Galore International Journal of Health Sciences and Research
Cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) evaluation is a useful screening method used to detect cardiomegaly. I... more Cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) evaluation is a useful screening method used to detect cardiomegaly. It varies in different populations due to genetic, geographical and environmental factors that influence body morphology. This study aimed at assessing the CTR and determining its association with gender and age among adult Nigerians. This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the Radiology Department of a Teaching Hospital in Delta State after obtaining ethical clearance. Postero-anterior chest radiographs of 200 adults (108 males and 92 females) were used to measure the transverse cardiac diameter (TCD) and transverse thoracic diameter (TTD) in centimeters (cm). These were used to compute the CTR (TCD/TTD*100). Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 22.0 was used to analyze the data. Independent t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to determine the differences in the measurements with regards to gender and age-groups respectively. The correlation tha...
Introduction The morphological variants of the nasal septum have been implicated in sinus patholo... more Introduction The morphological variants of the nasal septum have been implicated in sinus pathology and pose a challenge during endoscopic surgeries. Objective The present study aimed at evaluating the prevalence of nasal septum variants in adult Nigerians. Methods The present study was performed at the Radiology Department of Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria, following ethical approval. Brain computed tomography (CT) scan images of 336 adults were evaluated for nasal septum variants. The angle of the deviated nasal septum was measured, and the severity was classified. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 23.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). The angle of deviation was presented in means and standard deviation. Frequencies of the variants were presented in percentages. The Student t-test was used to compare the angle of deviation, while the chi-squared test was used to compare the frequencies in the different groups. A p-value < 0.05 was...
Preoperative evaluation of the sphenoid sinus septa is mandatory for safe endoscopic endonasal tr... more Preoperative evaluation of the sphenoid sinus septa is mandatory for safe endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery. This study aimed at elucidating the variant septation of the sphenoid sinus using computed tomographic images of adult patients. This observational study retrospectively evaluated 336 brain Computed Tomographic images of adult patients seen in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital. The study was approved by the Research Committee of the Hospital. The presence, number, location and attachment of the sphenoid sinus septum were studied and recorded. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23 was used to analyze the prevalence of the variants and compare them based on gender and side using the Chi-square test. The level of significance was considered at p<0.05. The prevalence of a single complete septum was 179 (53.3%), while double and multiple septa had a frequency of 88 (26.2%) and 69 (20.5%) respectively. The complete septum was predominantly located in the param...
Background The variant pneumatization patterns of the sphenoid sinus have significant surgical im... more Background The variant pneumatization patterns of the sphenoid sinus have significant surgical implications due to their associated inconsistent neurovascular relations. This study aimed at evaluating the pneumatization patterns of the sphenoid sinus in adult Nigerians. Methods This was a retrospective study conducted at the Radiology Department of a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria after obtaining institutional ethical approval. Brain Computed Tomography images of 336 patients (137 females, 199 males) aged ≥20 years were studied for the variant pneumatization patterns of the sphenoid sinus. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23 was used for data analysis. Chi-square test was used to assess for the association of the variants with gender and side. Pvalue was considered significant at <0.05. Results The predominant pneumatization pattern in relation to the seller turcica was the sellar type (181;53.9%) followed by the presellar type (65;19.3%), post-sellar (62;18.5%), and...
Anatomy of the intracranial part of middle meningeal artery is important during ligation or embol... more Anatomy of the intracranial part of middle meningeal artery is important during ligation or embolization in epidural haematomas, and in surgical approach to the middle cranial fossa. It shows population variations, but reports from African populations are scanty. This study aimed at describing the variant anatomy of intracranial part of middle meningeal artery in a black Kenyan population. One hundred and sixty middle meningeal arteries and grooves from 80 cadaveric cranial cavities of adult black Kenyans obtained from the Department of Human Anatomy, University of Nairobi Kenya were studied. Measurements taken included length of main trunk, horizontal distance from the branching point to a perpendicular line through midpoint of the zygomatic arch, and a horizontal line from the branching point to a perpendicular line through the tip of the tragus. The branching point of all intracranial divisions was anterior to the tragus and in majority of cases (84.9%) posterior to the mid zygom...
