JOURNAL OF MODERN POWER SYSTEMS AND CLEAN ENERGY, 2021
The objective of this study is to develop a wind farm placement and investment methodology based ... more The objective of this study is to develop a wind farm placement and investment methodology based on a linear optimization procedure. This problem has a major significance for the investment success for the projects of renewable energy such as wind power. In this study, a mesoscale approach is adopted whereby the wind farm location is investigated in comparison with a microscale approach where the location of each individual turbine is optimized. Specifical study focuses on the placement of a wind farm by economical optimization constrained by the power system, wind resources, and techno-economics. Linear optimization is introduced in this context at the power system which is constrained by wind farm planning.
This paper aims to select the optimum inverter size for large-scale PV power plants grid-connecte... more This paper aims to select the optimum inverter size for large-scale PV power plants grid-connected based on the optimum combination between PV array and inverter, among several possible combinations. Inverters used in this proposed methodology have high-efficiency conversion in the range of 98.5% which is largely used in real large-scale PV power plants to increase the financial benefits by injecting maximum energy into the grid. To investigate the PV array-inverter sizing ratio, many PV power plants rated power are considered. The proposed method is based on the modelling of several parts of the PV power plant taking into account many design variables and constraints. The objective function is the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) and the optimization is performed by a multi-verse algorithm. The optimization method results in an optimum inverter size that depends on the PV plant rated capacity by providing an optimum number of inverters required in the installation site. The optimum sizing ratio (Rs) between PV array and inverter were found equal to 0.928, 0.904, and 0.871 for 1 MW, 1.5 MW, and more than 2 MW, respectively, whereas the total power losses reached 8% of the total energy generation during the PV power plant operational lifetime.
Photovoltaic (PV) solar energy system converts sunlight to electricity and referred as one of pro... more Photovoltaic (PV) solar energy system converts sunlight to electricity and referred as one of promising system for production of a renewable energy resources. Tilt angle and orientation have important effect on PV output. Positioning of PV system using tilt angle and orientation, therefore, according to path of radiation of sunlight is very critical to obtain more efficient energy conversion from PV panels. In this study, determination of optimum tilt angle and orientation studied for a grid-connected hybrid wind-PV-battery system. Firstly, general calculations of PV completed using a numerical method as follow: annual solar radiation (Wh/m 2), annual energy production using radiation and temperature (Wh/m 2), energy production using radiation, temperature and wind speed (Wh/m 2). Secondly, cost of electricity for a grid-connected wind-PV-battery hybrid systems ($/year) depending on solar radiation, weather conditions and electricity market data were obtained using numerical method. It founded that optimum tilt angle varied between 26°-27° for first three scenario and for the last case is 9°. As for orientation, it changed from south to west for all cases. Moreover, it seems that results of this study might be a reference and preliminary study for scientist and researcher/engineers to simplify designing and evaluating PV system.
With the increasing industrialization in recent history, the need for energy has increased. The i... more With the increasing industrialization in recent history, the need for energy has increased. The importance of renewable energy sources has increased due to the reduction of conventional energy raw materials and the increasing environmental impact. Nowadays, solar energy is one of the most known and preferred renewable energy sources. Photovoltaic (PV) solar panels are used to convert solar energy into electrical energy. The electrical characteristic of a PV cell is generally represented by the current-voltage (I-V) curve. This curve depends on radiation, temperature and other external environment variables. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) methods are used to obtain maximum power under variable external environment conditions. In this study, circuit is designed to monitor I-V and P-V curves and to obtain maximum power of PV modules. Pertubation&Observation (P&O) algorithm was used for MPPT control. The boost type dc-dc converter is preferred in the MPPT circuit. With the help of sensors, the current and voltage values are obtained from the PV modules and transferred to the control board to evaluate and produce of switching signals of converter. Thus, PV module can give maximum power at the different conditions. In addition, current and voltage values which are obtained under different conditions are transferred to personal computer.
In this study, an educational kit was presented for photovoltaic panel education and this simple ... more In this study, an educational kit was presented for photovoltaic panel education and this simple and fast training set enables to show relation between soiling, tilt angle and the power output of photovoltaic panels. The designed training set is low cost and suitable for the use of high school and undergraduate students. The developed training set was used for educational purposes on the students of Hakkari University Colemerik Vocational School, Electrical Program. A questionnaire was conducted to determine the effect of photovoltaic system education on the learning status of students using the designed education set. The results obtained from the survey showed that the designed experiment set was suitable for photovoltaic system education and students because positive feedback was received from the majority of students.
Considering the recent drop (up to 86%) in photovoltaic (PV) module prices from 2010 to 2017, man... more Considering the recent drop (up to 86%) in photovoltaic (PV) module prices from 2010 to 2017, many countries have shown interest in investing in PV plants to meet their energy demand. In this study, a detailed design methodology is presented to achieve high benefits with low installation, maintenance and operation costs of PV plants. This procedure includes in detail the semi-hourly average time meteorological data from the location to maximise the accuracy and detailed characteristics of different PV modules and inverters. The minimum levelised cost of energy (LCOE) and maximum annual energy are the objective functions in this proposed procedure, whereas the design variables are the number of series and parallel PV modules, the number of PV module lines per row, tilt angle and orientation, inter-row space, PV module type, and inverter structure. The design problem was solved using a recent hybrid algorithm, namely, the grey wolf optimiser-sine cosine algorithm. The high performance for LCOE-based design optimisation in economic terms with lower installation, maintenance and operation costs than that resulting from the use of maximum annual energy objective function by 12%. Moreover, sensitivity analysis showed that the PV plant performance can be improved by decreasing the PV module annual reduction coefficient.
