optimized levels was found to be 77.5% and 95.4%, respectively.
Removal of crystal violet dye (CV) and methylene blue dye (MB) from aqueous solution using activa... more Removal of crystal violet dye (CV) and methylene blue dye (MB) from aqueous solution using activated carbon prepared from Acacia Nilotica sawdust (ACS) has been reported. The physico-chemical properties of ACS such as surface morphology, surface area, pore volume and composition are determined by proximate, BET, SEM and FTIR analyses. Batch experiments are performed to see the effect of different parameters like adsorbent dose, pH , contact time, initial dye concentration and temperature for CV and MB removal. The kinetic studies are carried out using pseudo first and second order kinetic models. To examine the nature of adsorption, to find and optimize the best-fit isotherm, Langmuir, Freundlich, Redlich-Peterson and Radke-Prausnitz isotherm equations along with ARE, MPSD and HYBRID error functions are used. The adsorption of CV and MB dyes onto ACS follows Redlich-Peterson isotherm and second order kinetic model. The maximum removal CV and MB is found to be 99.64% and 99.96% for t...
Mushroom waste substrates are highly resistant lignocellulosic wastes that are commercially produ... more Mushroom waste substrates are highly resistant lignocellulosic wastes that are commercially produced by industries after harvesting. These wastes produce large environmental challenges regarding disposal and, thus, require treatment facilities. In the present article, the effect of Eisenia-fetida-based vermicomposting and an effective microorganism solution on the mushroom waste substrate were investigated using four different composting mixtures: mushroom waste [MW] substrate composting with effective microorganisms [MW+EM], raw mushroom waste [RWM] substrate composting with effective microorganisms [RMW+EM], mushroom waste substrate composting with vermicomposting and effective microorganisms [MW+V+EM], and raw mushroom waste substrate composting with vermicomposting and effective microorganisms [RWM+V+EM]. This article discusses the structural and physiochemical changes at four samples for 45 days (almost six weeks) of composting. The physical and chemical parameters were monitor...
In the current exercise, laboratory batch tests were conceded out to inspect adsorptive removal c... more In the current exercise, laboratory batch tests were conceded out to inspect adsorptive removal competency of Direct-red-28 dye from the contaminated water under ideal conditions using Subabool timber wood waste as a sorbent substance. The Direct-red-28 dye effluents are considered to be awfully venomous and distress the bionetwork by disquieting the nature and by decreasing photosynthetic actions due to the colorization of the water. Outcomes of diverse characteristics like Subabool timber wood waste dosage effect, solute-solvent pH effect, Direct-red-28 dye concentration effect, adsorption temperature effect and contact duration effect were examined aiming to acquire the finest uptake confiscation capability of the Subabool timber wood waste. 3 graphical isotherms were chosen to explore laboratory practical data. The technique of adsorption is investigated by taking into account 1 st and 2 nd order kinetics. From the current exercise, it is observed that the Subabool timber wood waste can be selected for the adsorptive removal of Direct-red-28 dye from contaminated water.
Here in current work, Taguchi's laboratory test method for optimizing processing parameters have ... more Here in current work, Taguchi's laboratory test method for optimizing processing parameters have been considered to discuss most favorable level of adsorption for the removal of DR28dye using Subabul timber waste. The outcome of personage processing parameters, viz. Subabul timber waste dose, DR28dye concentration, adsorption temperature and period of contact on the chosen responsive features have been studied. The mean values and Signal/Noise ratio of the responsive parameters for separate characteristic at 3 personage levels have been anticipated using L9 orthogone matrix. For the diagrammatic depiction of the variation in assessment of responsive parameters and that of Signal/Noise ratio with the distinction in processing parameters, the responsive graphs have been drawn. These responsive graphs have been considered for investigating processing parameter outcomes on the responsive parameters. The variance analysis for virgin record and Signal/Noise record has been carried out so as to make out the noteworthy parameters and to quantify their outcomes on the responsive parameters. The most encouraging optimum situation in requisites of mean responsive parameters of characters has been recognized by investigating responsive graphs and the analysis of matrices. The most favorable levels of parameters for DR28dye were found to be a1, b3, c3 and d3. The pre-estimated and validated confirm values of DR28dye absorbed on Subabul timber waste at optimum settings were found to be 1.53 mg/g and 1.55 mg/g respectively.
