In this paper, a fuzzy logic controller is designed for a DC motor which can be used for navigati... more In this paper, a fuzzy logic controller is designed for a DC motor which can be used for navigation control of mobile robots. These mobile robots can be used for agricultural, defense and assorted social applications. The robots used in these fields can reduce manpower, save human life and can be operated using remote control from a distant place. The developed fuzzy logic controller is used to control navigation speed and steering angle according to the desired reference position. Differential drive is used to control the steering angle and the speed of the robot. Two DC motors are connected with the rear wheels of the robot. They are controlled by a fuzzy logic controller to offer accurate steering angle and the driving speed of the robot. Its location is monitored using GPS (Global Positioning System) on a real time basis. IR sensors in the robot detect obstacles around the robot. The designed fuzzy logic controller has been implemented in a robot, which depicts that the robot could avoid obstacle as well as perform its operation efficiently with remote online control.
International Journal of Control and Automation, 2015
In this paper, a modified form of the most efficient resonant LLC series parallel converter confi... more In this paper, a modified form of the most efficient resonant LLC series parallel converter configuration (SPRC) is proposed. The proposed system comprises of an additional LC circuit synchronized along with the existing resonant tank of LLC configuration (LLC-LC configuration). With the development of power electronics devices, resonant converters have been proved to be more efficient than conventional converters as they employ soft switching technique. Among the three basic configurations of resonant converter, Series Resonant Converter (SRC), Parallel Resonant Converter (PRC) and Series Parallel Resonant Converter, the LLC configuration under SPRC is proved to be most efficient providing narrow switching frequency range for wide range of load variation, improved efficiency and providing ZVS capability even at no load. The modified LLC configuration i.e., LLC-LC configuration offers better efficiency as well as better output voltage and gain. The efficiency tends to increase with increase in input voltage and hence these are suitable for high input voltage operation. In this paper, LLC topology of SPRC and a modified LLC topology (LLC-LC) of SPRC for the closed loop control of a BLDC motor are simulated and their performances are compared and analyzed.
There is a need to protect large wind farms from fault conditions. The paper has a wind turbine g... more There is a need to protect large wind farms from fault conditions. The paper has a wind turbine generator system producing power for single phase loads located at different lengths of the transmission lines. In this paper, initially, over current relay was used to protect the system. Over current relay employs inverse time- current characteristics to perform the tripping operation. Because of relay operation, the current flow is intermittent in the lines. Further studies were done on to limit the fault current magnitude flowing in the circuit. For this purpose, Fault Current Limiter was used. Fault Current Limiter consists of bridge arrangement of diodes and thyristors for normal operation. Anti- parallel arrangement of diodes with thyristors with a reactance limits the fault current magnitude. It was found that by using Fault Current Limiter, the fault current magnitude was reduced by a greater degree.
Indian journal of science and technology, Dec 30, 2016
Here the voltage multiplier technique is used to achieve high voltage gain and voltage stress on ... more Here the voltage multiplier technique is used to achieve high voltage gain and voltage stress on the switch is reduced 10. A coupled inductor with dc-dc converter is modelled by using a new time averaging equivalent circuit, with continuous input and output current waveforms 11. An integrated structure of both coupled inductor and transformer is modelled and designed. Winding currents of coupled inductor and transformers are determined 12. An interleaved double dual boost converter is modelled, to achieve high voltage gain 13. An interleaved boost converter with coupled inductor uses two or more boost converters to increase output power and to reduce ripple 14. High step up dc-dc converter uses a voltage doubler circuit to provide high voltage gain.
ABSTRACT A Multilevel Inverter is a power electronic device built to synthesize a desired AC volt... more ABSTRACT A Multilevel Inverter is a power electronic device built to synthesize a desired AC voltage from several levels of DC voltages. Nowadays, modern industrial devices are mostly based on electronic devices such as programmable logic controllers and electronic drives. The electronic devices are very sensitive to disturbances and become less tolerant to power quality problems such as under voltage and over voltage conditions. In general under voltage and over voltage conditions will occur more at source side. In this paper a closed loop Control system is designed using PI controller in order to maintain load voltage constant for under voltage and Over voltage conditions. The triggering pulses to Cascaded H-Bridge (CHB) MLI is given using multi carrier phase shifted technique and MATLAB simulations have been carried out.