The objective of this study is to provide practical pre-processing approaches for entities that a... more The objective of this study is to provide practical pre-processing approaches for entities that are active in wind farm development that needs to define connection areas of busbars for wind power plants. With the increase in the installed capacity of the renewable energy resources, the determination of the power grid connection points has gained importance. Failure to correctly identify the feasible grid connection points extends the timeline of return of investment of the power plants. Wind power plants, which cannot produce efficiently, can also cause problems (voltage drop, frequency deterioration, flicker, increased costs, etc.) on the electrical energy system.
E U R O P E A N C O N F E R E N C E O N S C I E N C E, A R T & C U L T U R E, 2018
Nowadays, life cycle of people based on electrical energy fairly. A secure and reliable supply of... more Nowadays, life cycle of people based on electrical energy fairly. A secure and reliable supply of energy is important for economic stability and even in social life. Increasing human population in the world, rapidly acceleration on industrialization and rising living standards lead to boost electrical energy demand. Energy resources are diversified in order to meet the increasing demand. Uncertainties in oil prices, shortage of fossil fuel reserves and adverse effect of conventional fuels leads to concern on renewable energy as an alternative resource for electricity production. The share of installed hydroelectric power plants capacity 16% of total installed power generating capacity. In this study, micro hydroelectric power plants are analyzed for Hakkari region. The feasibility analysis is performed using twenty river. In addition, geographical location, water flow rate, river width and water head are taken into consideration as input parameters. As a result of the analyses in the Hakkari region, micro hydroelectric power plants are feasible with power range from 0,1 MW to 5,52 MW.
E U R O P E A N C O N F E R E N C E O N S C I E N C E, A R T & C U L T U R E, 2018
Energy is an essential ingredient for economic growth and even in socio-economic development. In ... more Energy is an essential ingredient for economic growth and even in socio-economic development. In developing countries, around 2.6 billion people rely on traditional biomass such as fire wood, charcoal, animal dung and agricultural residues, while 400 million use coal as their primary cooking fuel. Biomass plays an important role in reaching the future renewable energy target of Turkey. In this study, biogas potential of Hakkari region is analyzed. The analysis is performed using cattle population data. Cattle population data is taken from the Hakkari Directorate of Provincial Food, Agricultural and Livestock. Biogas production potential is calculated according to the amount of annual fertilizer of a total of 1000 cattle in settlements close to each other in Hakkari province and districts. The amount of biogas potential is calculated according to accepted rates. In addition, electrical power potential of biogas is calculated considering biogas potential. As a result of the analyses in the Hakkari region, biogas and electrical power from biogas potentials are presented.
4th CONFERENCE ON ADVANCES IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ISTANBUL 2018 – ICAME2018, 2018
In recent years, energy is an essential ingredient for life cycle of people. Continuous and relia... more In recent years, energy is an essential ingredient for life cycle of people. Continuous and reliable supply of energy is important for social life and economic stability. Uncertainties in oil price, rapidly increasing energy demand and environmental concerns lead to boost renewable energy resources. Installation of renewable energy resources in the world are increase rapidly according to increase of energy demand. The energy consumption for lighting is about %20 of the total consumed electrical energy in the world. The amount of energy consumption annually in Turkey is nearly 245 billion kWh so energy saving will be provided significantly thanks to make improvement in the part of lighting systems. Therefore, studies and applications related to energy saving and energy efficiency have become more important day by day. New generation products in parallel with the developing technology are created in lighting and the current lighting systems have been improved. In this study, a case study is presented for energy saving and sustainability by using solar energy in indoor lighting systems. As a result, the case study is described in detail and some measurement values are presented. INTRODUCTION Due to the depletion of fossil fuels worldwide and due to environmental impacts, renewable resource based energy production is rapidly increasing [1]. With the rapid growth of energy demands, solar energy-based electricity generation has become widely used to meet demand [2]. The use of photovoltaic systems in the world and in Turkey from solar energy systems is increasing rapidly. PV systems are systems that convert solar energy into electrical energy. PV system can be installed as grid-connected to supply energy to the grid or as stand-alone to supply energy to the region far from utility grid [3]. The energy consumption for lighting is about %20 of the total consumed electrical energy in the world. The amount of energy consumption annually in Turkey is nearly 245 billion kWh so energy saving will be provided significantly thanks to make improvement in the part of lighting systems. Therefore, studies and applications related to energy saving and energy efficiency have become more important day by day. New generation products in parallel with the developing technology are created in lighting and the current lighting systems have been improved. There are many studies in the literature about this subject. Ekren et. al. realized optimum