Why is ethnic identity an important factor in politics in some countries but not in others? This ... more Why is ethnic identity an important factor in politics in some countries but not in others? This book offers a rigorous comparative analysis of five cases in three regions – Kenya, Tanzania, Bolivia, Peru, and the United States – to demonstrate how colonial administrative rule, access to resources, nation building and language policies, as well as political entrepreneurs contribute to the politicization of ethnicity. The analytical framework in this book identifies how ethnic identities are transformed into socially salient ethnic identities, and how some of these socially salient ethnic identities are used for political mobilization. Long-run factors affecting ethnicity politicization are colonial administrative rule and access to resources. Actions by political entrepreneurs, in contrast, play a major role in short-run, intense bursts of politicized ethnicity. Nation-building policies have the potential to reduce ethnicity politicization and to work towards an inclusive society.
Acknowledgements 1. Politicization of Ethnicity 2. The African Cases: Kenya and Tanzania 3. The L... more Acknowledgements 1. Politicization of Ethnicity 2. The African Cases: Kenya and Tanzania 3. The Latin American Cases: Bolivia and Peru 4. The United States 5. Comparative Analysis
Zusammenfassung Hintergrund In der Gesundheitsberichterstattung wird ein Indikator „vermeidbare S... more Zusammenfassung Hintergrund In der Gesundheitsberichterstattung wird ein Indikator „vermeidbare Sterblichkeit“ geführt. Der Indikator aggregiert ausgewählte Todesursachen. In Deutschland gibt es dazu 2 Varianten, beide sind nicht mehr aktuell. Mit der vorliegenden Arbeit wird eine Neukonzeption vorgeschlagen. Methoden Die Neukonzeption orientiert sich bei der Auswahl der Todesursachen an Vorarbeiten auf europäischer Ebene. Die Umsetzbarkeit und Plausibilität einer konsentierten OECD-Eurostat-Liste werden anhand der Daten der amtlichen Statistik in Bayern für die Jahre 2016–2018 überprüft. Die Analyse umfasst die Untersuchung der Variabilität über die Zeit und innerhalb der bayerischen Regierungsbezirke sowie mögliche systematische Verzerrungen durch regionale Unterschiede im Codierverhalten bzw. Veränderungen im Zeitverlauf. Ergebnisse Die OECD-Eurostat-Liste ist auf regionaler Ebene mit geringfügiger Modifikation umsetzbar. Es ergibt sich eine altersstandardisierte vermeidbare Ster...
Low-income countries struggle to provide their populations with universal primary education, albe... more Low-income countries struggle to provide their populations with universal primary education, albeit lack of the required financial resources. Strategies are sought after to more efficiently use existing educational equipment in these countries. In particular, the role of families and their involvement in schooling to improve educational outcomes has gained increased scholarly attention. While evidence from the developed world proposes strong beneficial effects of family involvement, applications to low-income countries are surprisingly scarce. This paper provides a first test of the impact of three family involvement components, namely monitoring school attendance, improving family-school relationship, and providing school-lunch, on educational outcomes in the representative low-income country Tanzania. Results from the unique school mapping dataset on over 600 communities in Tanzania confirm the relevance of family involvement to increase enrolment and the quality of education. The...
This analysis aims at proposing simple econometric models that can be used to forecast early leav... more This analysis aims at proposing simple econometric models that can be used to forecast early leavers from education and training and tertiary education attainment benchmarks up to year 2020. The models are built on the theoretical framework of human capital and optimal schooling decisions and then estimated in a panel setting to better deal with a limited dataset. By looking back at the time period of enrolment and graduation, our approach could be seen as an attempt to identify the determinants that shape the education decisions of young individuals. We construct the forecasts under very simple assumptions about the expected adults’ education attainment and given the determinants of schooling decisions uncovered by our empirical analysis. The forecasts tell us how early school leaving and tertiary education attainment are likely to develop over the next years if nothing changes in terms of policy measures. This very strong assumption provides scope for policy action especially for ...