Objective: To determine the morphometric parameters of the occipital condyle (OC) in adult Nigeri... more Objective: To determine the morphometric parameters of the occipital condyle (OC) in adult Nigerians using computed tomography (CT). Methods: Following ethical approval, the morphometric parameters of the OC of 336 adult Nigerians (199 males, 137 females) aged ≥20 years were measured on brain CT images stored at the Radiology Department of a tertiary hospital. Results: Males had significantly larger metric parameters than females. The measurements showed significant differences in the various 10 years' age groups. The width, and distance from anterior tips to basion, and opisthion showed significant side differences. There was a significant positive correlation between the right, and left OC morphometric parameters (P<0.05). Conclusion: The morphometry of the OC in the studied population differed from previous literature reports. Therefore, consideration of population specific morphometry is paramount for safe craniovertebral junction surgeries and in the design of customised...
Anatomical measurements of the distal clavicle are important in the design of clavicular implants... more Anatomical measurements of the distal clavicle are important in the design of clavicular implants for fixing clavicular fractures and reconstruction of the coraco-clavicular complex in acromio-clavicular joint dislocations. These measurements show population variations however, little data exists from the African population and none for the Kenyan one. One hundred and eighty unpaired dry adult human clavicles were obtained from the Department of Human Anatomy, University of Nairobi. The length of clavicle and distance of conoid and trapezoid tuberosities from the distal end were measured using a ruler. The superoinferior thickness of the distal end was measured using a vernier caliper. The mean clavicle length was 148.57±12.63mm. The left clavicle was longer (150.4mm) than the right one (146.8mm). Conoid tubercle (CT) and trapezoid tuberosity (TT) were 39.52±5.93mm and 17.96±3.42mm respectively from the lateral edge of clavicle. These distances correlated positively with the length ...
Background: A comparison of the finger and toe ridge patterns can reveal their genetic interdepen... more Background: A comparison of the finger and toe ridge patterns can reveal their genetic interdependence. This cross-sectional study aimed at analyzing and correlating the corresponding finger and toe ridge counts. Materials and Methods: The hands and feet of 100 subjects (50 males and 50 females) from the Anioma tribe of Nigeria were scanned with Hewlett placard G4010 photo scanner following ethical approval. Evaluation of the finger and toe prints was carried out using AutoCAD version 2010. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package of the Social Sciences version 23 and presented using descriptive statistics. Chi-square test was used to test for association between nonparametric variables while Pearson's correlation was used to assess for the relationship between corresponding finger and toe ridge counts. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The predominant finger and toe ridge patterns were loops (73%, 79.7%) followed by arches (18.4%, 15.1%) and...
Diameter of the coronary sinus ostium is important in the designing of cannulation devices used i... more Diameter of the coronary sinus ostium is important in the designing of cannulation devices used in cardiac resynchronization therapy and percutaneous mitral valve annuloplasty. Population variation of the diameter may account for the failure rate of these procedures. Studies of the coronary sinus ostium from African populations are scarce and altogether absent for Kenya. Therefore, this study aimed at determining sex differences in the diameter of coronary sinus ostium and its correlation with the weight of the heart. Seventy-four hearts of adult black Kenyans [43 male, 31 females; age range 20 – 70 years] obtained during autopsy at the Department of Human Anatomy, University of Nairobi, Kenya were weighed. The coronary sinus ostium was identified and its transverse and supero-inferior diameters measured in millimeters. The measurements were analyzed using SPSS version 17. Sex comparison was established using student’s t test. Association between diameter and heart weight was es...
BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE WORK The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a subs... more BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE WORK The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a substantial psychological burden among students. This study aimed at evaluating the impact of the COVID-19 on the mental health of university students and determining the prevalence of anxiety and depression. METHODS This cross-sectional descriptive study utilized an online questionnaire sent to students in the Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University after ethical approval. The Generalized Anxiety and Disorder Scale-7 (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scores were analyzed using the Statistical Package of Social Sciences and expressed using descriptive statistics and percentages. An independent t-test was used to determine the gender differences in the GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scores while Pearson's correlation was used to establish a relationship between these scores with age. RESULTS The 259 respondents comprised 118, 45.6% males and 141, 54.4% females with an ...
International Journal of Forensic Odontology, 2021
Background: The morphometry of the frontal sinus (FS) is important in the diagnosis, surgical tre... more Background: The morphometry of the frontal sinus (FS) is important in the diagnosis, surgical treatment, and follow-up of sinus pathology. It is also reliable in the forensic identification of skeletonized, charred, and dismembered human remains. This study aimed at determining the morphometry of the FS in adult Nigerians. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study used computed tomography images of 292 adult patients aged ≥20 years and archived in the radiology department of a tertiary hospital in Nigeria. Following ethical approval, the dimensions of the FS were measured. The axial and coronal sections were used to measure the thickness of the anterior and posterior walls, the width, depth, the distance between the most lateral points of the FS, height, and distance between the highest points of the FS bilaterally. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software version 23. Paired t-test and independent t-test were used to evaluate for the si...
The pattern of coronary artery atherosclerosis is valuable in informing mitigation strategies for... more The pattern of coronary artery atherosclerosis is valuable in informing mitigation strategies for coronary heart disease. Histomorphological data on this disease among Africans living in Sub Saharan Africa are, however, scarce. The left anterior descending is one of the most commonly afflicted arteries. This study, therefore, examined the left anterior descending artery of 213 black Kenyans [Mean age 36.8 years, range 5 – 82 years] who had died of non cardiovascular causes for features of atherosclerosis. The individuals were divided into male and female, then into 10-yr age groups. Specimens were obtained from the proximal segment of the artery during autopsy at the Department of Human Anatomy University of Nairobi, Kenya. They were processed routinely for paraffin embedding and sectioning. Five micron sections were stained with Haematoxylin/Eosin and Mason’s trichrome and examined with light microscope. Micrographs of representative features were taken using a high resolution digi...
Regional differences in the mural structure of the coronary sinus are important in understanding ... more Regional differences in the mural structure of the coronary sinus are important in understanding its physico-mechanical properties and the basis for extent of atrial fibrillation and ablation. These features are only scarcely reported. This study therefore aimed at describing regional differences in the mural structure of coronary sinus among black Kenyans. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study on coronary sinuses from fifteen hearts obtained during autopsy on adult black Kenyans at the Department of Human Anatomy, University of Nairobi. Five-millimeter-long specimens were taken from the proximal, middle and terminal segments of the coronary sinus and processed routinely for paraffin embedding and sectioning. Seven-micron thick sections were stained with Masson’s Trichrome to demonstrate connective tissue and smooth muscle while Weigert’s Resorcin Fuschin stain was used to demonstrate elastic fibres. The slides were examined with a light microscope and photomicrographs ...
Anatomy of the intracranial part of middle meningeal artery is important during ligation or embol... more Anatomy of the intracranial part of middle meningeal artery is important during ligation or embolization in epidural haematomas, and in surgical approach to the middle cranial fossa. It shows population variations, but reports from African populations are scanty. This study aimed at describing the variant anatomy of intracranial part of middle meningeal artery in a black Kenyan population. One hundred and sixty middle meningeal arteries and grooves from 80 cadaveric cranial cavities of adult black Kenyans obtained from the Department of Human Anatomy, University of Nairobi Kenya were studied. Measurements taken included length of main trunk, horizontal distance from the branching point to a perpendicular line through midpoint of the zygomatic arch, and a horizontal line from the branching point to a perpendicular line through the tip of the tragus. The branching point of all intracranial divisions was anterior to the tragus and in majority of cases (84.9%) posterior to the mid zygom...
