1900 in science
From Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core
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The year 1900 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Contents
Aeronautics
- July 2 – The first airship flight is made by the LZ1 designed by Ferdinand von Zeppelin.
Chemistry
- Johannes Rydberg refines the expression for observed hydrogen line wavelengths.
Earth sciences
- Richard Dixon Oldham distinguishes between primary, secondary and tertiary waveforms as recorded by seismometers.[1]
Exploration
- American explorer Robert Peary first sights Kaffeklubben Island, the northernmost point of land on Earth.
Genetics
- Hugo de Vries publishes the results of his experiments in Mendelian inheritance.[2]
Mathematics
- David Hilbert states his list of 23 problems which show where some further mathematical work is needed.
- Russell's paradox is first discovered by Ernst Zermelo but he does not publish it, and it is known only to Hilbert, Husserl and other members of the University of Göttingen.
- Gaston Tarry confirms Euler's conjecture that no 6×6 orthogonal Graeco-Latin square is possible.[3][4][5][6]
- Alfred Young introduces the Young tableau.
Photography
- Kodak introduce their first Brownie (camera).
Physics
- April 26 – Guglielmo Marconi patents the tuned circuit.
- December 7 – Max Planck states his quantum hypothesis and law of black body radiation, marking the birth of quantum physics.
- December 23 – Reginald Fessenden, experimenting with a high-frequency spark transmitter, successfully transmits speech over a distance of about 1.6 kilometers (one mile), from Cobb Island, Maryland, which appears to have been the first audio radio transmission.
- Gamma rays discovered by Paul Villard while studying uranium decay.
Physiology
- Karl Landsteiner makes the first discovery of blood types, identifying the ABO blood group system.[7]
- Jokichi Takamine and Keizo Uenaka discover adrenaline.[8][9]
Psychology
- Sigmund Freud's Die Traumdeutung (The Interpretation of Dreams) is published.
Zoology
- Richard J. Ussher and Robert Warren publish The Birds of Ireland.[10]
Births
- March 9 – Howard Aiken (died 1973), computing pioneer.
- March 19 – Frédéric Joliot (died 1958), physicist.
- April 25 – Wolfgang Ernst Pauli (died 1958), physicist.
- April 26 – Charles Richter (died 1985), geophysicist and inventor.
- April 28 – Jan Oort (died 1992), astronomer.
- May 22 – Honor Fell (died 1986), biologist.
- July 9 – Frances McConnell-Mills, born Frances Mary McConnell (died 1975), toxicologist.
- August 25 – Hans Adolf Krebs (died 1981), medical doctor and biochemist.
- August 26 – Hellmuth Walter (died 1980), engineer and inventor.
- December 9 – Joseph Needham (died 1995), biochemist and writer on the history of science and technology in China.
- Ernest Gibbins (killed 1942), entomologist.
Deaths
- January 13 – Peter Waage (born 1833), Norwegian chemist.
- January 22 – David E. Hughes (born 1831), British-American inventor.
- March 6 – Gottlieb Daimler (born 1834), German engineer, automotive pioneer.
- March 10 – George James Symons (died 1838), English meteorologist.
- April 1 – George Jackson Mivart (born 1827), English biologist.
- October 16 – Henry Acland (born 1815), English physician.
References
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