The last two decades have been marked by a growing concern about rising inequality. In a recent b... more The last two decades have been marked by a growing concern about rising inequality. In a recent book (2012), Joseph Stiglitz, a former Nobel prize winner in Economics argues that rising income inequality is one of the main factors underlying the economic and financial crisis in the United States. The Economist magazine has al so recently devoted a special report on income inequality in the world (issue 13th‐ 19th October 2012). The social and e conomi c challenge s associated with rising income inequalities have gained prominence in the public debate, after the publication in 2009, of a widely cited book by Richard Wilkinson and Kate Pickett entitled ‘‘The Spirit Level, Why More Equal Societies Almost Always Do Better". Using cross‐ national data, the authors show that income inequality correlates with lower levels of social capital as well as with a host of other social challenge s from poor health, crime, to underage pregnancies. The current report takes part in this debate b...
The last two decades have seen a growing concern about rising inequality. In a recent book (2012)... more The last two decades have seen a growing concern about rising inequality. In a recent book (2012), Economics Nobel laureate Joseph Stiglitz argues that rising income inequality is one of the main factors underlying the economic and financial crisis in the United States. Wilkinson and Pickett (2009) similarly assert that higher inequality has harmful social consequences. This trend of growing inequality has furthermore been condemned in public arenas, where protests in the United States (the “Occupy Wall Street” movement) and in Spain (the “indignados”) show the extent of widespread public dissatisfaction with the present system which is denounced as being fundamentally flawed and unfair. The “We are the 99%” slogan and the associated web blog “We are the 99 percent” are direct references to this growing unequal distribution of wealth. A common rallying point of these movements is the argument that bankers who have benefited from large bonuses have been protected by bailout measures,...
This paper investigates the impact of development aid on educational outcomes. Existing literatur... more This paper investigates the impact of development aid on educational outcomes. Existing literature in this field provides some evidence for a positively significant relationship, but the impact appears to be far below what would be necessary to reach the EFA objectives and MDG 2. Empirical results for the education sector also suggest considerable differences in aid effectiveness depending on political governance. This paper goes beyond previous research by differentiating between aid to primary, secondary and tertiary education. Despite the more precise sectoral attribution, this approach does not show any stronger effect of aid.
Why is ethnic identity an important factor in politics in some countries but not in others? This ... more Why is ethnic identity an important factor in politics in some countries but not in others? This book offers a rigorous comparative analysis of five cases in three regions – Kenya, Tanzania, Bolivia, Peru, and the United States – to demonstrate how colonial administrative rule, access to resources, nation building and language policies, as well as political entrepreneurs contribute to the politicization of ethnicity. The analytical framework in this book identifies how ethnic identities are transformed into socially salient ethnic identities, and how some of these socially salient ethnic identities are used for political mobilization. Long-run factors affecting ethnicity politicization are colonial administrative rule and access to resources. Actions by political entrepreneurs, in contrast, play a major role in short-run, intense bursts of politicized ethnicity. Nation-building policies have the potential to reduce ethnicity politicization and to work towards an inclusive society.
Acknowledgements 1. Politicization of Ethnicity 2. The African Cases: Kenya and Tanzania 3. The L... more Acknowledgements 1. Politicization of Ethnicity 2. The African Cases: Kenya and Tanzania 3. The Latin American Cases: Bolivia and Peru 4. The United States 5. Comparative Analysis
Zusammenfassung Hintergrund In der Gesundheitsberichterstattung wird ein Indikator „vermeidbare S... more Zusammenfassung Hintergrund In der Gesundheitsberichterstattung wird ein Indikator „vermeidbare Sterblichkeit“ geführt. Der Indikator aggregiert ausgewählte Todesursachen. In Deutschland gibt es dazu 2 Varianten, beide sind nicht mehr aktuell. Mit der vorliegenden Arbeit wird eine Neukonzeption vorgeschlagen. Methoden Die Neukonzeption orientiert sich bei der Auswahl der Todesursachen an Vorarbeiten auf europäischer Ebene. Die Umsetzbarkeit und Plausibilität einer konsentierten OECD-Eurostat-Liste werden anhand der Daten der amtlichen Statistik in Bayern für die Jahre 2016–2018 überprüft. Die Analyse umfasst die Untersuchung der Variabilität über die Zeit und innerhalb der bayerischen Regierungsbezirke sowie mögliche systematische Verzerrungen durch regionale Unterschiede im Codierverhalten bzw. Veränderungen im Zeitverlauf. Ergebnisse Die OECD-Eurostat-Liste ist auf regionaler Ebene mit geringfügiger Modifikation umsetzbar. Es ergibt sich eine altersstandardisierte vermeidbare Ster...