Traditional remedies have gained recognition for their effectiveness in treating various conditio... more Traditional remedies have gained recognition for their effectiveness in treating various conditions such as diabetes, arthritic pain, liver disease, cough and cold, memory enhancement, and immunological stimulation. Their perceived safety has led to the increasing use of herbs by people without prescriptions. These therapies remain significant in areas with limited access to modern drugs or cultural preferences for traditional treatments. With a long history of use, traditional medicines have been the primary method of pain management. This review article explores natural and herb-based analgesics, their origins, and potential benefits, along with the growing scientific evidence supporting their effectiveness. Studies have examined their efficacy in treating musculoskeletal pain, neuropathic pain, and migraines. Rather than being seen as separate therapies, traditional medicines should be considered supplementary or alternative options that can be integrated into comprehensive pain management regimens. However, some studies have reported adverse drug reactions associated with herbal formulations and plants. Therefore, there is a need for pharmacovigilance in traditional medicine to ensure patient safety and promote evidence-based practices. Although pharmacovigilance in this field is still developing, it faces challenges due to the wide availability of herbal medicines without on-site medical supervision. This paper discusses the complex challenges of herbal pharmacovigilance, provides insights on recent advancements, and offers recommendations for improving the safety monitoring of traditional medications in the future.
International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 2017
This paper proposes an ac-dc converter that gives multiple outputs capable of feeding both high a... more This paper proposes an ac-dc converter that gives multiple outputs capable of feeding both high and low power applications. The input ac supply is converted to dc by a diode bridge rectifier, filtered and fed to a modified multiport converter (MPC). This paper focuses on the design of the modified multiport converter that has a cascaded combination of zeta and a buck converter. This is designed as a single input and multiple output converter (SIMO) structure which can operate two loads, one with a high power and other with a low power application, depending on the time instant. The need for opting a multiport converter, reduces the number of switches utilized, thereby reducing the switching losses in the circuit. The zeta in the MPC boosts the input voltage and the buck converter reduces the input voltage and is accordingly fed to the need of the load. The design of the components have been analysed through steady state. MATLAB Simulink has been used to simulate the converter circui...
Here the voltage multiplier technique is used to achieve high voltage gain and voltage stress on ... more Here the voltage multiplier technique is used to achieve high voltage gain and voltage stress on the switch is reduced 10. A coupled inductor with dc-dc converter is modelled by using a new time averaging equivalent circuit, with continuous input and output current waveforms 11. An integrated structure of both coupled inductor and transformer is modelled and designed. Winding currents of coupled inductor and transformers are determined 12. An interleaved double dual boost converter is modelled, to achieve high voltage gain 13. An interleaved boost converter with coupled inductor uses two or more boost converters to increase output power and to reduce ripple 14. High step up dc-dc converter uses a voltage doubler circuit to provide high voltage gain.
ABSTRACT This paper discusses the analytical and simulation analysis of cogging torque in stator ... more ABSTRACT This paper discusses the analytical and simulation analysis of cogging torque in stator tooth of Brushless DC motor (BLDC). Cogging torque causes direct impact on the performance of motor. The various techniques applies in stator tooth, such as Dual bifurcated, Dummy slot and Reduced stator tooth width were analysed and simulated in 2-D Finite Element Analysis (FEA). The analysis of variations in cogging torque, flux density, output power and efficiency for different stator tooth shapes are evaluated and compared.
Nowadays, solar power generation is considered to be better compared to the conventional power ge... more Nowadays, solar power generation is considered to be better compared to the conventional power generation system, because it is clean and does not emit hard gases into the environment. The paper proposes a new topology for photovoltaic DC/DC converter with high gain under wide input voltage range. The topology of open loop and closed loop systems with high gain step-up conversion and step increase in input voltage is proposed. An improved DC to DC boost converter is modeled and simulated using MATLAB, and it is implemented using embedded controller. This converter provides constant output voltage irrespective of the PV panel output and load. The simulation and experimental results of this system are presented. This present converter system has the advantages of high gain and low ripple content with the minimum number of components.