Regional differences in the mural structure of the coronary sinus are important in understanding ... more Regional differences in the mural structure of the coronary sinus are important in understanding its physico-mechanical properties and the basis for extent of atrial fibrillation and ablation. These features are only scarcely reported. This study therefore aimed at describing regional differences in the mural structure of coronary sinus among black Kenyans. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study on coronary sinuses from fifteen hearts obtained during autopsy on adult black Kenyans at the Department of Human Anatomy, University of Nairobi. Five-millimeter-long specimens were taken from the proximal, middle and terminal segments of the coronary sinus and processed routinely for paraffin embedding and sectioning. Seven-micron thick sections were stained with Masson’s Trichrome to demonstrate connective tissue and smooth muscle while Weigert’s Resorcin Fuschin stain was used to demonstrate elastic fibres. The slides were examined with a light microscope and photomicrographs ...
Anatomical measurements of the distal clavicle are important in the design of clavicular implants... more Anatomical measurements of the distal clavicle are important in the design of clavicular implants for fixing clavicular fractures and reconstruction of the coraco-clavicular complex in acromio-clavicular joint dislocations. These measurements show population variations however, little data exists from the African population and none for the Kenyan one. One hundred and eighty unpaired dry adult human clavicles were obtained from the Department of Human Anatomy, University of Nairobi. The length of clavicle and distance of conoid and trapezoid tuberosities from the distal end were measured using a ruler. The superoinferior thickness of the distal end was measured using a vernier caliper. The mean clavicle length was 148.57±12.63mm. The left clavicle was longer (150.4mm) than the right one (146.8mm). Conoid tubercle (CT) and trapezoid tuberosity (TT) were 39.52±5.93mm and 17.96±3.42mm respectively from the lateral edge of clavicle. These distances correlated positively with the lengt...
Galore International Journal of Health Sciences and Research
Cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) evaluation is a useful screening method used to detect cardiomegaly. I... more Cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) evaluation is a useful screening method used to detect cardiomegaly. It varies in different populations due to genetic, geographical and environmental factors that influence body morphology. This study aimed at assessing the CTR and determining its association with gender and age among adult Nigerians. This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the Radiology Department of a Teaching Hospital in Delta State after obtaining ethical clearance. Postero-anterior chest radiographs of 200 adults (108 males and 92 females) were used to measure the transverse cardiac diameter (TCD) and transverse thoracic diameter (TTD) in centimeters (cm). These were used to compute the CTR (TCD/TTD*100). Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 22.0 was used to analyze the data. Independent t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to determine the differences in the measurements with regards to gender and age-groups respectively. The correlation tha...
Introduction The morphological variants of the nasal septum have been implicated in sinus patholo... more Introduction The morphological variants of the nasal septum have been implicated in sinus pathology and pose a challenge during endoscopic surgeries. Objective The present study aimed at evaluating the prevalence of nasal septum variants in adult Nigerians. Methods The present study was performed at the Radiology Department of Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria, following ethical approval. Brain computed tomography (CT) scan images of 336 adults were evaluated for nasal septum variants. The angle of the deviated nasal septum was measured, and the severity was classified. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 23.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). The angle of deviation was presented in means and standard deviation. Frequencies of the variants were presented in percentages. The Student t-test was used to compare the angle of deviation, while the chi-squared test was used to compare the frequencies in the different groups. A p-value < 0.05 was...
