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Antonio Leon

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Antonio León Sánchez (1948, Spain). Geologist (University of Granada). Specialist in crystallography and mineralogy (University of Granada). Regular studies in mathematical sciences (UNED, Madrid). PhD Program in Logic and Philosophy of Science (UNED, Madrid). Independent researcher in the foundations of science. Academia.edu: top 2% reads and downloads. ResearchGate: top 21% in scientific interest, with publications in the top 2% of scientific interest. Included in the Climont list of critical and innovative authors. For more than thirty years I have been analyzing the formal consistency of the Axiom of infinity and the consequences of its inconsistency in the physical sciences, particularly in the theories of relativity, seriously involved in the spacetime continuum. I suffer from a mental illness (social anxiety) that does not allow me social interaction. I appreciate the interest and apologize for my inevitable isolationism.

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Papers by Antonio Leon

Phisicists calculate but do not explain 2/7. Inconsistent fields in the spacetime continuum.

The General Science Journal, 2024

A major flaw in the use of continuum spacetime in modern physics' explanation of force fields is ... more A major flaw in the use of continuum spacetime in modern physics' explanation of force fields is revealed here, particularly of the decrease with the distance to the center of the fields of the intensity of the corresponding forces. A serious incorrectness caused by the misuse of mathematical continuity, and which reveals to what extent the tragedy of the actual infinity is, in fact, a tragedy for the scientific knowledge of the physical world.

Physicists calculate but do not explain 1/7

The General Science Journal, 2024

The same dense order of real numbers that underpins mathematical continuity is used here to demon... more The same dense order of real numbers that underpins mathematical continuity is used here to demonstrate that, contrary to common belief, infinitesimal calculus can only be a discrete, discontinuous calculation. Its discreteness explains its practical success in physics since the 17th century; and its supposed theoretical continuity explains its inability to explain the physical world, which, if consistent, can only be discrete, as will also be demonstrated in this series of mini-articles.

A New Argument on Schrödinger's Cat

The General Science Journal, 2024

This article adds new details to the Schrödinger's cat argument that allow the development of a n... more This article adds new details to the Schrödinger's cat argument that allow the development of a new argument from which 24 violations of the Second Law of logic are deduced. Schrödinger's cat argument is also examined from the perspective of the old problem of change, which has remained unsolved for 26 centuries, and which physics (the science of change in a changing physical world) has completely forgotten.

Reinterpreting Special Relativity 4/4. Infinity and special relativity

The General Science Jorunal, 2024

The formal consistency of special relativity theory is inevitably tied to the formal consistency ... more

Reinterpreting special relativity 3/4. Violations of the Principle of Relativity

The General Science Journal, 2024

In this article, ve violations of the Principle of Relativity are presented, all of which are imm... more In this article, ve violations of the Principle of Relativity are presented, all of which are immediately deduced from the Lorentz Transformation. Each of these violations implies that certain physical laws, which should hold in all inertial reference frames, do not hold in all inertial reference frames. The areas involved include hydrostatics, structural crystallography, light reflection, elastic body mechanics, and chemical kinetics.

Reinterpreting special relativity 2/4. Special relativity and real physical space

The General Science Journal, 2024

Gravitational waves really modify the distances between the mirrors of the interferometers that d... more Gravitational waves really modify the distances between the mirrors of the interferometers that detect them, which implies that these vibrations must be real, since what does not exist nothing can modify (as Galileo would say). The reality of these vibrations implies, in turn, the reality of the vibrating medium (what does not exist cannot vibrate either). This article discusses the consequences that the reality of this vibrating medium has on the theory of special relativity, which will cease to be a fundamental theory that describes the reality of the physical world to become a theory that only explains certain apparent, not real, deformations of that physical world.

Reinterpreting special relativity 1/4. An incomplete theory or a theory about appearances?

The General Science Journal, 2024

The elastic cord argument is used in this short article to show two possible reinterpretations of... more The elastic cord argument is used in this short article to show two possible reinterpretations of special relativity: either it is an incomplete theory that leaves undecided which spacetime deformations are apparent and which are real; or it is a theory that describes a physical world that is only apparently deformed.

Spacetime: A New Copernican Revolution?

The General Science Journal, 2024

In this brief article, the reasons are explained why the empirical detection of gravitational wav... more

Galileo's Supertask: Is This Physics?