A continuous mode fixed-bed up-flow column adsorption analysis was conducted utilizing Acacia nil... more A continuous mode fixed-bed up-flow column adsorption analysis was conducted utilizing Acacia nilotica sawdust activated carbon (ASAC) as an adsorbent for the adsorption treatment of toxic Indigo Carmine Dye (ICD). The effect on the adsorption characteristics of ASAC of the influent ICD concentration, flow rate, and column bed depth has been investigated. According to the column study, the highest efficiency of ICD removal was approximately 79.01% at a preliminary concentration of 100 mg/L with a flow rate of 250 mL/h at a bed depth of 30 cm and adsorption power of 24.67 mg/g. The experimental work confirmed the dependency of break-through curves on dye concentration and flow rate for a given bed depth. Kinetic models were implemented by Thomas, Yoon–Nelson, and Bed-depth-service-time analysis along with error analysis to interpret experimental data for bed depth of 15 cm and 30 cm, ICD concentration of 100 mg/L and 200 mg/L and flow rate of 250 mL/h, and 500 mL/h. The analysis pred...
In the present work, hydraulic modelling is designed so as to prevent the damage or leakage of wa... more In the present work, hydraulic modelling is designed so as to prevent the damage or leakage of water distribution networks due to water hammer pressure by maintaining adequate pressure. In water supply systems, water is transported from one unit to another by means of pumping or by gravity or by combined pumping-gravity methods. For this purpose, various components like junctions, pipes, joints, pumps, valves, fittings and other appurtenances are used. To provide proper design discharge along with sufficient quantity, adequate pressures are maintained by designing effective hydraulic modelling. In order to prevent damage, rupture or bursting of pipelines due to water hammer pressure, pressure reducing valves (PRV) are considered. The sudden or gradual, opening or closure of valves are decided by considering the pressure that is to be maintained so as to allow the proper flow at outlet or consumer end. In the present case study for Akot, an attempt has been made on hydraulic modelling of water distribution networks. Designing and analysis are done by placing the pressure relief valves at different locations and flow are adjusted by pressure settings using trial and error methods.
In the current exercise, laboratory batch tests were conceded out to inspect adsorptive removal c... more In the current exercise, laboratory batch tests were conceded out to inspect adsorptive removal competency of Direct-red-28 dye from the contaminated water under ideal conditions using Subabool timber wood waste as a sorbent substance. The Direct-red-28 dye effluents are considered to be awfully venomous and distress the bionetwork by disquieting the nature and by decreasing photosynthetic actions due to the colorization of the water. Outcomes of diverse characteristics like Subabool timber wood waste dosage effect, solute-solvent pH effect, Direct-red-28 dye concentration effect, adsorption temperature effect and contact duration effect were examined aiming to acquire the finest uptake confiscation capability of the Subabool timber wood waste. 3 graphical isotherms were chosen to explore laboratory practical data. The technique of adsorption is investigated by taking into account 1 st and 2 nd order kinetics. From the current exercise, it is observed that the Subabool timber wood waste can be selected for the adsorptive removal of Direct-red-28 dye from contaminated water.
Here in current work, Taguchi's laboratory test method for optimizing processing parameters have ... more Here in current work, Taguchi's laboratory test method for optimizing processing parameters have been considered to discuss most favorable level of adsorption for the removal of DR28dye using Subabul timber waste. The outcome of personage processing parameters, viz. Subabul timber waste dose, DR28dye concentration, adsorption temperature and period of contact on the chosen responsive features have been studied. The mean values and Signal/Noise ratio of the responsive parameters for separate characteristic at 3 personage levels have been anticipated using L9 orthogone matrix. For the diagrammatic depiction of the variation in assessment of responsive parameters and that of Signal/Noise ratio with the distinction in processing parameters, the responsive graphs have been drawn. These responsive graphs have been considered for investigating processing parameter outcomes on the responsive parameters. The variance analysis for virgin record and Signal/Noise record has been carried out so as to make out the noteworthy parameters and to quantify their outcomes on the responsive parameters. The most encouraging optimum situation in requisites of mean responsive parameters of characters has been recognized by investigating responsive graphs and the analysis of matrices. The most favorable levels of parameters for DR28dye were found to be a1, b3, c3 and d3. The pre-estimated and validated confirm values of DR28dye absorbed on Subabul timber waste at optimum settings were found to be 1.53 mg/g and 1.55 mg/g respectively.