sizing analyzing for solar-wind-battery hybrid system that would be located in Izmir, Turkey. PV area, turbine swept area and battery capacity were determined as 3.95 m2, 29.4 m2 and 31.92 kWh, respectively [4]. Basaran et. al. presented a study of installed PV panels for building surface lightening [5]. Aktacir et. al. used PV panels for outdoor lightening such as bridge, bus station, pool located in university campus in their study [6]. Cetin et. al. designed data acquisition and control systems for a solar-wind-fuel cell hybrid system [7]. Hakkari region is one of the best location for sunshine duration and solar energy potential in Turkey. However, current conditions prevent solar investors to invest in Hakkari. The main purpose of the proposed project is to meet the energy needs of indoor lighting in public buildings in Hakkari and to increase energy efficiency from solar energy. In this purpose; investigation of the indoor lighting systems used in the region and determining the most suitable lighting systems in terms of existing technologies, establishment of an indoor lighting system
1st INTERNATIONAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY SYMPOSIUM, 2018
Rapid development in the use of wind energy power plants (WEPP) has led to the problem of optimal... more Rapid development in the use of wind energy power plants (WEPP) has led to the problem of optimal wind turbine site-matching. For the solution of wind turbine site-matching problem, there are different criteria such as capacity factor, energy, cost, amortization and productivity, which are used in the previous studies. Using one or a few of these criteria may not give the optimal site matching solution for various sites having different wind profile. In this paper, the above mentioned parameters as well as three methods for the estimation of weibull probability density function parameters are considered for site-matching problem. For this purpose seven different wind turbines are taken into account to solve the site-matching problem for three regions in Turkey. The results show that each site matching criterion may lead to different wind turbine as optimal. Hence the study indicates that all above mentioned parameters should be considered for optimal wind turbine site matching.
In this study, constant-impedance, constant-current and constant-power ZIP models have been analy... more In this study, constant-impedance, constant-current and constant-power ZIP models have been analyzed for residental loads. Measurement based approach has been used to obtain ZIP models of selected loads. The measurement-based approach for load modeling is important because it reflects the real dynamics of the system and represents the load characteristics more accurately. The ZIP model is used to estimate the power drawn by the load depending on the voltage changes. Since the ZIP load model is a well-known model that provides power dependence in terms of the physical sense of voltage, studies are taking place in this area. In this study, the voltage and power values of selected residental loads at YTU Smart Home Laboratory are measured. Then, the ZIP coefficients have been calculated by using the least squares algorithm developed in MATLAB. The measured data is compared with the data from the obtained ZIP model for each appliance.
This study presents a numerical approach to calculate the optimum photovoltaic (PV) tilt angle by... more This study presents a numerical approach to calculate the optimum photovoltaic (PV) tilt angle by considering the three different PV technologies (monocrystalline, polycrystal-line, and thin film). This analysis focuses on determination of optimum tilt angle considering seasonal and yearly solar radiation on a plane (Wh/m 2) and seasonal and yearly energy production (Wh) of PVs. The angle at maximum global radiation and maximum energy output is considered as the optimum tilt angle. It is found that optimum tilt angles obtained by total radiation and total energy output are different from each other considering seasonal and yearly base. Total radiation-based tilt angle results show that the optimum tilt angle is 13 deg in spring, 9 deg in summer, 17 deg in autumn, 12 deg in winter , and 12 deg as yearly. Energy production-based optimum tilt angles vary from 5 deg to 13 deg for monocrystalline, from 11 deg to 15 deg for polycrystalline, and from 12 deg to 25 deg for thin film technology according to seasonal and yearly tilt angle results.
In this paper, soiling factor on PV panel output power and payback time is analyzed. For this pur... more In this paper, soiling factor on PV panel output power and payback time is analyzed. For this purpose a test platform has been designed. This test platform consist of five distinct glasses and a measurement system. Soiling factor impact on PV panel output power has been examined experimentally by using the test platform. In the light of this examinations, construction of solar power plant with 1 MW installed capacity (unlicensed) is evaluated and results are presented briefly.
Energy has became a most important issue in the world. There are lots of research on diversifying... more Energy has became a most important issue in the world. There are lots of research on diversifying the energy sources. Renewable energy is one of the most important alternative among the energy sources. Solar energy is clean, domestic and infinite energy sources. Therefore, PV based energy production is rapidly increasing in the world as well as Turkey. In this study, exergy and energy analysis of stand-alone PV system in Yildiz Technical University Davutpasa Campus area are obtained. Solar radiation, wind speed and ambient temperature are measured and included in this analysis. Detailed energy production model and exergy model of the PV system are used. Comparative analysis of exergy and energy performance of PV system are obtained. As a result of this study, exergy and energy performance of stand-alone PV system presented.