The General Science Journal, 2024

Inspired by Galileo's well-known paradox about natural numbers and their perfect squares, this ar... more Inspired by Galileo's well-known paradox about natural numbers and their perfect squares, this article defines a very simple supertask from which the inconsistency of the Axiom of Infinity, which underpins contemporary infinitist mathematics, is deduced. Since modern physical theories are constructed with this infinitist mathematics, it makes sense to ask whether these theories are really physical theories.

When Peer Review is a Scientific Sham

The reasons given by the respective referees for rejecting the publication of four articles in va... more

SPACE-TIME ASYMMETRY

The General Science Journal, 2024

The empirical detection of the interaction between the vibrations of space (gravitational waves) ... more The empirical detection of the interaction between the vibrations of space (gravitational waves) and ordinary matter makes space a physical real object. This is not the case with time, which would be a physical magnitude measuring a universal and basic property of all physical objects related to the permanence of their successive physical states. As a consequence, a non-closed definition of space could be given, but not one of time. Under these conditions, the symmetry between space and time of the spacetime continuum is definitively broken.

Physicists' Blind Faith in Infinity

The General Science Journal, 2024

Physics never questions the hypothesis of the actual infinity that underlies its mathematical lan... more Physics never questions the hypothesis of the actual infinity that underlies its mathematical language. This hypothesis, debated for more than 25 centuries, suddenly ceased to be discussed when it was axiomatically accepted (Axiom of Infinity) more than a century ago. Ironically, it was set theory, based on this very hypothesis, that provided the author with the tools to prove its formal inconsistency. This paper denounces the scarce echo of these proofs (some of which were published 16 years ago) and invites the reader to examine one of them. It also points out the extraordinary importance of this inconsistency in a large part of physics, especially in cosmological theories and those that make use of the spacetime continuum. The question, then, is inescapable: what can be done to get physics to consider the possibility of this inconsistency and its consequences?

The Discrete Reality of Physical Space

The continuum R + modeling physical time, real or not, poses the same problems in the case of tim... more The continuum R + modeling physical time, real or not, poses the same problems in the case of time as in the case of physical space, discussed in Chapter 23. In the case of time, moreover, the continuous model of time makes it impossible to solve one of the oldest unsolved problems in physics: the problem of change (discussed in Chapter 16). The main objective of this chapter is to discuss the real or apparent nature of relativistic time deformations. It will be shown that, despite their experimental conrmation, relativistic time dilation and local simultaneity (phase dierence in synchronization) may be apparent, not real, in the same way that all refractive deformations are apparent, no matter how many experiments conrm Snell's Law. This paper also demonstrates the impossibility of describing relativistic time dilation in terms of the successive instants that supposedly dene the passage of time. The discrete and real nature of time, already discussed in previous chapters of this book, not only suggests a way to solve the problem of change, but could also explain all relativistic deformations of space and time.

The Axiom of Infinity is Inconsistent

The General Science Journal, 2024

This article contains the shortest proof I have been able to develop of the inconsistency of the ... more This article contains the shortest proof I have been able to develop of the inconsistency of the Axiom of Infinity. The proof is based on the dual numerable and densely ordered nature of the rational interval (0, 1), and is a consequence of assuming that there exist all rational numbers greater than zero and less than 1, without there being a first rational number greater than zero (a similar proof could be based on the assumed existence of all rational number less than 1 without there being a last rational number less than 1).

The Incomplete Foundation of Qantum Mechanics

The General Science Journal, 2024

This paper discusses the incompatibility between the formal logic derived from quantum phenomenol... more

Fundamentals for a Discrete Model of the Universe

The General Science Journal, 2024

This paper introduces a formal scenario characterized by the finite and discrete nature of all ph... more This paper introduces a formal scenario characterized by the finite and discrete nature of all physical entities and magnitudes, including space and time. From this scenario, some basic elements that should be considered in the construction of a finite and discrete model for the observable universe are proposed. It is also proposed to start from models similar to those already known as cellular automata.

On the Expansion of Real Physical Space

The General Science Journal, 2024

This article discusses the new problems that the physical reality of space (deduced from the empi... more

Consequences of gravitational waves on space and light

The General Science Journal, 2024

This short article highlights two very relevant consequences that the empirical detection of grav... more

A Galilean Absolute Revolution

The General Science Journal, 2024

Although he did not give it a specific name, Galileo introduced the concept of preinertia in his ... more Although he did not give it a specific name, Galileo introduced the concept of preinertia in his refutation of Aristotelian natural motion. Unfortunately, that is where the history of this concept begins and ends, although it is far from being an irrelevant concept. In fact, preinertia proves, among other things, the impossibility of detecting any possible absolute motion. And it also proves another result about the relative/absolute nature of motion, the importance of which cannot be overstated.

