Antoine Philippe, Duke of Montpensier

Not to be confused with Antoine, Duke of Montpensier.

The Duc de Montpensier, in the uniform of a lieutenant-colonel, as adjutant general—portrait by Amédée Faure (Versailles, Musée national des Châteaux et Trianons)

Louis Antoine Philippe d'Orléans, Duke of Montpensier (3 July 1775, Palais-Royal, Paris - 18 May 1807, Salthill, England) was a son of Louis Philippe, Duke of Orléans (nom de rėvolution: "Philippe Égalité") (1747–1793), and his duchess Louise Marie Adélaïde de Bourbon, Duchess of Orléans. He was the younger brother of Louis Philippe, later King of the French. Antoine had a deep affection for him, and they were only ever separated during the Reign of Terror and the events that followed between 1793 and 1797.

Life

In 1791, Antoine Philippe was appointed an aide-de-camp, with the rank of sous-lieutenant in his brother's regiment (his brother, then duc de Chartres, was known as "Général Égalité.") He was made adjutant-general before the battle of Jemmapes, in which both he and his brother fought. In Paris at the time of the trial of Louis XVI, Antoine Philippe attempted unsuccessfully to persuade his father not to vote for the king's death.

In April 1793, whilst adjutant-general in the armée du Var, Antoine Philippe was arrested at the same time as the other Bourbons who had remained in France. He was imprisoned in Fort Saint-Jean at Marseille.

During his imprisonment, Antoine Philippe contracted the tuberculosis that eventually killed him. He also had an illegitimate child with Françoise Barbaroux — a son called Jean-Antoine-Philippe Dentend (7 July 1797 – 5 March 1858)—who became notary to the house of Orléans and in that role oversaw Louis Philippe's donation of his personal property in 1830 before his accession. Antoine never saw his child; on 13 fructidor year IV (30 August 1796), the French Directory decided to exile him to Philadelphia, where the French Republic's chargé-d'affaires in the United States of America granted him an annual pension of 15,000 francs. He set out on 5 November 1796, accompanied by his brother Louis Charles, comte de Beaujolais, and in February 1797 met Louis-Philippe in Philadelphia. For two years they travelled around New England, in the Great Lakes and Mississippi area.

Effigy set up by Adélaïde d'Orléans (1777–1847) on the Domaine royal de Randan

Returning to Europe in 1800, the royal House of Bourbon was still in exile from France, so the brothers set up in England at Twickenham (Highshot House, Crown Road, building demolished in 1927). Later that year Antoine Philippe resolved to seek the hand in marriage of Lady Charlotte Adelaide Constantia Rawdon (d. 1834), daughter of the 1st Earl of Moira by his third wife, Elizabeth Hastings, 16th Baroness Botreaux (daughter of the 9th Earl of Huntingdon by his wife, Lady Selena Shirley, founder of the Countess of Huntingdon's Connexion). Despite her noble lineage, authorisation for the marriage was withheld by Louis, Count of Provence (the future King Louis XVIII), and the couple never wed.

In 1807 Antoine Philippe's pulmonary tuberculosis worsened. His elder brother wanted to take him to Devon to benefit from the fresh air but, twelve miles out of Twickenham, they had to stop at an inn at Salthill (near Windsor). Having a respiratory crisis, Antoine Philippe refused the ether Louis-Philippe wanted to administer and, murmuring to him "Give me your hand, I thought I was dying" ("Donne-moi ta main, j'ai cru que je mourais"), expired.

Louis Philippe had a funeral service held at the Catholic chapel on King Street in London, which Monsieur (the future King Charles X) attended and, thanks to Prince Edward, Duke of Kent, obtained permission to bury his brother in Westminster Abbey.

Works

• Relation de la captivité de S.A.S. Monsignor le duc de Montpensier, pendant les années 1793, 1794, 1795 et 1796, écrite par lui-même, Twickenham, Imprimerie de G. White, 1816
• Mémoires de S.A.S. Louis-Antoine-Philippe d'Orléans, duc de Montpensier, Paris, Baudouin frères, 1824 – text on www.gallica.fr

Ancestors

Family of Antoine Philippe, Duke of Montpensier

16. Philippe II, Duke of Orléans               8. Louis d'Orléans, Duke of Orléans                       17. Françoise-Marie de Bourbon               4. Louis Philippe I, Duke of Orléans                             18. Louis William, Margrave of Baden-Baden               9. Margravine Auguste of Baden-Baden                       19. Sibylle Auguste of Saxe-Lauenburg               2. Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans                                   20. Louis III de Bourbon, Prince of Condé               10. Louise Élisabeth, légitimée de Bourbon                       21. Louise-Françoise de Bourbon               5. Louise Henriette de Bourbon- ?                             22. François Louis, Prince of Conti               11. Louis Armand de Bourbon, Prince de Conti                       23. Marie Thérèse de Bourbon               1. Antoine d'Orléans, duc de Montpensier                                         24. Louis XIV of France               12. Louis-Alexandre de Bourbon, comte de Toulouse                       25. Françoise-Athénaïs, marquise de Montespan               6. Louis Jean Marie de Bourbon, Duke of Penthièvre                             26. Anne-Jules, Duke of Noailles               13. Marie Victoire de Noailles                       27. Marie-Françoise de Bournonville               3. Louise Marie Adélaïde de Bourbon                                   28. Rinaldo III, Duke of Modena               14. Francesco III, Duke of Modena                       29. Princess Charlotte Felicity of Brunswick-Lüneburg               7. Maria Teresa d'Este                             30. Philippe II, Duke of Orléans =16               15. Charlotte Aglaé d'Orléans                       31. Françoise-Marie de Bourbon =17