Preoperative evaluation of the sphenoid sinus septa is mandatory for safe endoscopic endonasal tr... more Preoperative evaluation of the sphenoid sinus septa is mandatory for safe endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery. This study aimed at elucidating the variant septation of the sphenoid sinus using computed tomographic images of adult patients. This observational study retrospectively evaluated 336 brain Computed Tomographic images of adult patients seen in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital. The study was approved by the Research Committee of the Hospital. The presence, number, location and attachment of the sphenoid sinus septum were studied and recorded. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23 was used to analyze the prevalence of the variants and compare them based on gender and side using the Chi-square test. The level of significance was considered at p<0.05. The prevalence of a single complete septum was 179 (53.3%), while double and multiple septa had a frequency of 88 (26.2%) and 69 (20.5%) respectively. The complete septum was predominantly located in the param...
Background The variant pneumatization patterns of the sphenoid sinus have significant surgical im... more Background The variant pneumatization patterns of the sphenoid sinus have significant surgical implications due to their associated inconsistent neurovascular relations. This study aimed at evaluating the pneumatization patterns of the sphenoid sinus in adult Nigerians. Methods This was a retrospective study conducted at the Radiology Department of a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria after obtaining institutional ethical approval. Brain Computed Tomography images of 336 patients (137 females, 199 males) aged ≥20 years were studied for the variant pneumatization patterns of the sphenoid sinus. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23 was used for data analysis. Chi-square test was used to assess for the association of the variants with gender and side. Pvalue was considered significant at <0.05. Results The predominant pneumatization pattern in relation to the seller turcica was the sellar type (181;53.9%) followed by the presellar type (65;19.3%), post-sellar (62;18.5%), and...
Anatomy of the intracranial part of middle meningeal artery is important during ligation or embol... more Anatomy of the intracranial part of middle meningeal artery is important during ligation or embolization in epidural haematomas, and in surgical approach to the middle cranial fossa. It shows population variations, but reports from African populations are scanty. This study aimed at describing the variant anatomy of intracranial part of middle meningeal artery in a black Kenyan population. One hundred and sixty middle meningeal arteries and grooves from 80 cadaveric cranial cavities of adult black Kenyans obtained from the Department of Human Anatomy, University of Nairobi Kenya were studied. Measurements taken included length of main trunk, horizontal distance from the branching point to a perpendicular line through midpoint of the zygomatic arch, and a horizontal line from the branching point to a perpendicular line through the tip of the tragus. The branching point of all intracranial divisions was anterior to the tragus and in majority of cases (84.9%) posterior to the mid zygom...
Objective: To determine the morphometric parameters of the occipital condyle (OC) in adult Nigeri... more Objective: To determine the morphometric parameters of the occipital condyle (OC) in adult Nigerians using computed tomography (CT). Methods: Following ethical approval, the morphometric parameters of the OC of 336 adult Nigerians (199 males, 137 females) aged ≥20 years were measured on brain CT images stored at the Radiology Department of a tertiary hospital. Results: Males had significantly larger metric parameters than females. The measurements showed significant differences in the various 10 years' age groups. The width, and distance from anterior tips to basion, and opisthion showed significant side differences. There was a significant positive correlation between the right, and left OC morphometric parameters (P<0.05). Conclusion: The morphometry of the OC in the studied population differed from previous literature reports. Therefore, consideration of population specific morphometry is paramount for safe craniovertebral junction surgeries and in the design of customised...
Anatomical measurements of the distal clavicle are important in the design of clavicular implants... more Anatomical measurements of the distal clavicle are important in the design of clavicular implants for fixing clavicular fractures and reconstruction of the coraco-clavicular complex in acromio-clavicular joint dislocations. These measurements show population variations however, little data exists from the African population and none for the Kenyan one. One hundred and eighty unpaired dry adult human clavicles were obtained from the Department of Human Anatomy, University of Nairobi. The length of clavicle and distance of conoid and trapezoid tuberosities from the distal end were measured using a ruler. The superoinferior thickness of the distal end was measured using a vernier caliper. The mean clavicle length was 148.57±12.63mm. The left clavicle was longer (150.4mm) than the right one (146.8mm). Conoid tubercle (CT) and trapezoid tuberosity (TT) were 39.52±5.93mm and 17.96±3.42mm respectively from the lateral edge of clavicle. These distances correlated positively with the length ...