Logic and Biology of Schrodinger Cat 3/3

The General Science Journal, 2024

This last article in the series proposes to consider the possibility of constructing new discrete... more This last article in the series proposes to consider the possibility of constructing new discrete models to explain the universe, models that could be based on cellular automata. In these finite and discrete models, the great mysteries of quantum mechanics, such as quantum entanglement or the measurement problem, together with the old problem of change, could surely be explained.

Phisicists calculate but do not explain 2/7. Inconsistent fields in the spacetime continuum.

The General Science Journal, 2024

A major flaw in the use of continuum spacetime in modern physics' explanation of force fields is ... more A major flaw in the use of continuum spacetime in modern physics' explanation of force fields is revealed here, particularly of the decrease with the distance to the center of the fields of the intensity of the corresponding forces. A serious incorrectness caused by the misuse of mathematical continuity, and which reveals to what extent the tragedy of the actual infinity is, in fact, a tragedy for the scientific knowledge of the physical world.

Physicists calculate but do not explain 1/7

The General Science Journal, 2024

The same dense order of real numbers that underpins mathematical continuity is used here to demon... more The same dense order of real numbers that underpins mathematical continuity is used here to demonstrate that, contrary to common belief, infinitesimal calculus can only be a discrete, discontinuous calculation. Its discreteness explains its practical success in physics since the 17th century; and its supposed theoretical continuity explains its inability to explain the physical world, which, if consistent, can only be discrete, as will also be demonstrated in this series of mini-articles.

A New Argument on Schrödinger's Cat

The General Science Journal, 2024

This article adds new details to the Schrödinger's cat argument that allow the development of a n... more This article adds new details to the Schrödinger's cat argument that allow the development of a new argument from which 24 violations of the Second Law of logic are deduced. Schrödinger's cat argument is also examined from the perspective of the old problem of change, which has remained unsolved for 26 centuries, and which physics (the science of change in a changing physical world) has completely forgotten.

Reinterpreting Special Relativity 4/4. Infinity and special relativity

The General Science Jorunal, 2024

The formal consistency of special relativity theory is inevitably tied to the formal consistency ... more

Reinterpreting special relativity 3/4. Violations of the Principle of Relativity

The General Science Journal, 2024

In this article, ve violations of the Principle of Relativity are presented, all of which are imm... more In this article, ve violations of the Principle of Relativity are presented, all of which are immediately deduced from the Lorentz Transformation. Each of these violations implies that certain physical laws, which should hold in all inertial reference frames, do not hold in all inertial reference frames. The areas involved include hydrostatics, structural crystallography, light reflection, elastic body mechanics, and chemical kinetics.

Reinterpreting special relativity 2/4. Special relativity and real physical space

The General Science Journal, 2024

Gravitational waves really modify the distances between the mirrors of the interferometers that d... more Gravitational waves really modify the distances between the mirrors of the interferometers that detect them, which implies that these vibrations must be real, since what does not exist nothing can modify (as Galileo would say). The reality of these vibrations implies, in turn, the reality of the vibrating medium (what does not exist cannot vibrate either). This article discusses the consequences that the reality of this vibrating medium has on the theory of special relativity, which will cease to be a fundamental theory that describes the reality of the physical world to become a theory that only explains certain apparent, not real, deformations of that physical world.

Reinterpreting special relativity 1/4. An incomplete theory or a theory about appearances?

The General Science Journal, 2024

The elastic cord argument is used in this short article to show two possible reinterpretations of... more The elastic cord argument is used in this short article to show two possible reinterpretations of special relativity: either it is an incomplete theory that leaves undecided which spacetime deformations are apparent and which are real; or it is a theory that describes a physical world that is only apparently deformed.

Spacetime: A New Copernican Revolution?

The General Science Journal, 2024

In this brief article, the reasons are explained why the empirical detection of gravitational wav... more

Galileo's Supertask: Is This Physics?