This paper discusses the reliability analysis of a hybrid power system including wind/PV renewabl... more This paper discusses the reliability analysis of a hybrid power system including wind/PV renewable energy sources and battery bank for power supply in Yildiz Technical University (YTU)-Davutpasa Campus. The hybrid system is constructed on the roof of Electrical Engineering Department building. The system includes a wind turbine, PV modules, a hybrid charge regulator, a MPPT charge controller, an inverter, battery group and loads. Hybrid system combines several renewable energy sources together, therefore it can achieve high reliable indices rather than a PV/battery system or a wind/battery system. But control strategies of the controller is one of the most imported parameters for reliable operation of wind/PV hybrid system. In this study, the reliability analysis of a wind/PV/battery hybrid system, PV/battery system, wind/battery system are conducted by combining power outputs of the wind turbine and PV modules with battery to obtain reliability indices (LOLE, LOEE, Availability etc.). Also, the influence of two different charge controllers on system performance and reliability indices is presented. The obtained experimental results are examined and presented.
This analysis consider the effect of azimuth angle
of fixed photovoltaic (PV) system on energy ge... more This analysis consider the effect of azimuth angle of fixed photovoltaic (PV) system on energy generation of PV system. Detailed PV production model, including effect of solar radiation, temperature and wind speed, was used to calculate output of PV array for different azimuth angles of PV array. For determination of economic value of the PV produced power, daily electricity price variation of Turkey was also considered. A comparison between the produced power and economic value of produced power of different azimuth angle was performed. The results obtained from comparison are presented and discussed.
Photovoltaic (PV) systems are considered as a support unit and eco-friendly energy source for the... more Photovoltaic (PV) systems are considered as a support unit and eco-friendly energy source for the electric vehicles. If the surface of the electric vehicle is covered by PV cells, it is possible to store considerable amount of energy in the battery system. In this study, different maximum power point trackers (MPPT) with different maximum power point (MPP) tracking algorithms have been tested on a PV structure moving according to a predefined motion loop. Compatibility of each algorithm to moving systems, such as electric vehicles, is presented in a real experimental environment. As a result of these experiments, positive factors in each algorithm have been defined and a new MPP tracking algorithm convenient for moving vehicle has been proposed. The proposed MPPT algorithm shows a better performance than other MPPT algorithms under fast varying radiations. However, proposed algorithm brings slightly higher costs compared to usage of other MPPT algorithms since it requires the measurement of solar irradiance. The developed algorithm is described in detail and comparative analysis and performance evaluation with other algorithms are presented.
LEDs are used in many areas today. Street lighting
is one of them and high-power LEDs are utilize... more LEDs are used in many areas today. Street lighting is one of them and high-power LEDs are utilized in this area. Electrical energy is converted into light with an efficiency in 10- 25% range. The rest is converted into heat. The generated heat is largely caused from LED chip. Furthermore, Driver circuit would also causes heat rise. Removing of this heat from the system is important in order to LED system efficiency because increasing of temperature causes a reduction of luminous flux. Excellent thermal management plays a significant role in terms of efficiency, reliability and durability. In this study, losses are caused from the LED chip and the heat sink which are part of the LED lighting systems are examined. These elements are thermally analyzed. The impacts of these losses on efficiency will be presented.
The sun is an infinite source of energy. Thanks to solar energy
systems that have a great importa... more The sun is an infinite source of energy. Thanks to solar energy systems that have a great importance in renewable energy systems, clean and sustainable energy can be produced. Research and projects on solar energy systems is of great importance. Whit this work, photovoltaic panels that make up the solar energy systems technologies are researched and mono-crystalline photovoltaic panels are modelled in Matlab/Simulink to using using in real life applications. This model was verified by using data from the real environment. The obtained measured values are compared with the output datas and the accuracy of the model is determined. We can say, the model is suitable for use in research and project feasibility studies due to the model outputs are very close to the measured values.
JOURNAL OF MODERN POWER SYSTEMS AND CLEAN ENERGY, 2021
The objective of this study is to develop a wind farm placement and investment methodology based ... more The objective of this study is to develop a wind farm placement and investment methodology based on a linear optimization procedure. This problem has a major significance for the investment success for the projects of renewable energy such as wind power. In this study, a mesoscale approach is adopted whereby the wind farm location is investigated in comparison with a microscale approach where the location of each individual turbine is optimized. Specifical study focuses on the placement of a wind farm by economical optimization constrained by the power system, wind resources, and techno-economics. Linear optimization is introduced in this context at the power system which is constrained by wind farm planning.
This paper aims to select the optimum inverter size for large-scale PV power plants grid-connecte... more This paper aims to select the optimum inverter size for large-scale PV power plants grid-connected based on the optimum combination between PV array and inverter, among several possible combinations. Inverters used in this proposed methodology have high-efficiency conversion in the range of 98.5% which is largely used in real large-scale PV power plants to increase the financial benefits by injecting maximum energy into the grid. To investigate the PV array-inverter sizing ratio, many PV power plants rated power are considered. The proposed method is based on the modelling of several parts of the PV power plant taking into account many design variables and constraints. The objective function is the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) and the optimization is performed by a multi-verse algorithm. The optimization method results in an optimum inverter size that depends on the PV plant rated capacity by providing an optimum number of inverters required in the installation site. The optimum sizing ratio (Rs) between PV array and inverter were found equal to 0.928, 0.904, and 0.871 for 1 MW, 1.5 MW, and more than 2 MW, respectively, whereas the total power losses reached 8% of the total energy generation during the PV power plant operational lifetime.