International Review on Modelling and Simulations (IREMOS), 2015
In this work, modelling and analysis of a grid connected distributed sources is discussed to achi... more In this work, modelling and analysis of a grid connected distributed sources is discussed to achieve the desired power sharing amongst them for constant load supply with full utilization of distributed generation and maintaining a constant DC link voltage. The hybrid system in discussion consists of a photovoltaic (PV) array, WES (wind Energy System) and PEMFC (Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell) coupled through a unidirectional boost converter to a DC link. This DC link is further connected to the AC grid through an inverter and a coupling transformer. Two new control modes namely GCM (Grid control Mode) and DGCM (Distributed generation Control Mode) are used in control of the composite system for safe operation in on-grid as well as off-grid mode satisfying voltage and power balance constraints. Different modes of operation have been demonstrated to verify and validate the desired power management amongst the various sources. MATLAB/SIMULINK software is used for simulating the composite model. A laboratory prototype was assembled and tested with an addition of an energy storage medium which is an electro-chemical battery. The results of simulation and prototype were discussed indicating scope for future work.
International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Intelligent Systems (SEISCON 2011), 2011
ABSTRACT A Multilevel Inverter is a power electronic device built to synthesize a desired AC volt... more ABSTRACT A Multilevel Inverter is a power electronic device built to synthesize a desired AC voltage from several levels of DC voltages. Nowadays, modern industrial devices are mostly based on electronic devices such as programmable logic controllers and electronic drives. The electronic devices are very sensitive to disturbances and become less tolerant to power quality problems such as under voltage and over voltage conditions. In general under voltage and over voltage conditions will occur more at source side. In this paper a closed loop Control system is designed using PI controller in order to maintain load voltage constant for under voltage and Over voltage conditions. The triggering pulses to Cascaded H-Bridge (CHB) MLI is given using multi carrier phase shifted technique and MATLAB simulations have been carried out.
International Journal of Computer Applications, 2010
In this paper unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) is being used as a universal active power ... more In this paper unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) is being used as a universal active power conditioning device to mitigate both current as well as voltage harmonics at a distribution end of power system network. The performance of UPQC mainly depends upon how quickly and accurately compensation signals are derived. The steady state and dynamic operation of control circuit in different load current and/or utility voltages conditions is studied through simulation results. The presented method has acceptable dynamic response with a very simple configuration of control circuit. This paper presents performance validation of Current Source Inverter (CSI)-based UPQC using Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) and Results are compared with conventional PID Controller and improvements are observed by FLC. The FLC-based compensation scheme eliminates voltage and current magnitude of harmonics with good dynamic response. Extensive simulation results using Matlab/Simulink for RL load connected through an uncontrolled bridge rectifier validates the performance of FLC compensator.
International Journal of Computer Applications, 2010
An Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) is a typical Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devi... more An Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) is a typical Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) device playing a vital role as a stability aid for large transient disturbances in an interconnected power system.This paper deals with the design of Feedback Linearising Controller (FBLC) for UPFC.The disturbances are created in the SMIB system and the results are simulated.The results proved the supremacy of the Power System Stabilizer (PSS) equipped with FBLC over the PSS equipped with Proportional Integral(PI) controller.
International Journal of Computer and Electrical Engineering, 2010
This paper deals with simulation and implementation of three level inverter based Dynamic Voltage... more This paper deals with simulation and implementation of three level inverter based Dynamic Voltage Restorer(DVR). The control of DVR that injects a voltage in series with a distribution feeder is presented. DVR is a power electronic controller that can protect sensitive loads from disturbances in supply system. DVR can regulate the voltage at the load. Laboratory model is developed and the experimental results are compared with simulation studies.
ABSTRACT The current challenge in the distribution system is regarding the proper placement and s... more ABSTRACT The current challenge in the distribution system is regarding the proper placement and sizing of Distributed Generation (DG) that will further help in extracting their maximum benefits. This paper examines the role of optimal placement and sizing of different DGs based on minimization of power losses and also minimization of total cost of the system. The candidate locations for DG placement are identified based on distribution system load flow. A multi-objective function implementation, based on power loss and cost optimization, is done on radial networks using Genetic Algorithm (GA) and further implemented in MATLAB. It is applied to solar (PV) and wind (WTG) based DG and tested on IEEE 33-bus and IEEE 69-bus systems. The simulation results show the effectiveness and acceptable performance of the discussed method.