The General Science Journal, 2024

Inspired by Galileo's well-known paradox about natural numbers and their perfect squares, this ar... more Inspired by Galileo's well-known paradox about natural numbers and their perfect squares, this article defines a very simple supertask from which the inconsistency of the Axiom of Infinity, which underpins contemporary infinitist mathematics, is deduced. Since modern physical theories are constructed with this infinitist mathematics, it makes sense to ask whether these theories are really physical theories.

When Peer Review is a Scientific Sham

The reasons given by the respective referees for rejecting the publication of four articles in va... more

SPACE-TIME ASYMMETRY

The General Science Journal, 2024

The empirical detection of the interaction between the vibrations of space (gravitational waves) ... more The empirical detection of the interaction between the vibrations of space (gravitational waves) and ordinary matter makes space a physical real object. This is not the case with time, which would be a physical magnitude measuring a universal and basic property of all physical objects related to the permanence of their successive physical states. As a consequence, a non-closed definition of space could be given, but not one of time. Under these conditions, the symmetry between space and time of the spacetime continuum is definitively broken.

Physicists' Blind Faith in Infinity

The General Science Journal, 2024

Physics never questions the hypothesis of the actual infinity that underlies its mathematical lan... more Physics never questions the hypothesis of the actual infinity that underlies its mathematical language. This hypothesis, debated for more than 25 centuries, suddenly ceased to be discussed when it was axiomatically accepted (Axiom of Infinity) more than a century ago. Ironically, it was set theory, based on this very hypothesis, that provided the author with the tools to prove its formal inconsistency. This paper denounces the scarce echo of these proofs (some of which were published 16 years ago) and invites the reader to examine one of them. It also points out the extraordinary importance of this inconsistency in a large part of physics, especially in cosmological theories and those that make use of the spacetime continuum. The question, then, is inescapable: what can be done to get physics to consider the possibility of this inconsistency and its consequences?

The Discrete Reality of Physical Space

The continuum R + modeling physical time, real or not, poses the same problems in the case of tim... more The continuum R + modeling physical time, real or not, poses the same problems in the case of time as in the case of physical space, discussed in Chapter 23. In the case of time, moreover, the continuous model of time makes it impossible to solve one of the oldest unsolved problems in physics: the problem of change (discussed in Chapter 16). The main objective of this chapter is to discuss the real or apparent nature of relativistic time deformations. It will be shown that, despite their experimental conrmation, relativistic time dilation and local simultaneity (phase dierence in synchronization) may be apparent, not real, in the same way that all refractive deformations are apparent, no matter how many experiments conrm Snell's Law. This paper also demonstrates the impossibility of describing relativistic time dilation in terms of the successive instants that supposedly dene the passage of time. The discrete and real nature of time, already discussed in previous chapters of this book, not only suggests a way to solve the problem of change, but could also explain all relativistic deformations of space and time.

The Axiom of Infinity is Inconsistent

The General Science Journal, 2024

This article contains the shortest proof I have been able to develop of the inconsistency of the ... more This article contains the shortest proof I have been able to develop of the inconsistency of the Axiom of Infinity. The proof is based on the dual numerable and densely ordered nature of the rational interval (0, 1), and is a consequence of assuming that there exist all rational numbers greater than zero and less than 1, without there being a first rational number greater than zero (a similar proof could be based on the assumed existence of all rational number less than 1 without there being a last rational number less than 1).

The Incomplete Foundation of Qantum Mechanics

The General Science Journal, 2024

This paper discusses the incompatibility between the formal logic derived from quantum phenomenol... more

Fundamentals for a Discrete Model of the Universe

The General Science Journal, 2024

This paper introduces a formal scenario characterized by the finite and discrete nature of all ph... more This paper introduces a formal scenario characterized by the finite and discrete nature of all physical entities and magnitudes, including space and time. From this scenario, some basic elements that should be considered in the construction of a finite and discrete model for the observable universe are proposed. It is also proposed to start from models similar to those already known as cellular automata.

On the Expansion of Real Physical Space

The General Science Journal, 2024

This article discusses the new problems that the physical reality of space (deduced from the empi... more

Consequences of gravitational waves on space and light

The General Science Journal, 2024

This short article highlights two very relevant consequences that the empirical detection of grav... more

A Galilean Absolute Revolution

The General Science Journal, 2024

Although he did not give it a specific name, Galileo introduced the concept of preinertia in his ... more Although he did not give it a specific name, Galileo introduced the concept of preinertia in his refutation of Aristotelian natural motion. Unfortunately, that is where the history of this concept begins and ends, although it is far from being an irrelevant concept. In fact, preinertia proves, among other things, the impossibility of detecting any possible absolute motion. And it also proves another result about the relative/absolute nature of motion, the importance of which cannot be overstated.