Photovoltaic (PV) solar energy system converts sunlight to electricity and referred as one of pro... more Photovoltaic (PV) solar energy system converts sunlight to electricity and referred as one of promising system for production of a renewable energy resources. Tilt angle and orientation have important effect on PV output. Positioning of PV system using tilt angle and orientation, therefore, according to path of radiation of sunlight is very critical to obtain more efficient energy conversion from PV panels. In this study, determination of optimum tilt angle and orientation studied for a grid-connected hybrid wind-PV-battery system. Firstly, general calculations of PV completed using a numerical method as follow: annual solar radiation (Wh/m 2), annual energy production using radiation and temperature (Wh/m 2), energy production using radiation, temperature and wind speed (Wh/m 2). Secondly, cost of electricity for a grid-connected wind-PV-battery hybrid systems ($/year) depending on solar radiation, weather conditions and electricity market data were obtained using numerical method. It founded that optimum tilt angle varied between 26°-27° for first three scenario and for the last case is 9°. As for orientation, it changed from south to west for all cases. Moreover, it seems that results of this study might be a reference and preliminary study for scientist and researcher/engineers to simplify designing and evaluating PV system.
With the increasing industrialization in recent history, the need for energy has increased. The i... more With the increasing industrialization in recent history, the need for energy has increased. The importance of renewable energy sources has increased due to the reduction of conventional energy raw materials and the increasing environmental impact. Nowadays, solar energy is one of the most known and preferred renewable energy sources. Photovoltaic (PV) solar panels are used to convert solar energy into electrical energy. The electrical characteristic of a PV cell is generally represented by the current-voltage (I-V) curve. This curve depends on radiation, temperature and other external environment variables. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) methods are used to obtain maximum power under variable external environment conditions. In this study, circuit is designed to monitor I-V and P-V curves and to obtain maximum power of PV modules. Pertubation&Observation (P&O) algorithm was used for MPPT control. The boost type dc-dc converter is preferred in the MPPT circuit. With the help of sensors, the current and voltage values are obtained from the PV modules and transferred to the control board to evaluate and produce of switching signals of converter. Thus, PV module can give maximum power at the different conditions. In addition, current and voltage values which are obtained under different conditions are transferred to personal computer.
In this study, an educational kit was presented for photovoltaic panel education and this simple ... more In this study, an educational kit was presented for photovoltaic panel education and this simple and fast training set enables to show relation between soiling, tilt angle and the power output of photovoltaic panels. The designed training set is low cost and suitable for the use of high school and undergraduate students. The developed training set was used for educational purposes on the students of Hakkari University Colemerik Vocational School, Electrical Program. A questionnaire was conducted to determine the effect of photovoltaic system education on the learning status of students using the designed education set. The results obtained from the survey showed that the designed experiment set was suitable for photovoltaic system education and students because positive feedback was received from the majority of students.
Considering the recent drop (up to 86%) in photovoltaic (PV) module prices from 2010 to 2017, man... more Considering the recent drop (up to 86%) in photovoltaic (PV) module prices from 2010 to 2017, many countries have shown interest in investing in PV plants to meet their energy demand. In this study, a detailed design methodology is presented to achieve high benefits with low installation, maintenance and operation costs of PV plants. This procedure includes in detail the semi-hourly average time meteorological data from the location to maximise the accuracy and detailed characteristics of different PV modules and inverters. The minimum levelised cost of energy (LCOE) and maximum annual energy are the objective functions in this proposed procedure, whereas the design variables are the number of series and parallel PV modules, the number of PV module lines per row, tilt angle and orientation, inter-row space, PV module type, and inverter structure. The design problem was solved using a recent hybrid algorithm, namely, the grey wolf optimiser-sine cosine algorithm. The high performance for LCOE-based design optimisation in economic terms with lower installation, maintenance and operation costs than that resulting from the use of maximum annual energy objective function by 12%. Moreover, sensitivity analysis showed that the PV plant performance can be improved by decreasing the PV module annual reduction coefficient.
The objective of this study is to provide practical pre-processing approaches for entities that a... more The objective of this study is to provide practical pre-processing approaches for entities that are active in wind farm development that needs to define connection areas of busbars for wind power plants. With the increase in the installed capacity of the renewable energy resources, the determination of the power grid connection points has gained importance. Failure to correctly identify the feasible grid connection points extends the timeline of return of investment of the power plants. Wind power plants, which cannot produce efficiently, can also cause problems (voltage drop, frequency deterioration, flicker, increased costs, etc.) on the electrical energy system.