In this paper, a fuzzy logic controller is designed for a DC motor which can be used for navigati... more In this paper, a fuzzy logic controller is designed for a DC motor which can be used for navigation control of mobile robots. These mobile robots can be used for agricultural, defense and assorted social applications. The robots used in these fields can reduce manpower, save human life and can be operated using remote control from a distant place. The developed fuzzy logic controller is used to control navigation speed and steering angle according to the desired reference position. Differential drive is used to control the steering angle and the speed of the robot. Two DC motors are connected with the rear wheels of the robot. They are controlled by a fuzzy logic controller to offer accurate steering angle and the driving speed of the robot. Its location is monitored using GPS (Global Positioning System) on a real time basis. IR sensors in the robot detect obstacles around the robot. The designed fuzzy logic controller has been implemented in a robot, which depicts that the robot could avoid obstacle as well as perform its operation efficiently with remote online control.
International Journal of Control and Automation, 2015
In this paper, a modified form of the most efficient resonant LLC series parallel converter confi... more In this paper, a modified form of the most efficient resonant LLC series parallel converter configuration (SPRC) is proposed. The proposed system comprises of an additional LC circuit synchronized along with the existing resonant tank of LLC configuration (LLC-LC configuration). With the development of power electronics devices, resonant converters have been proved to be more efficient than conventional converters as they employ soft switching technique. Among the three basic configurations of resonant converter, Series Resonant Converter (SRC), Parallel Resonant Converter (PRC) and Series Parallel Resonant Converter, the LLC configuration under SPRC is proved to be most efficient providing narrow switching frequency range for wide range of load variation, improved efficiency and providing ZVS capability even at no load. The modified LLC configuration i.e., LLC-LC configuration offers better efficiency as well as better output voltage and gain. The efficiency tends to increase with increase in input voltage and hence these are suitable for high input voltage operation. In this paper, LLC topology of SPRC and a modified LLC topology (LLC-LC) of SPRC for the closed loop control of a BLDC motor are simulated and their performances are compared and analyzed.
There is a need to protect large wind farms from fault conditions. The paper has a wind turbine g... more There is a need to protect large wind farms from fault conditions. The paper has a wind turbine generator system producing power for single phase loads located at different lengths of the transmission lines. In this paper, initially, over current relay was used to protect the system. Over current relay employs inverse time- current characteristics to perform the tripping operation. Because of relay operation, the current flow is intermittent in the lines. Further studies were done on to limit the fault current magnitude flowing in the circuit. For this purpose, Fault Current Limiter was used. Fault Current Limiter consists of bridge arrangement of diodes and thyristors for normal operation. Anti- parallel arrangement of diodes with thyristors with a reactance limits the fault current magnitude. It was found that by using Fault Current Limiter, the fault current magnitude was reduced by a greater degree.
Indian journal of science and technology, Dec 30, 2016
Here the voltage multiplier technique is used to achieve high voltage gain and voltage stress on ... more Here the voltage multiplier technique is used to achieve high voltage gain and voltage stress on the switch is reduced 10. A coupled inductor with dc-dc converter is modelled by using a new time averaging equivalent circuit, with continuous input and output current waveforms 11. An integrated structure of both coupled inductor and transformer is modelled and designed. Winding currents of coupled inductor and transformers are determined 12. An interleaved double dual boost converter is modelled, to achieve high voltage gain 13. An interleaved boost converter with coupled inductor uses two or more boost converters to increase output power and to reduce ripple 14. High step up dc-dc converter uses a voltage doubler circuit to provide high voltage gain.
ABSTRACT A Multilevel Inverter is a power electronic device built to synthesize a desired AC volt... more ABSTRACT A Multilevel Inverter is a power electronic device built to synthesize a desired AC voltage from several levels of DC voltages. Nowadays, modern industrial devices are mostly based on electronic devices such as programmable logic controllers and electronic drives. The electronic devices are very sensitive to disturbances and become less tolerant to power quality problems such as under voltage and over voltage conditions. In general under voltage and over voltage conditions will occur more at source side. In this paper a closed loop Control system is designed using PI controller in order to maintain load voltage constant for under voltage and Over voltage conditions. The triggering pulses to Cascaded H-Bridge (CHB) MLI is given using multi carrier phase shifted technique and MATLAB simulations have been carried out.