Logic and Biology of Schrodinger Cat 3/3

The General Science Journal, 2024

This last article in the series proposes to consider the possibility of constructing new discrete... more This last article in the series proposes to consider the possibility of constructing new discrete models to explain the universe, models that could be based on cellular automata. In these finite and discrete models, the great mysteries of quantum mechanics, such as quantum entanglement or the measurement problem, together with the old problem of change, could surely be explained.

The Discrete Reality of Physical Space

The experimental detection of gravitational waves makes the existence of space as a real physical... more

Questioning Leibniz Principle of Sufficient Reason

The discrete reality of physical space, 2024

In the formal framework defined by the Principle of Directional Evolution of the Universe (toward... more In the formal framework defined by the Principle of Directional Evolution of the Universe (towards its maximum entropy) and by the Theorem of the Inconsistent Infinity, this chapter proves the incompleteness of Leibniz's Principle of Sufficient Reason, which renders inconclusive Leibniz's critique of Newton's absolute space, and also makes inevitable the existence of first causes that cannot be explained in terms of other causes deduced from our present knowledge of the observable universe.

Paradoxes In Naive Set Theory

Infinity put to the test, 2023

This chapter proves that the set-theory paradoxes of Cantor, Burali-Forti and Russell are in fact... more

Corrupción En La Ciencia

Corrupción den la ciencia, 2023

Una breve exposición, ilustrada con casos reales, de los principales tipos de corrupción en la pr... more

Infinity Physics And Language

The discrete reality of physical space, 2023

Infinity, physics and language A chapter of the book The Discrete Reality of Space, of next publi... more Infinity, physics and language A chapter of the book The Discrete Reality of Space, of next publication. Links to other chapters. In the primary and secondary literature of physics, an ordinary language is used that is not compatible with some of the mathematical assumptions of physical theories, nor with most of the equations with which these theories are constructed. I denounce here, with numerous examples, this logical abuse between the formal and the ordinary language of physics. And the question arises what would happen if physicists forced themselves to maintain the necessary consistency between what they say and what they should say according to the mathematical (infinitist) foundations of their theories.

Newton Bucket and Absolute Rotations

The discrete reality of physical space, 2023

The content of this chapter links the famous Clarke-Leibniz discussion on Newton's bucket experim... more The content of this chapter links the famous Clarke-Leibniz discussion on Newton's bucket experiment with a new and independent argument confirming Newton's idea about the absolute nature of the rotation of the water in his famous bucket. Literally, the existence of billions of objects in the universe animated by absolute motion is demonstrated here: their rotations about their respective internal axes of rotation. Newton's thought experiment of the two balloons connected by a string is also recalled here. Finally, the problem of the relation between inertial mass, gravitational mass and preinertia is raised.

Simultaneity 2. A contradiction related to local simultaneity

Apparent Relativity, 2022

This short chapter contains a single argument that could have been included as a section in the p... more This short chapter contains a single argument that could have been included as a section in the previous chapter. But the argument is so simple and conclusive that I have found it convenient to devote a chapter of its own to it. Indeed, a flagrant contradiction derived directly from the phase difference in relativistic synchronization (lack of simultaneity) is demonstrated here. The absence of a 'universal now' is one of the most debated aspects of special relativity. The rotating bar argument developed in this chapter demonstrates in a very simple and conclusive way that, indeed, the absence of a 'universal now' is inconsistent. Consequently, we could again consider the possibility of universally simultaneous events and simultaneous processes.

Apparent Relativity, 2022

We discuss here, from a physical and logical (not mathematical) point of view, the perception and... more We discuss here, from a physical and logical (not mathematical) point of view, the perception and description of motion and the concept of velocity, an intrinsic quantitative property of motion. The reader will find here a very significant surprise related to the existence and nature of motion itself: the demonstration of something that is a real anathema in contemporary physics.

Apparent Relativity

This book analyzes the possibility that the relativistic deformations of space and time were only... more This book analyzes the possibility that the relativistic deformations of space and time were only apparent, not real. He also introduces the concept of preinertia, a universal attribute of all physical objects that makes it impossible to detect absolute motion. Preinertia and discrete space and time are then used to propose an alternative to the theory of special relativity compatible with all its experimental support.