Low-income countries struggle to provide their populations with universal primary education, albe... more Low-income countries struggle to provide their populations with universal primary education, albeit lack of the required financial resources. Strategies are sought after to more efficiently use existing educational equipment in these countries. In particular, the role of families and their involvement in schooling to improve educational outcomes has gained increased scholarly attention. While evidence from the developed world proposes strong beneficial effects of family involvement, applications to low-income countries are surprisingly scarce. This paper provides a first test of the impact of three family involvement components, namely monitoring school attendance, improving family-school relationship, and providing school-lunch, on educational outcomes in the representative low-income country Tanzania. Results from the unique school mapping dataset on over 600 communities in Tanzania confirm the relevance of family involvement to increase enrolment and the quality of education. The...
This analysis aims at proposing simple econometric models that can be used to forecast early leav... more This analysis aims at proposing simple econometric models that can be used to forecast early leavers from education and training and tertiary education attainment benchmarks up to year 2020. The models are built on the theoretical framework of human capital and optimal schooling decisions and then estimated in a panel setting to better deal with a limited dataset. By looking back at the time period of enrolment and graduation, our approach could be seen as an attempt to identify the determinants that shape the education decisions of young individuals. We construct the forecasts under very simple assumptions about the expected adults’ education attainment and given the determinants of schooling decisions uncovered by our empirical analysis. The forecasts tell us how early school leaving and tertiary education attainment are likely to develop over the next years if nothing changes in terms of policy measures. This very strong assumption provides scope for policy action especially for ...
The last two decades have been marked by a growing concern about rising inequality. In a recent b... more The last two decades have been marked by a growing concern about rising inequality. In a recent book (2012), Joseph Stiglitz, a former Nobel prize winner in Economics argues that rising income inequality is one of the main factors underlying the economic and financial crisis in the United States. The Economist magazine has al so recently devoted a special report on income inequality in the world (issue 13th‐ 19th October 2012). The social and e conomi c challenge s associated with rising income inequalities have gained prominence in the public debate, after the publication in 2009, of a widely cited book by Richard Wilkinson and Kate Pickett entitled ‘‘The Spirit Level, Why More Equal Societies Almost Always Do Better". Using cross‐ national data, the authors show that income inequality correlates with lower levels of social capital as well as with a host of other social challenge s from poor health, crime, to underage pregnancies. The current report takes part in this debate b...
The last two decades have seen a growing concern about rising inequality. In a recent book (2012)... more The last two decades have seen a growing concern about rising inequality. In a recent book (2012), Economics Nobel laureate Joseph Stiglitz argues that rising income inequality is one of the main factors underlying the economic and financial crisis in the United States. Wilkinson and Pickett (2009) similarly assert that higher inequality has harmful social consequences. This trend of growing inequality has furthermore been condemned in public arenas, where protests in the United States (the “Occupy Wall Street” movement) and in Spain (the “indignados”) show the extent of widespread public dissatisfaction with the present system which is denounced as being fundamentally flawed and unfair. The “We are the 99%” slogan and the associated web blog “We are the 99 percent” are direct references to this growing unequal distribution of wealth. A common rallying point of these movements is the argument that bankers who have benefited from large bonuses have been protected by bailout measures,...
This paper investigates the impact of development aid on educational outcomes. Existing literatur... more This paper investigates the impact of development aid on educational outcomes. Existing literature in this field provides some evidence for a positively significant relationship, but the impact appears to be far below what would be necessary to reach the EFA objectives and MDG 2. Empirical results for the education sector also suggest considerable differences in aid effectiveness depending on political governance. This paper goes beyond previous research by differentiating between aid to primary, secondary and tertiary education. Despite the more precise sectoral attribution, this approach does not show any stronger effect of aid.
Applying the general question of aid effectiveness to the sector of education, this paper provide... more Applying the general question of aid effectiveness to the sector of education, this paper provides some evidence for a positive effect of development assistance on primary enrolment and completion. However, even the most optimistic estimates clearly show that at any realistic rate of growth, aid will never be able to move the world markedly closer towards the internationally agreed objective
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