Traditional remedies have gained recognition for their effectiveness in treating various conditio... more Traditional remedies have gained recognition for their effectiveness in treating various conditions such as diabetes, arthritic pain, liver disease, cough and cold, memory enhancement, and immunological stimulation. Their perceived safety has led to the increasing use of herbs by people without prescriptions. These therapies remain significant in areas with limited access to modern drugs or cultural preferences for traditional treatments. With a long history of use, traditional medicines have been the primary method of pain management. This review article explores natural and herb-based analgesics, their origins, and potential benefits, along with the growing scientific evidence supporting their effectiveness. Studies have examined their efficacy in treating musculoskeletal pain, neuropathic pain, and migraines. Rather than being seen as separate therapies, traditional medicines should be considered supplementary or alternative options that can be integrated into comprehensive pain management regimens. However, some studies have reported adverse drug reactions associated with herbal formulations and plants. Therefore, there is a need for pharmacovigilance in traditional medicine to ensure patient safety and promote evidence-based practices. Although pharmacovigilance in this field is still developing, it faces challenges due to the wide availability of herbal medicines without on-site medical supervision. This paper discusses the complex challenges of herbal pharmacovigilance, provides insights on recent advancements, and offers recommendations for improving the safety monitoring of traditional medications in the future.
International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 2017
This paper proposes an ac-dc converter that gives multiple outputs capable of feeding both high a... more This paper proposes an ac-dc converter that gives multiple outputs capable of feeding both high and low power applications. The input ac supply is converted to dc by a diode bridge rectifier, filtered and fed to a modified multiport converter (MPC). This paper focuses on the design of the modified multiport converter that has a cascaded combination of zeta and a buck converter. This is designed as a single input and multiple output converter (SIMO) structure which can operate two loads, one with a high power and other with a low power application, depending on the time instant. The need for opting a multiport converter, reduces the number of switches utilized, thereby reducing the switching losses in the circuit. The zeta in the MPC boosts the input voltage and the buck converter reduces the input voltage and is accordingly fed to the need of the load. The design of the components have been analysed through steady state. MATLAB Simulink has been used to simulate the converter circui...
Here the voltage multiplier technique is used to achieve high voltage gain and voltage stress on ... more Here the voltage multiplier technique is used to achieve high voltage gain and voltage stress on the switch is reduced 10. A coupled inductor with dc-dc converter is modelled by using a new time averaging equivalent circuit, with continuous input and output current waveforms 11. An integrated structure of both coupled inductor and transformer is modelled and designed. Winding currents of coupled inductor and transformers are determined 12. An interleaved double dual boost converter is modelled, to achieve high voltage gain 13. An interleaved boost converter with coupled inductor uses two or more boost converters to increase output power and to reduce ripple 14. High step up dc-dc converter uses a voltage doubler circuit to provide high voltage gain.
ABSTRACT This paper discusses the analytical and simulation analysis of cogging torque in stator ... more ABSTRACT This paper discusses the analytical and simulation analysis of cogging torque in stator tooth of Brushless DC motor (BLDC). Cogging torque causes direct impact on the performance of motor. The various techniques applies in stator tooth, such as Dual bifurcated, Dummy slot and Reduced stator tooth width were analysed and simulated in 2-D Finite Element Analysis (FEA). The analysis of variations in cogging torque, flux density, output power and efficiency for different stator tooth shapes are evaluated and compared.
Nowadays, solar power generation is considered to be better compared to the conventional power ge... more Nowadays, solar power generation is considered to be better compared to the conventional power generation system, because it is clean and does not emit hard gases into the environment. The paper proposes a new topology for photovoltaic DC/DC converter with high gain under wide input voltage range. The topology of open loop and closed loop systems with high gain step-up conversion and step increase in input voltage is proposed. An improved DC to DC boost converter is modeled and simulated using MATLAB, and it is implemented using embedded controller. This converter provides constant output voltage irrespective of the PV panel output and load. The simulation and experimental results of this system are presented. This present converter system has the advantages of high gain and low ripple content with the minimum number of components.