Two real breaks of Lorentz symmetry

Apparent Relativity, 2022

This chapter examines new relativistic and non-relativistic aspects of mass and density in inerti... more This chapter examines new relativistic and non-relativistic aspects of mass and density in inertial reference frames that raise some interesting questions about the composition and the internal structure of matter. Although the most conflicting part of the chapter are the Sections 3-5, in two of which a real breaking of the Lorentz symmetry is demonstrated; and in the other absolute motion could be the only solution of the problem posed there. Saying symmetry breaking is a figure of speech, because what is demonstrated in this chapter are true formal contradictions derived from the Lorentz Transformation, in particular from length contractions and phase differences in synchronization.

Asymmetry In the Reflection of Light

Apparent Relativity, 2022

It is proved in this chapter a significant break of symmetry in the reflection of light by an inc... more It is proved in this chapter a significant break of symmetry in the reflection of light by an inclined mirror when observed in relative motion: the reflection is always symmetrical in the proper reference frame of the mirror and the source of light, but it is not symmetrical in other different inertial reference frames. The Law of Least Area is also introduced in the last section of this chapter. Somehow related to the Principle of Least Action, the Law of Least Area also has significant consequences on the First Principle of Relativity as formulated in special relativity.

Apparent Relativity, 2022

The case of the Galileo mast is reviewed and compared with a visible laser beam parallel to the m... more

Relativistic mass

Apparent relativity, 2022

This chapter deals with mass and inertia. It also introduces the concept of preinertia, a physica... more This chapter deals with mass and inertia. It also introduces the concept of preinertia, a physical concept that is implicitly assumed in both classical and relativistic mechanics, and that is made explicit in this part of the book. The chapter also discusses on the relativity of mass and deduce the relativistic increment of mass in two different ways, one of them independent of Lorentz transformation. The last section proves a conflict involving relativistic mass, SR and absolute motion.

Einstein Horizontal Clock

Apparent relativity, 2022

This chapter discusses a new version of Einstein's light clock that raises several relativistic c... more

Double Relative Velocity

Apparent relativity

This chapter discusses on the velocity of an object through another object observed in relative m... more This chapter discusses on the velocity of an object through another object observed in relative motion, a doubly relative velocity that is defined as any other velocity (the ratio of the length of the object traversed to the time spent in the traversal). A conflicting asymmetry appears that would imply the violation of the Second Principle of Relativity. It also makes possible the inconsistent behaviour of certain mechanical devices (piston machine).

Periodic Relativistic Synchronizations

Apparent relativity, 2022

Two clocks placed at the ends of a rigid rod rotating around its centre are periodically synchron... more

Relativity In an Optical Fiber

Apparent relativity, 2022

In a horizontal optical fiber observed in relative motion parallel to the optical fiber, light tr... more

$Research paper thumbnail of Relativistic Refraction Of Light$

Relativistic Refraction Of Light

Apparent Relativity, 2021

Snell Law is not satisfied when the refraction of light is observed in relative motion.

Relativistic reflection of light

Apparent relativity, 2022

An inconsistent case of relativistic reflection of light.

Differential relativity of time

Apparent relativity, 2022

This chapter introduces a problem on differential relativity of time that seems difficult to expl... more This chapter introduces a problem on differential relativity of time that seems difficult to explain: a set of identical clocks separated by a proper distance greater than zero and accelerated simultaneously in their proper reference frame under the same conditions and until reaching the same final uniform velocity, undergo different relativistic effects depending upon their original relative position and separation: each clock in the direction of motion ticks faster than the next one during their common acceleration, without there being a physical reason to explain the difference.

A Quantum Solution to Zeno's Paradoxes

After pointing out certain inadequacies and misunderstandings in the ordinary language used by ph... more After pointing out certain inadequacies and misunderstandings in the ordinary language used by physicists, and denouncing certain impossible mathematical relationships between discrete and continuous magnitudes, the emblematic Paradox of Achilles and the Tortoise is formally defined, and its immediate solution in discrete space and time is demonstrated, pointing the way that resolves all the paradoxes deduced from the continuums of densely ordered points and instants.