Background: A comparison of the finger and toe ridge patterns can reveal their genetic interdepen... more Background: A comparison of the finger and toe ridge patterns can reveal their genetic interdependence. This cross-sectional study aimed at analyzing and correlating the corresponding finger and toe ridge counts. Materials and Methods: The hands and feet of 100 subjects (50 males and 50 females) from the Anioma tribe of Nigeria were scanned with Hewlett placard G4010 photo scanner following ethical approval. Evaluation of the finger and toe prints was carried out using AutoCAD version 2010. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package of the Social Sciences version 23 and presented using descriptive statistics. Chi-square test was used to test for association between nonparametric variables while Pearson's correlation was used to assess for the relationship between corresponding finger and toe ridge counts. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The predominant finger and toe ridge patterns were loops (73%, 79.7%) followed by arches (18.4%, 15.1%) and...
Diameter of the coronary sinus ostium is important in the designing of cannulation devices used i... more Diameter of the coronary sinus ostium is important in the designing of cannulation devices used in cardiac resynchronization therapy and percutaneous mitral valve annuloplasty. Population variation of the diameter may account for the failure rate of these procedures. Studies of the coronary sinus ostium from African populations are scarce and altogether absent for Kenya. Therefore, this study aimed at determining sex differences in the diameter of coronary sinus ostium and its correlation with the weight of the heart. Seventy-four hearts of adult black Kenyans [43 male, 31 females; age range 20 – 70 years] obtained during autopsy at the Department of Human Anatomy, University of Nairobi, Kenya were weighed. The coronary sinus ostium was identified and its transverse and supero-inferior diameters measured in millimeters. The measurements were analyzed using SPSS version 17. Sex comparison was established using student’s t test. Association between diameter and heart weight was es...
BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE WORK The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a subs... more BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE WORK The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a substantial psychological burden among students. This study aimed at evaluating the impact of the COVID-19 on the mental health of university students and determining the prevalence of anxiety and depression. METHODS This cross-sectional descriptive study utilized an online questionnaire sent to students in the Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University after ethical approval. The Generalized Anxiety and Disorder Scale-7 (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scores were analyzed using the Statistical Package of Social Sciences and expressed using descriptive statistics and percentages. An independent t-test was used to determine the gender differences in the GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scores while Pearson's correlation was used to establish a relationship between these scores with age. RESULTS The 259 respondents comprised 118, 45.6% males and 141, 54.4% females with an ...
International Journal of Forensic Odontology, 2021
Background: The morphometry of the frontal sinus (FS) is important in the diagnosis, surgical tre... more Background: The morphometry of the frontal sinus (FS) is important in the diagnosis, surgical treatment, and follow-up of sinus pathology. It is also reliable in the forensic identification of skeletonized, charred, and dismembered human remains. This study aimed at determining the morphometry of the FS in adult Nigerians. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study used computed tomography images of 292 adult patients aged ≥20 years and archived in the radiology department of a tertiary hospital in Nigeria. Following ethical approval, the dimensions of the FS were measured. The axial and coronal sections were used to measure the thickness of the anterior and posterior walls, the width, depth, the distance between the most lateral points of the FS, height, and distance between the highest points of the FS bilaterally. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software version 23. Paired t-test and independent t-test were used to evaluate for the si...
The pattern of coronary artery atherosclerosis is valuable in informing mitigation strategies for... more The pattern of coronary artery atherosclerosis is valuable in informing mitigation strategies for coronary heart disease. Histomorphological data on this disease among Africans living in Sub Saharan Africa are, however, scarce. The left anterior descending is one of the most commonly afflicted arteries. This study, therefore, examined the left anterior descending artery of 213 black Kenyans [Mean age 36.8 years, range 5 – 82 years] who had died of non cardiovascular causes for features of atherosclerosis. The individuals were divided into male and female, then into 10-yr age groups. Specimens were obtained from the proximal segment of the artery during autopsy at the Department of Human Anatomy University of Nairobi, Kenya. They were processed routinely for paraffin embedding and sectioning. Five micron sections were stained with Haematoxylin/Eosin and Mason’s trichrome and examined with light microscope. Micrographs of representative features were taken using a high resolution digi...