E U R O P E A N C O N F E R E N C E O N S C I E N C E, A R T & C U L T U R E, 2018
Nowadays, life cycle of people based on electrical energy fairly. A secure and reliable supply of... more Nowadays, life cycle of people based on electrical energy fairly. A secure and reliable supply of energy is important for economic stability and even in social life. Increasing human population in the world, rapidly acceleration on industrialization and rising living standards lead to boost electrical energy demand. Energy resources are diversified in order to meet the increasing demand. Uncertainties in oil prices, shortage of fossil fuel reserves and adverse effect of conventional fuels leads to concern on renewable energy as an alternative resource for electricity production. The share of installed hydroelectric power plants capacity 16% of total installed power generating capacity. In this study, micro hydroelectric power plants are analyzed for Hakkari region. The feasibility analysis is performed using twenty river. In addition, geographical location, water flow rate, river width and water head are taken into consideration as input parameters. As a result of the analyses in the Hakkari region, micro hydroelectric power plants are feasible with power range from 0,1 MW to 5,52 MW.
E U R O P E A N C O N F E R E N C E O N S C I E N C E, A R T & C U L T U R E, 2018
Energy is an essential ingredient for economic growth and even in socio-economic development. In ... more Energy is an essential ingredient for economic growth and even in socio-economic development. In developing countries, around 2.6 billion people rely on traditional biomass such as fire wood, charcoal, animal dung and agricultural residues, while 400 million use coal as their primary cooking fuel. Biomass plays an important role in reaching the future renewable energy target of Turkey. In this study, biogas potential of Hakkari region is analyzed. The analysis is performed using cattle population data. Cattle population data is taken from the Hakkari Directorate of Provincial Food, Agricultural and Livestock. Biogas production potential is calculated according to the amount of annual fertilizer of a total of 1000 cattle in settlements close to each other in Hakkari province and districts. The amount of biogas potential is calculated according to accepted rates. In addition, electrical power potential of biogas is calculated considering biogas potential. As a result of the analyses in the Hakkari region, biogas and electrical power from biogas potentials are presented.
4th CONFERENCE ON ADVANCES IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ISTANBUL 2018 – ICAME2018, 2018
In recent years, energy is an essential ingredient for life cycle of people. Continuous and relia... more In recent years, energy is an essential ingredient for life cycle of people. Continuous and reliable supply of energy is important for social life and economic stability. Uncertainties in oil price, rapidly increasing energy demand and environmental concerns lead to boost renewable energy resources. Installation of renewable energy resources in the world are increase rapidly according to increase of energy demand. The energy consumption for lighting is about %20 of the total consumed electrical energy in the world. The amount of energy consumption annually in Turkey is nearly 245 billion kWh so energy saving will be provided significantly thanks to make improvement in the part of lighting systems. Therefore, studies and applications related to energy saving and energy efficiency have become more important day by day. New generation products in parallel with the developing technology are created in lighting and the current lighting systems have been improved. In this study, a case study is presented for energy saving and sustainability by using solar energy in indoor lighting systems. As a result, the case study is described in detail and some measurement values are presented. INTRODUCTION Due to the depletion of fossil fuels worldwide and due to environmental impacts, renewable resource based energy production is rapidly increasing [1]. With the rapid growth of energy demands, solar energy-based electricity generation has become widely used to meet demand [2]. The use of photovoltaic systems in the world and in Turkey from solar energy systems is increasing rapidly. PV systems are systems that convert solar energy into electrical energy. PV system can be installed as grid-connected to supply energy to the grid or as stand-alone to supply energy to the region far from utility grid [3]. The energy consumption for lighting is about %20 of the total consumed electrical energy in the world. The amount of energy consumption annually in Turkey is nearly 245 billion kWh so energy saving will be provided significantly thanks to make improvement in the part of lighting systems. Therefore, studies and applications related to energy saving and energy efficiency have become more important day by day. New generation products in parallel with the developing technology are created in lighting and the current lighting systems have been improved. There are many studies in the literature about this subject. Ekren et. al. realized optimum sizing analyzing for solar-wind-battery hybrid system that would be located in Izmir, Turkey. PV area, turbine swept area and battery capacity were determined as 3.95 m2, 29.4 m2 and 31.92 kWh, respectively [4]. Basaran et. al. presented a study of installed PV panels for building surface lightening [5]. Aktacir et. al. used PV panels for outdoor lightening such as bridge, bus station, pool located in university campus in their study [6]. Cetin et. al. designed data acquisition and control systems for a solar-wind-fuel cell hybrid system [7]. Hakkari region is one of the best location for sunshine duration and solar energy potential in Turkey. However, current conditions prevent solar investors to invest in Hakkari. The main purpose of the proposed project is to meet the energy needs of indoor lighting in public buildings in Hakkari and to increase energy efficiency from solar energy. In this purpose; investigation of the indoor lighting systems used in the region and determining the most suitable lighting systems in terms of existing technologies, establishment of an indoor lighting system
1st INTERNATIONAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY SYMPOSIUM, 2018
Rapid development in the use of wind energy power plants (WEPP) has led to the problem of optimal... more Rapid development in the use of wind energy power plants (WEPP) has led to the problem of optimal wind turbine site-matching. For the solution of wind turbine site-matching problem, there are different criteria such as capacity factor, energy, cost, amortization and productivity, which are used in the previous studies. Using one or a few of these criteria may not give the optimal site matching solution for various sites having different wind profile. In this paper, the above mentioned parameters as well as three methods for the estimation of weibull probability density function parameters are considered for site-matching problem. For this purpose seven different wind turbines are taken into account to solve the site-matching problem for three regions in Turkey. The results show that each site matching criterion may lead to different wind turbine as optimal. Hence the study indicates that all above mentioned parameters should be considered for optimal wind turbine site matching.