Fine-tuning the origin of the universe

This article explores the origin of the observable universe, emphasizing the near-unanimous concl... more This article explores the origin of the observable universe, emphasizing the near-unanimous conclusion that the universe had a beginning. It contrasts two main paths to this conclusion: the classical route through general relativity equations, supported by empirical evidence like the universe's expansion and cosmic microwave background radiation, and a formal approach derived from the Principle of Directional Evolution. The latter suggests that the universe's cause is external and unknowable through science limited to this universe. The paper also discusses the ne-tuning of the fundamental physical constants from a probabilistic perspective, considering the number of constants and the number of their invariant decimal figures, demonstrating that ne-tuning supports the universe's origination by a cause external to the universe itself.

Elements And Processes Of Reality

This article recalls the concept of element of reality and introduces a new more general concept:... more This article recalls the concept of element of reality and introduces a new more general concept: the process of reality, which includes the first one, the concept of change and the irreversibility of time. The problem of quantum non-locality is also discussed and a new discrete scenario with a single universal locality is suggested.

TRANSFINITE PARTITIONS OF JORDAN CURVES

The ω-asymmetry induced by transfinite partitions makes it impossible for Jordan curves to have a... more

The Shortest Embarrassing Papers on Special Relativity. 12/12

Special relativity may not be compatible with the Second Law of Logic.

The Shortest Embarrassing Papers on Special Relativity. 11/12.

In a discrete space and time, special relativity is neither consistent nor necessary.

The Shortest Embarrassing Papers on Special Relativity. 10/12.

This paper introduces a conflict between the Clock Paradox and the Principle of Relativity.

The Shortest Embarrassing Papers on Special Relativity. 9/12

Optical crystallography challenges the Principle of Relativity.

The Shortest Embarrassing Papers on Special Relativity. 8/12.

Preinertia makes absolute motion detection impossible.

The Shortest Embarrassing Papers on Special Relativity. 7/12.

A critical perspective of the empirical confirmations of special relativity is introduced here.

The Shortest Embarrassing Papers on Special Relativity. 6/12

A relativistic inconguence points to absolute motion as the only solution.

The Shortest Embarrassing Papers on Special Relativity. 5/12

A mechanical impossibility suggests the apparent nature of all relativistic deformations.

The Shortest Embarrassing Papers on Special Relativity. 4/12

The Lorentz transformation causes a pendulum to swing faster in one direction than in the other.

The Shortest Embarrassing Papers on Special Relativity. 3/12

Einstein's statement of the Principle of Relativity is proved inconsistent.

The XVII century debate on Homo sapiens Preprint of a chapter of the book Contributions on History and Philosophy of Science. (To be published

Contributions on history and philosophy of science, 2022

As many authors of the time used to say, the Age of Enlightenment, approximately 1700-1789, repre... more As many authors of the time used to say, the Age of Enlightenment, approximately 1700-1789, represents the awakening of long centuries of darkness and ignorance to a new era illuminated by the light of reason and respect for humanity. The study of the conception of man in several representative authors of this time constitutes the objective of this work. After a brief analysis of the Age of Enlightenment, the conclusions obtained on each of the authors studied are presented: Descartes, de La Mettrie, Hervás, Buffon, Voltaire and Diderot. All of them enlightened authors, except Descartes who belongs to the Scientific Revolution of the XVI-XVII centuries. Although all the authors studied dealt with man, not all dealt with the same aspects. Thus, Descartes and de La Mettrie worked more on aspects related to the functioning of the human body, the latter also dealt with certain aspects of human psychology. Hervás, Buffon, Voltaire and Diderot developed a more complete anthropology, taking an interest in aspects such as the human species, races, the constitution and evolution of societies, morality, etc. In the last part of the work, a comparative analysis of the authors studied is presented, which includes their methodology, their vision of the origin and nature of man, their relationship with other species of animals, and the social and moral aspects of anthropology.

Reinterpreting Riemann series theorem

Riemann's Series Theorem is reinterpreted as a proof of the inconsistency of the actual infinity ... more

Spacetime Divisibility

This chapter discusses on the possibility of dividing finite intervals of space and time into inf... more

Physics And Supertasks

This chapter examines supertasks from the perspective of the physical laws, both classical and re... more

A Disturbing Supertask

This chapter analyzes the consequences of being complete and un-completable that characterize the... more

Arithmetic Singularities Of Aleph Null

By means of orthodox transfinite arithmetic, this chapter proves, among other results, an unexpec... more