In the present study, Taguchi's experimental methodology has been applied to find optimum level (... more In the present study, Taguchi's experimental methodology has been applied to find optimum level (value) of adsorption parameters (factors) for the removal of indigo carmine dye (ICD) and methylene blue dye (MBD) using activated carbon derived from Acacia Nilotica sawdust (ACSA). The effect of significant adsorption parameters, viz. adsorbent dose (m), initial concentration (C 0 ), temperature (T) and contact time (t), on the adsorption capacity (q t ) of ACSA for each dye has been discussed. Average values and S/N ratio for each parameter at three different levels have been estimated using L 9 orthogonal array (OA). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) has been used to identify the significant parameters and the most favourable optimal conditions for both raw data and S/N data. The study revealed that, for ICD, initial dye concentration is found to be the most significant parameter with 55.8% contribution followed by ACSA dose, temperature and contact time with 35.7%, 5% and 3.4% contribution, respectively. For MBD, the ACSA dose (m) is found to be the most significant parameter with 46.4% contribution followed by initial dye concentration, temperature and contact time with 44%, 5.3% and 4.4% contribution, respectively. The contact time (t) is found to be the least significant parameter in the overall sorption process for both ICD and MBD. The optimized levels of parameters for both dyes are found to be A 1 , B 3 , C 3 and D 3 . The predicted and average confirmatory values of total dye adsorbed (q t ) on ACSA at optimized levels were found to be 31.02 and 31.01 mg/g, respectively, for ICD and 57.35 and 57.36 mg/g, respectively, for MBD. The percentage removal of ICD and MBD at optimized levels was found to be 77.5% and 95.4%, respectively.
Removal of crystal violet dye (CV) and methylene blue dye (MB) from aqueous solution using activa... more Removal of crystal violet dye (CV) and methylene blue dye (MB) from aqueous solution using activated carbon prepared from Acacia Nilotica sawdust (ACS) has been reported. The physico-chemical properties of ACS such as surface morphology, surface area, pore volume and composition are determined by proximate, BET, SEM and FTIR analyses. Batch experiments are performed to see the effect of different parameters like adsorbent dose, pH , contact time, initial dye concentration and temperature for CV and MB removal. The kinetic studies are carried out using pseudo first and second order kinetic models. To examine the nature of adsorption, to find and optimize the best-fit isotherm, Langmuir, Freundlich, Redlich-Peterson and Radke-Prausnitz isotherm equations along with ARE, MPSD and HYBRID error functions are used. The adsorption of CV and MB dyes onto ACS follows Redlich-Peterson isotherm and second order kinetic model. The maximum removal CV and MB is found to be 99.64% and 99.96% for t...
Mushroom waste substrates are highly resistant lignocellulosic wastes that are commercially produ... more Mushroom waste substrates are highly resistant lignocellulosic wastes that are commercially produced by industries after harvesting. These wastes produce large environmental challenges regarding disposal and, thus, require treatment facilities. In the present article, the effect of Eisenia-fetida-based vermicomposting and an effective microorganism solution on the mushroom waste substrate were investigated using four different composting mixtures: mushroom waste [MW] substrate composting with effective microorganisms [MW+EM], raw mushroom waste [RWM] substrate composting with effective microorganisms [RMW+EM], mushroom waste substrate composting with vermicomposting and effective microorganisms [MW+V+EM], and raw mushroom waste substrate composting with vermicomposting and effective microorganisms [RWM+V+EM]. This article discusses the structural and physiochemical changes at four samples for 45 days (almost six weeks) of composting. The physical and chemical parameters were monitor...
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