In this study, constant-impedance, constant-current and constant-power ZIP models have been analy... more In this study, constant-impedance, constant-current and constant-power ZIP models have been analyzed for residental loads. Measurement based approach has been used to obtain ZIP models of selected loads. The measurement-based approach for load modeling is important because it reflects the real dynamics of the system and represents the load characteristics more accurately. The ZIP model is used to estimate the power drawn by the load depending on the voltage changes. Since the ZIP load model is a well-known model that provides power dependence in terms of the physical sense of voltage, studies are taking place in this area. In this study, the voltage and power values of selected residental loads at YTU Smart Home Laboratory are measured. Then, the ZIP coefficients have been calculated by using the least squares algorithm developed in MATLAB. The measured data is compared with the data from the obtained ZIP model for each appliance.
This study presents a numerical approach to calculate the optimum photovoltaic (PV) tilt angle by... more This study presents a numerical approach to calculate the optimum photovoltaic (PV) tilt angle by considering the three different PV technologies (monocrystalline, polycrystal-line, and thin film). This analysis focuses on determination of optimum tilt angle considering seasonal and yearly solar radiation on a plane (Wh/m 2) and seasonal and yearly energy production (Wh) of PVs. The angle at maximum global radiation and maximum energy output is considered as the optimum tilt angle. It is found that optimum tilt angles obtained by total radiation and total energy output are different from each other considering seasonal and yearly base. Total radiation-based tilt angle results show that the optimum tilt angle is 13 deg in spring, 9 deg in summer, 17 deg in autumn, 12 deg in winter , and 12 deg as yearly. Energy production-based optimum tilt angles vary from 5 deg to 13 deg for monocrystalline, from 11 deg to 15 deg for polycrystalline, and from 12 deg to 25 deg for thin film technology according to seasonal and yearly tilt angle results.
In this paper, soiling factor on PV panel output power and payback time is analyzed. For this pur... more In this paper, soiling factor on PV panel output power and payback time is analyzed. For this purpose a test platform has been designed. This test platform consist of five distinct glasses and a measurement system. Soiling factor impact on PV panel output power has been examined experimentally by using the test platform. In the light of this examinations, construction of solar power plant with 1 MW installed capacity (unlicensed) is evaluated and results are presented briefly.
Energy has became a most important issue in the world. There are lots of research on diversifying... more Energy has became a most important issue in the world. There are lots of research on diversifying the energy sources. Renewable energy is one of the most important alternative among the energy sources. Solar energy is clean, domestic and infinite energy sources. Therefore, PV based energy production is rapidly increasing in the world as well as Turkey. In this study, exergy and energy analysis of stand-alone PV system in Yildiz Technical University Davutpasa Campus area are obtained. Solar radiation, wind speed and ambient temperature are measured and included in this analysis. Detailed energy production model and exergy model of the PV system are used. Comparative analysis of exergy and energy performance of PV system are obtained. As a result of this study, exergy and energy performance of stand-alone PV system presented.
This paper discusses the reliability analysis of a hybrid power system including wind/PV renewabl... more This paper discusses the reliability analysis of a hybrid power system including wind/PV renewable energy sources and battery bank for power supply in Yildiz Technical University (YTU)-Davutpasa Campus. The hybrid system is constructed on the roof of Electrical Engineering Department building. The system includes a wind turbine, PV modules, a hybrid charge regulator, a MPPT charge controller, an inverter, battery group and loads. Hybrid system combines several renewable energy sources together, therefore it can achieve high reliable indices rather than a PV/battery system or a wind/battery system. But control strategies of the controller is one of the most imported parameters for reliable operation of wind/PV hybrid system. In this study, the reliability analysis of a wind/PV/battery hybrid system, PV/battery system, wind/battery system are conducted by combining power outputs of the wind turbine and PV modules with battery to obtain reliability indices (LOLE, LOEE, Availability etc.). Also, the influence of two different charge controllers on system performance and reliability indices is presented. The obtained experimental results are examined and presented.
This analysis consider the effect of azimuth angle
of fixed photovoltaic (PV) system on energy ge... more This analysis consider the effect of azimuth angle of fixed photovoltaic (PV) system on energy generation of PV system. Detailed PV production model, including effect of solar radiation, temperature and wind speed, was used to calculate output of PV array for different azimuth angles of PV array. For determination of economic value of the PV produced power, daily electricity price variation of Turkey was also considered. A comparison between the produced power and economic value of produced power of different azimuth angle was performed. The results obtained from comparison are presented and discussed.