Regional differences in the mural structure of the coronary sinus are important in understanding ... more Regional differences in the mural structure of the coronary sinus are important in understanding its physico-mechanical properties and the basis for extent of atrial fibrillation and ablation. These features are only scarcely reported. This study therefore aimed at describing regional differences in the mural structure of coronary sinus among black Kenyans. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study on coronary sinuses from fifteen hearts obtained during autopsy on adult black Kenyans at the Department of Human Anatomy, University of Nairobi. Five-millimeter-long specimens were taken from the proximal, middle and terminal segments of the coronary sinus and processed routinely for paraffin embedding and sectioning. Seven-micron thick sections were stained with Masson’s Trichrome to demonstrate connective tissue and smooth muscle while Weigert’s Resorcin Fuschin stain was used to demonstrate elastic fibres. The slides were examined with a light microscope and photomicrographs ...
Anatomy of the intracranial part of middle meningeal artery is important during ligation or embol... more Anatomy of the intracranial part of middle meningeal artery is important during ligation or embolization in epidural haematomas, and in surgical approach to the middle cranial fossa. It shows population variations, but reports from African populations are scanty. This study aimed at describing the variant anatomy of intracranial part of middle meningeal artery in a black Kenyan population. One hundred and sixty middle meningeal arteries and grooves from 80 cadaveric cranial cavities of adult black Kenyans obtained from the Department of Human Anatomy, University of Nairobi Kenya were studied. Measurements taken included length of main trunk, horizontal distance from the branching point to a perpendicular line through midpoint of the zygomatic arch, and a horizontal line from the branching point to a perpendicular line through the tip of the tragus. The branching point of all intracranial divisions was anterior to the tragus and in majority of cases (84.9%) posterior to the mid zygom...
Regional differences in the mural structure of the coronary sinus are important in understanding ... more Regional differences in the mural structure of the coronary sinus are important in understanding its physico-mechanical properties and the basis for extent of atrial fibrillation and ablation. These features are only scarcely reported. This study therefore aimed at describing regional differences in the mural structure of coronary sinus among black Kenyans. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study on coronary sinuses from fifteen hearts obtained during autopsy on adult black Kenyans at the Department of Human Anatomy, University of Nairobi. Five-millimeter-long specimens were taken from the proximal, middle and terminal segments of the coronary sinus and processed routinely for paraffin embedding and sectioning. Seven-micron thick sections were stained with Masson’s Trichrome to demonstrate connective tissue and smooth muscle while Weigert’s Resorcin Fuschin stain was used to demonstrate elastic fibres. The slides were examined with a light microscope and photomicrographs ...
Anatomical measurements of the distal clavicle are important in the design of clavicular implants... more Anatomical measurements of the distal clavicle are important in the design of clavicular implants for fixing clavicular fractures and reconstruction of the coraco-clavicular complex in acromio-clavicular joint dislocations. These measurements show population variations however, little data exists from the African population and none for the Kenyan one. One hundred and eighty unpaired dry adult human clavicles were obtained from the Department of Human Anatomy, University of Nairobi. The length of clavicle and distance of conoid and trapezoid tuberosities from the distal end were measured using a ruler. The superoinferior thickness of the distal end was measured using a vernier caliper. The mean clavicle length was 148.57±12.63mm. The left clavicle was longer (150.4mm) than the right one (146.8mm). Conoid tubercle (CT) and trapezoid tuberosity (TT) were 39.52±5.93mm and 17.96±3.42mm respectively from the lateral edge of clavicle. These distances correlated positively with the lengt...
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Papers by beryl ominde