International Review on Modelling and Simulations (IREMOS), 2015
In this work, modelling and analysis of a grid connected distributed sources is discussed to achi... more In this work, modelling and analysis of a grid connected distributed sources is discussed to achieve the desired power sharing amongst them for constant load supply with full utilization of distributed generation and maintaining a constant DC link voltage. The hybrid system in discussion consists of a photovoltaic (PV) array, WES (wind Energy System) and PEMFC (Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell) coupled through a unidirectional boost converter to a DC link. This DC link is further connected to the AC grid through an inverter and a coupling transformer. Two new control modes namely GCM (Grid control Mode) and DGCM (Distributed generation Control Mode) are used in control of the composite system for safe operation in on-grid as well as off-grid mode satisfying voltage and power balance constraints. Different modes of operation have been demonstrated to verify and validate the desired power management amongst the various sources. MATLAB/SIMULINK software is used for simulating the composite model. A laboratory prototype was assembled and tested with an addition of an energy storage medium which is an electro-chemical battery. The results of simulation and prototype were discussed indicating scope for future work.
International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Intelligent Systems (SEISCON 2011), 2011
ABSTRACT A Multilevel Inverter is a power electronic device built to synthesize a desired AC volt... more ABSTRACT A Multilevel Inverter is a power electronic device built to synthesize a desired AC voltage from several levels of DC voltages. Nowadays, modern industrial devices are mostly based on electronic devices such as programmable logic controllers and electronic drives. The electronic devices are very sensitive to disturbances and become less tolerant to power quality problems such as under voltage and over voltage conditions. In general under voltage and over voltage conditions will occur more at source side. In this paper a closed loop Control system is designed using PI controller in order to maintain load voltage constant for under voltage and Over voltage conditions. The triggering pulses to Cascaded H-Bridge (CHB) MLI is given using multi carrier phase shifted technique and MATLAB simulations have been carried out.
International Journal of Computer Applications, 2010
In this paper unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) is being used as a universal active power ... more In this paper unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) is being used as a universal active power conditioning device to mitigate both current as well as voltage harmonics at a distribution end of power system network. The performance of UPQC mainly depends upon how quickly and accurately compensation signals are derived. The steady state and dynamic operation of control circuit in different load current and/or utility voltages conditions is studied through simulation results. The presented method has acceptable dynamic response with a very simple configuration of control circuit. This paper presents performance validation of Current Source Inverter (CSI)-based UPQC using Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) and Results are compared with conventional PID Controller and improvements are observed by FLC. The FLC-based compensation scheme eliminates voltage and current magnitude of harmonics with good dynamic response. Extensive simulation results using Matlab/Simulink for RL load connected through an uncontrolled bridge rectifier validates the performance of FLC compensator.
International Journal of Computer Applications, 2010
An Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) is a typical Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devi... more An Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) is a typical Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) device playing a vital role as a stability aid for large transient disturbances in an interconnected power system.This paper deals with the design of Feedback Linearising Controller (FBLC) for UPFC.The disturbances are created in the SMIB system and the results are simulated.The results proved the supremacy of the Power System Stabilizer (PSS) equipped with FBLC over the PSS equipped with Proportional Integral(PI) controller.
International Journal of Computer and Electrical Engineering, 2010
This paper deals with simulation and implementation of three level inverter based Dynamic Voltage... more This paper deals with simulation and implementation of three level inverter based Dynamic Voltage Restorer(DVR). The control of DVR that injects a voltage in series with a distribution feeder is presented. DVR is a power electronic controller that can protect sensitive loads from disturbances in supply system. DVR can regulate the voltage at the load. Laboratory model is developed and the experimental results are compared with simulation studies.
ABSTRACT The current challenge in the distribution system is regarding the proper placement and s... more ABSTRACT The current challenge in the distribution system is regarding the proper placement and sizing of Distributed Generation (DG) that will further help in extracting their maximum benefits. This paper examines the role of optimal placement and sizing of different DGs based on minimization of power losses and also minimization of total cost of the system. The candidate locations for DG placement are identified based on distribution system load flow. A multi-objective function implementation, based on power loss and cost optimization, is done on radial networks using Genetic Algorithm (GA) and further implemented in MATLAB. It is applied to solar (PV) and wind (WTG) based DG and tested on IEEE 33-bus and IEEE 69-bus systems. The simulation results show the effectiveness and acceptable performance of the discussed method.
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