Photovoltaic (PV) systems are considered as a support unit and eco-friendly energy source for the... more Photovoltaic (PV) systems are considered as a support unit and eco-friendly energy source for the electric vehicles. If the surface of the electric vehicle is covered by PV cells, it is possible to store considerable amount of energy in the battery system. In this study, different maximum power point trackers (MPPT) with different maximum power point (MPP) tracking algorithms have been tested on a PV structure moving according to a predefined motion loop. Compatibility of each algorithm to moving systems, such as electric vehicles, is presented in a real experimental environment. As a result of these experiments, positive factors in each algorithm have been defined and a new MPP tracking algorithm convenient for moving vehicle has been proposed. The proposed MPPT algorithm shows a better performance than other MPPT algorithms under fast varying radiations. However, proposed algorithm brings slightly higher costs compared to usage of other MPPT algorithms since it requires the measurement of solar irradiance. The developed algorithm is described in detail and comparative analysis and performance evaluation with other algorithms are presented.
LEDs are used in many areas today. Street lighting
is one of them and high-power LEDs are utilize... more LEDs are used in many areas today. Street lighting is one of them and high-power LEDs are utilized in this area. Electrical energy is converted into light with an efficiency in 10- 25% range. The rest is converted into heat. The generated heat is largely caused from LED chip. Furthermore, Driver circuit would also causes heat rise. Removing of this heat from the system is important in order to LED system efficiency because increasing of temperature causes a reduction of luminous flux. Excellent thermal management plays a significant role in terms of efficiency, reliability and durability. In this study, losses are caused from the LED chip and the heat sink which are part of the LED lighting systems are examined. These elements are thermally analyzed. The impacts of these losses on efficiency will be presented.
The sun is an infinite source of energy. Thanks to solar energy
systems that have a great importa... more The sun is an infinite source of energy. Thanks to solar energy systems that have a great importance in renewable energy systems, clean and sustainable energy can be produced. Research and projects on solar energy systems is of great importance. Whit this work, photovoltaic panels that make up the solar energy systems technologies are researched and mono-crystalline photovoltaic panels are modelled in Matlab/Simulink to using using in real life applications. This model was verified by using data from the real environment. The obtained measured values are compared with the output datas and the accuracy of the model is determined. We can say, the model is suitable for use in research and project feasibility studies due to the model outputs are very close to the measured values.
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Papers by Ali Durusu
of fixed photovoltaic (PV) system on energy generation of PV
system. Detailed PV production model, including effect of solar
radiation, temperature and wind speed, was used to calculate
output of PV array for different azimuth angles of PV array.
For determination of economic value of the PV produced
power, daily electricity price variation of Turkey was also
considered. A comparison between the produced power and
economic value of produced power of different azimuth angle
was performed. The results obtained from comparison are
presented and discussed.
is one of them and high-power LEDs are utilized in this area.
Electrical energy is converted into light with an efficiency in 10-
25% range. The rest is converted into heat. The generated heat
is largely caused from LED chip. Furthermore, Driver circuit
would also causes heat rise. Removing of this heat from the
system is important in order to LED system efficiency because
increasing of temperature causes a reduction of luminous flux.
Excellent thermal management plays a significant role in terms
of efficiency, reliability and durability. In this study, losses are
caused from the LED chip and the heat sink which are part
of the LED lighting systems are examined. These elements are
thermally analyzed. The impacts of these losses on efficiency will be presented.
systems that have a great importance in renewable energy
systems, clean and sustainable energy can be produced.
Research and projects on solar energy systems is of great
importance. Whit this work, photovoltaic panels that make up
the solar energy systems technologies are researched and
mono-crystalline photovoltaic panels are modelled in
Matlab/Simulink to using using in real life applications. This
model was verified by using data from the real environment.
The obtained measured values are compared with the output
datas and the accuracy of the model is determined. We can
say, the model is suitable for use in research and project
feasibility studies due to the model outputs are very close to
the measured values.
of fixed photovoltaic (PV) system on energy generation of PV
system. Detailed PV production model, including effect of solar
radiation, temperature and wind speed, was used to calculate
output of PV array for different azimuth angles of PV array.
For determination of economic value of the PV produced
power, daily electricity price variation of Turkey was also
considered. A comparison between the produced power and
economic value of produced power of different azimuth angle
was performed. The results obtained from comparison are
presented and discussed.
is one of them and high-power LEDs are utilized in this area.
Electrical energy is converted into light with an efficiency in 10-
25% range. The rest is converted into heat. The generated heat
is largely caused from LED chip. Furthermore, Driver circuit
would also causes heat rise. Removing of this heat from the
system is important in order to LED system efficiency because
increasing of temperature causes a reduction of luminous flux.
Excellent thermal management plays a significant role in terms
of efficiency, reliability and durability. In this study, losses are
caused from the LED chip and the heat sink which are part
of the LED lighting systems are examined. These elements are
thermally analyzed. The impacts of these losses on efficiency will be presented.
systems that have a great importance in renewable energy
systems, clean and sustainable energy can be produced.
Research and projects on solar energy systems is of great
importance. Whit this work, photovoltaic panels that make up
the solar energy systems technologies are researched and
mono-crystalline photovoltaic panels are modelled in
Matlab/Simulink to using using in real life applications. This
model was verified by using data from the real environment.
The obtained measured values are compared with the output
datas and the accuracy of the model is determined. We can
say, the model is suitable for use in research and project
feasibility studies due to the model outputs are very close to
the measured values.